Zoological Science最新文献

Comparative Study of Gamma Radiation Tolerance between Desiccation-Sensitive and Desiccation-Tolerant Tardigrades.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240056

Tokiko Saigo, Katsuya Satoh, Takekazu Kunieda

{"title":"Comparative Study of Gamma Radiation Tolerance between Desiccation-Sensitive and Desiccation-Tolerant Tardigrades.","authors":"Tokiko Saigo, Katsuya Satoh, Takekazu Kunieda","doi":"10.2108/zs240056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240056","url":null,"abstract":"Tardigrades are small metazoans renowned for their exceptional tolerance against various harsh environments in a dehydrated state. Some species exhibited an extraordinary tolerance against high-dose irradiation even in a hydrated state. Given that natural sources of high radiation are rare, the selective pressure to obtain such a high radiotolerance during evolution remains elusive. It has been postulated that high radiation tolerances could be derived from adaptation to dehydration, because both dehydration and radiation cause similar damage on biomolecules at least partly, e.g., DNA cleavage and oxidation of various biomolecules, and dehydration is a common environmental stress that terrestrial organisms should adapt to. Although tardigrades are known for high radiotolerance, the radiotolerance records have been reported only for desiccation-tolerant tardigrade species and nothing was known about the radiotolerance in desiccation-sensitive tardigrade species. Hence, the relationship between desiccation-tolerance and radiotolerance remained unexplored. To this end, we examined the radiotolerance of the desiccation-sensitive tardigrade Grevenius myrops (formerly known as Isohypsibius myrops) in comparison to the well-characterized desiccation-tolerant tardigrade, Ramazzottius varieornatus. The median lethal dose (LD50) of G. myrops was approximately 2240 Gy. This was much lower than those reported for desiccation tolerant eutardigrades. The effects of irradiation on the lifespan and the ovipositions were more severe in G. myrops compared to those in R. varieornatus. The present study provides precise records on the radiotolerance of a desiccation-sensitive tardigrade and the current data supported the correlation between desiccation tolerance and radiotolerance at least in eutardigrades.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dive Deep: Bioenergetic Adaptation of Deep-Sea Animals.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240061

Mitsuharu Yagi, Sayano Anzai, Shogo Tanaka

{"title":"Dive Deep: Bioenergetic Adaptation of Deep-Sea Animals.","authors":"Mitsuharu Yagi, Sayano Anzai, Shogo Tanaka","doi":"10.2108/zs240061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240061","url":null,"abstract":"The deep sea, which encompasses the largest habitat on Earth, presents a set of extreme and unique environmental conditions, including high hydrostatic pressure, near-freezing temperatures, and perpetual darkness. These conditions pose significant challenges to the survival and energy management of its inhabitants. Deep-sea organisms have evolved a range of bioenergetic adaptations to negotiate these harsh conditions, ensuring efficient energy acquisition and utilization. This review examines the multifaceted strategies employed by deep-sea animals, focusing on three key areas: energy input, digestive and absorptive efficiency, and energy consumption. We examine the physical environment of the deep sea, highlighting vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, which contrast sharply with surface conditions. Physiological adaptations of deep-sea species, such as specialized digestive systems and enzyme modifications that function optimally under high pressure, are explored in detail. Furthermore, we discuss behavioral adaptations, including diurnal vertical migration, which optimize energy intake and reduce metabolic costs. Comparative analyses with shallow-water species provide insights into the evolutionary pressures that have shaped these adaptations. This review also addresses the concept of \"power budgeting\", in which energy expenditures for specific dynamic actions (SDAs) must be balanced with other metabolic demands. This comprehensive examination of bioenergetic adaptation in deep-sea organisms enhances our understanding of their resilience and adaptability, offering glimpses into the complex interplay between environmental constraints and biological processes in one of the most challenging habitats on the planet.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Nematode Pristionchus pacificus Requires the Gβ and Gγ Proteins for Light Adaptation But Not For Light Avoidance.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240073

Aya Manabe, Keimei Ko, Kenichi Nakayama, Takahiro Chihara, Misako Okumura

{"title":"The Nematode Pristionchus pacificus Requires the Gβ and Gγ Proteins for Light Adaptation But Not For Light Avoidance.","authors":"Aya Manabe, Keimei Ko, Kenichi Nakayama, Takahiro Chihara, Misako Okumura","doi":"10.2108/zs240073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240073","url":null,"abstract":"Most organisms can sense and adapt to a wide range of light intensities. Although animals commonly use opsins for light detection, the nematode Pristionchus pacificus lacks conserved photoreceptors. The cyclic GMP signaling pathway and G protein-coupled receptor kinase are essential for light-avoidance behavior in P. pacificus. Although the mechanism of light sensing in P. pacificus has been partially elucidated, it remains unclear whether, and how, P. pacificus adapts to light. Here, we found that prior exposure to light reduced the frequency of light-avoidance behavior in P. pacificus, indicating its ability to adapt to light. To reveal the mechanism of light adaptation in P. pacificus, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate Gβ and Gγ subunit mutants, as these subunits are involved in chemosensory adaptation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Gβ and Gγ subunit mutants exhibited light-avoidance behavior similar to that of the wild type, but light adaptation was impaired in the Gβ mutants. Similarly, the Gγ and arrestin mutants showed minor abnormalities in light adaptation. These findings suggest that these proteins play a role in sensory adaptation beyond that in chemosensation and could contribute to light response mechanisms in nematodes.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional Adaptation and Microbes: Insights From Drosophila.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240057

Yukako Hattori

引用次数: 0

Guiding Light: Mechanisms and Adjustments of Environmental Light Interpretation with Insights from Platynereis dumerilii and Other Selected Examples. 引导光线：环境光解释的机制和调整，以及从 Platynereis dumerilii 和其他一些例子中获得的启示。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240099

Paul O Wulf, N Sören Häfker, Kaelin Hofmann, Kristin Tessmar-Raible

{"title":"Guiding Light: Mechanisms and Adjustments of Environmental Light Interpretation with Insights from Platynereis dumerilii and Other Selected Examples.","authors":"Paul O Wulf, N Sören Häfker, Kaelin Hofmann, Kristin Tessmar-Raible","doi":"10.2108/zs240099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240099","url":null,"abstract":"Animals possess many light-sensitive molecules. They exist as dedicated photoreceptors, or as byproducts of biochemical reactions. Their numbers are often high even in species that live in environments that humans would consider dark, as well as in species that are considered comparably simple (e.g., worms, cnidarians). But why are there so many photoreceptors? We provide some considerations on this question. Light conveys a significant amount of information to animals, through complex spectral and intensity changes, often specific to the spatial and temporal ecological niches a species inhabits. We discuss that the large number of opsins and cryptochromes, often also present outside the eyes and partially co-expressed, represent adaptation mechanisms to the highly complex light environment within a given niche. While theoretical, it is a plausible hypothesis given that most experimentally tested opsins and cryptochromes have been shown to be functional photoreceptors. The example of lunar and solar timing of the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii provides insight on how animals use the biochemical and cellular properties of different photoreceptors to decode solar versus lunar light, and their different adaptations in Drosophila melanogaster. We suggest that the future understanding of biological processes will strongly benefit from comparative lab and field work on the same species, and provide a first example for such work in P. dumerilii. Finally, we point out that work on animal light detection systems and their adaptability is crucial to understand the impact of anthropogenic changes on species and ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Yawning and Its Temperature-Dependent Modulation in Leopard Geckos.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs230123

Koki T Kotake, Sho T Yamaguchi, Yasutaka Mukai, Zhiwen Zhou, Hiroaki Norimoto

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Temperature Receptors and Their Roles in Sensory Diversification and Adaptation. 温度受体的进化及其在感官多样化和适应中的作用

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240060

Shigeru Saito, Claire T Saito

{"title":"Evolution of Temperature Receptors and Their Roles in Sensory Diversification and Adaptation.","authors":"Shigeru Saito, Claire T Saito","doi":"10.2108/zs240060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240060","url":null,"abstract":"Among various environmental factors, temperature is one of the critical factors for organisms since it can affect most, if not all, biological processes. Therefore, animals precisely sense ambient and body temperatures and physiologically and behaviorally respond to temperature changes. Taking such nature into consideration, alteration of thermal perception should have played a pivotal role in adaptation to diverse thermal niches. Temperature as well as other physical and chemical stimuli are perceived by the primary afferent neurons where transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are expressed, and these channels serve as multimodal receptors in the somatosensory system. To understand the roles of TRP channels in the evolution of sensory perception, comparative analyses have been performed using various animal species, and their functional diversity has been well documented over the past 2 decades. Furthermore, in recent years, species differences in the thermal responses of TRP channels have been found among closely related species inhabiting different thermal niches, which have uncovered the contributions of TRP channels to environmental adaptation in various vertebrate species. The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies that addressed the functional evolution of TRP channels associated with sensory diversification and environmental adaptation.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resting Cyst Formation as a Strategy for Environmental Adaptation in Colpodid Ciliates. 作为纤毛虫环境适应策略的静止囊形成

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240058

Yoichiro Sogame, Ryota Saito, Shuntaro Hakozaki

引用次数: 0

Seasonal Adaptation of Mammalian Development: Effect of Early-Life Photoperiod on Reproduction, Somatic Growth, and Neurobehavioral Systems. 哺乳动物发育的季节性适应：生命早期光周期对繁殖、体细胞生长和神经行为系统的影响》（Effect of Early-Life Photoperiod on Reproduction, Somatic Growth, and Neurobehavioral Systems.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240059

Shinobu Yasuo

{"title":"Seasonal Adaptation of Mammalian Development: Effect of Early-Life Photoperiod on Reproduction, Somatic Growth, and Neurobehavioral Systems.","authors":"Shinobu Yasuo","doi":"10.2108/zs240059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240059","url":null,"abstract":"For the survival and efficient breeding of wild-living animals, it is crucial to predict seasonal changes and prepare appropriate physiological functions and neurobehavioral mechanisms. In mammals, photoperiod serves as a reliable cue for seasonal changes in the environment, primarily transmitted by melatonin. This review focuses on the seasonal adaptation of mammalian development, specifically the effect of early-life photoperiod on reproductive, somatic, and neurobehavioral development in small- and large-sized mammals. Prediction of seasons through early-life photoperiod is particularly important for small mammals, which have relatively short longevity, to adjust their maximum growth and breeding ability in appropriate seasons during the birth year or the following round. Brain plasticity, as well as cognitive and emotional behaviors, are also highly modulated by early-life photoperiods for successful mating and spatial memory for foraging. This review first summarizes the basic knowledge and recent progress in the programming and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of reproductive and neurobehavioral development in small mammals, including C57BL/6J mice, which cannot produce detectable amounts of melatonin. The review then focuses on the influence of perinatal environmental conditions or birth season on adult phenotypes in large livestock and humans. Studies have advanced on the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Evidence from large mammals suggests that the prediction of seasons is crucial for high-fitness functions over several years. Finally, this review discusses the association of the season of birth with life course physiology and diseases in humans, and the possible mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmentally Dependent Alteration of Reproductive Strategies and Juvenile Hormone Signaling in Daphnia (Crustacea: Cladocera).

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240054

Hitoshi Miyakawa

引用次数: 0