Zoological Science最新文献_第10页

Colonial Entoproct Epibiotic on a Sea Spider. 海蜘蛛的殖民内源性外生菌。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240070

Keiichi Kakui, Shogo Sekiguchi

引用次数: 0

Electromyography of Flight Muscles in Free-Flying Chestnut Tiger Butterfly, Parantica sita. 自由飞行栗虎蝶飞行肌肉的肌电图。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240039

Noriyasu Ando, Norio Hirai, Makoto Iima, Kei Senda

{"title":"Electromyography of Flight Muscles in Free-Flying Chestnut Tiger Butterfly, Parantica sita.","authors":"Noriyasu Ando, Norio Hirai, Makoto Iima, Kei Senda","doi":"10.2108/zs240039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240039","url":null,"abstract":"The chestnut tiger butterfly, Parantica sita, can undertake long-distance migrations. They flap their wings for power flight and hold the wings for gliding; such repertoires of wing movements may be the key to explaining their excellent flight abilities. Measuring flight muscle activity using the electromyogram (EMG) is the first step toward understanding the neuromuscular mechanism of active flight control. Free-flight EMG measurements have, however, not been reported in butterflies. This study developed a method to acquire two-channel EMGs from free-flying P. sita. Stable EMG recordings were acquired using a monopolar electrode by attaching a small pre-amplifier to the dorsal mesonotum. The common-mode noise between channels was resolved by inserting a reference electrode into the mesonotum midline. The EMGs of five flight muscles were measured during free-flight and their activation phases were analyzed. The EMGs of all five muscles demonstrated a burst of spikes per stroke cycle, in contrast to the few spikes per cycle in the EMGs of hawkmoths, which would reflect the differences in wing kinematics and flight abilities. Further analyses, combining the technique developed in this study with high-speed videography, will clarify the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying the flight ability of P. sita.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"557-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Embryonic Development of the Gastrodermis in the Coral Acropora tenuis. 珊瑚腹真皮胚胎发育的研究。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240032

Kaz Kawamura, Noriyuki Satoh

{"title":"Embryonic Development of the Gastrodermis in the Coral Acropora tenuis.","authors":"Kaz Kawamura, Noriyuki Satoh","doi":"10.2108/zs240032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240032","url":null,"abstract":"Due to limited spawning seasons, embryogenesis of corals has not fully been studied and the embryonic origin of gastrodermis remains uncertain in Acropora. We herein examined how embryonic endodermal cells develop into the gastrodermis and mesentery of polyps in Acropora tenuis. In juvenile polyps, the gastrodermis invaginates to form mesenteries, both of which were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin, an anti-myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (anti-AtMef2) antibody, and an anti-lipoxygenase homology domain-containing protein 1 (anti-AtLoxhd1) antibody. Rhoda-mine-phalloidin staining was traced back to the endodermal cells of 60-85 hpf 'pear'-stage embryos through the larval stage. AtMef2 appeared in the blastomeres of a 12-hpf 'prawnchip'-stage embryo that was a variant U-shaped blastula with a narrow blastocoel. AtMef2 temporarily disappeared from the nuclei of 28-hpf 'donut'-stage embryos and reappeared in the endodermal cells of 40-hpf early 'pear'-stage embryos, suggesting a transition from maternal to zygotic expression of Mef2. The blastopore closed without the invagination of blastomeres. The gastrocoel collapsed and the Mef2-positive endoderm was dissociated into single cells in the well-developed blastocoel filled with yolk cells. The mesoglea appeared in the yolk cell layer. AtLoxhd1 was traced back to the endodermal cells of 'pear'-stage embryos. In 11-dpf larvae, Loxhd1-positive endodermal cells elongated in the vicinity of the mesoglea to adhere to each other and form the gastroderm epithelium in larvae. Therefore, in this coral, the inner wall of U-shaped early embryos is the cellular origin of the gastrodermis. Inner wall-derived endodermal cells move independently toward the mesoglea, where cell-cell adhesion occurs to establish the gastrodermis.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"496-508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Predator-Elicited Vocalization in Male Japanese Bush Warblers: Temporal and Spatial Singing Patterns in Relation to Presence of Conspecific Females. 捕食者诱导的雄性日本丛林莺的发声：与同种雌性存在相关的时空歌唱模式。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240018

Shoji Hamao

{"title":"A Predator-Elicited Vocalization in Male Japanese Bush Warblers: Temporal and Spatial Singing Patterns in Relation to Presence of Conspecific Females.","authors":"Shoji Hamao","doi":"10.2108/zs240018","DOIUrl":"10.2108/zs240018","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have suggested that, in some bird species, predator-elicited vocalizations of males may function as an advertisement to conspecific females, but the evidence remains scarce. Male Japanese bush warblers, Horornis diphone, are known for producing long, conspicuous songs (continuous songs), in response to both predators and conspecific females. In this work, I investigated the temporal and spatial associations of continuous songs with the presence of females. In seven surveys throughout a breeding season, male singing activity of continuous songs was low before females arrived at the breeding ground but increased thereafter. Singing activity was higher in territories where the presence of females was confirmed than in those where it was not. Over multiple days, I observed a single male from sunrise to sunset and observed that the locations where the male sang continuous songs were concentrated at the locations where the females were observed. These temporal and spatial associations of the continuous song with the presence of conspecific females support the hypothesis that the continuous song is an advertisement to females. Additional observations showed that females did not fly away or enter the bushes in response to the continuous songs as they did when they encountered danger, and that the male sang continuous songs even towards females that were not considered their mating partner. These findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the continuous song is an alarm to alert their mates of danger. This study shows the possibility that male Japanese bush warblers advertise their quality to potential mates by singing continuous songs under dangerous situations.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"489-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Amphibian Eggs a Precious Food Resource for Cynops pyrrhogaster (Amphibia: Urodela) in Spring? 两栖动物的卵是水龙目（两栖纲：尾尾纲）春季的宝贵食物资源吗？

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240002

Shona Yasuda, Ryota Morii, Keiryu Hirota, Gota Tominaga, Hiroshi Ikeda

{"title":"Are Amphibian Eggs a Precious Food Resource for Cynops pyrrhogaster (Amphibia: Urodela) in Spring?","authors":"Shona Yasuda, Ryota Morii, Keiryu Hirota, Gota Tominaga, Hiroshi Ikeda","doi":"10.2108/zs240002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240002","url":null,"abstract":"Most true predators are generalists, and it is difficult to examine their actual diets in the wild. In many cases, the prey that experience a large impact are also not well known. Amphibians are generalist predators that prey mainly on insects, and amphibian species active beginning in spring are considered to prey on food resources other than insects in this season due to the low number of insects. The Japanese red-bellied newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster) is a generalist predator widely distributed in Japan and is known to frequently prey on amphibian eggs. Here, we showed that amphibian eggs are a precious food resource for C. pyrrhogaster in spring. The total weights of stomach contents were compared among seasons and we found that the total weights of stomach contents in spring were the same as those in summer. Also, we examined whether C. pyrrhogaster preys on amphibian eggs instead of insects in spring. The composition of the taxonomic groups in their stomach contents was compared among the seasons, and the indicator groups in their stomach contents were identified in each season. We found that they preyed not only upon insects but also upon amphibian eggs in spring, while they preyed mainly upon insects in summer and autumn. Our results suggest that C. pyrrhogaster preys on amphibian eggs to compensate for the shortage of food in spring when the number of insects is low.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"533-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patterns of Sexual Dimorphism, Static Allometry, and Modularity in the Skull of the Ethiopian White-Footed Mouse, Stenocephalemys albipes (Rodentia: Muridae). 埃塞俄比亚白足鼠颅骨的两性异形、静态异速和模性模式（啮齿目：鼠科）。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240030

Jadab Kumar Biswas, Masaharu Motokawa

{"title":"Patterns of Sexual Dimorphism, Static Allometry, and Modularity in the Skull of the Ethiopian White-Footed Mouse, Stenocephalemys albipes (Rodentia: Muridae).","authors":"Jadab Kumar Biswas, Masaharu Motokawa","doi":"10.2108/zs240030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240030","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual differences are commonly described as male-biased sexual dimorphism, female-biased dimorphism, and monomorphism. Nevertheless, detailed patterns of sexual dimorphism have only been explored in a few rodent species. We used geometric morphometrics to investigate patterns of sexual dimorphism, static allometry, and modularity in the skull of the Ethiopian white-footed mouse (Stenocephalemys albipes). Procrustes analysis of variance showed nonsignificant sexual dimorphism for the size and shape of the cranium. Significant sexual differences were detected in the mandibular size but not in the mandibular shape. Discriminant analysis indicated nonsignificant differences between sexes in the Procrustes distance of the cranium and mandible. Additionally, scatter allometric plots demonstrated similar patterns of allometry in both sexes. Allometric variation showed an elongation of the rostrum, widening of the zygomatic bones, and narrowing of the braincase. We also observed an expanding of the ascending ramus and shortening of the alveolar part for the mandible. These may indicate the existence of modularity in the skull, which was supported by modularity analysis. Although these trends have been thought to be a growth-related phenomenon of the mammalian skull, functional requirements may also have an effect. In conclusion, our results indicate sexual monomorphism in the skull of S. albipes, which may have no effect on allometric variation and modularity patterns.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"548-556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Genetic Structures Among Sympatric, Red-Listed Salt-Marsh Snails in Mainland Japan (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae). 日本大陆同域红种盐沼蜗牛的遗传结构比较（腹足目：蜗牛科）。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240028

Karin Inoue, Takuya Yahagi, Taeko Kimura, Shoichi Kimura, Yasunori Kano

{"title":"Comparison of Genetic Structures Among Sympatric, Red-Listed Salt-Marsh Snails in Mainland Japan (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae).","authors":"Karin Inoue, Takuya Yahagi, Taeko Kimura, Shoichi Kimura, Yasunori Kano","doi":"10.2108/zs240028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240028","url":null,"abstract":"Melampus \"sincaporensis,\" Auriculastra \"duplicata\", and Ellobium chinense are Red-Listed snail species of the family Ellobiidae that co-occur on salt marshes in mainland Japan. Here, we report the genetic diversity and population structures of the former two taxa in comparison with our previous data on E. chinense for the evaluation of connectivity and conservation values of their local populations. Analyses of 655-bp or 652-bp sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene showed the highest genetic diversity and panmictic structure for M. sp. cf. sincaporensis throughout its geographic range in Japan, whereas they showed the highest level of genetic subdivision for A. sp. cf. duplicata. Our laboratory observation of egg masses and planktotrophic larvae of A. \"duplicata\" and reference to previous ontogenetic data for the species of Melampus suggested differences in their fecundity and pelagic larval duration, which apparently have led to the contrasting levels of population differentiation in the study species. Particular need of conservation efforts was identified for the isolated population of A. \"duplicata\" in the Ise-Mikawa Bay area to avoid local extinction and shrinking of the species' geographic range. In addition, we present molecular and morphological evidence that individuals of A. \"duplicata\" from mangrove swamps in the northern part of Okinawa Island represent an independent, surviving lineage of a different species.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"509-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cloning and Expression Analysis of TGF-β Type I Receptor Gene in Hyriopsis cumingii. 拟南芥 TGF-β I 型受体基因的克隆与表达分析

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240031

Linying Liu, Peipei Yi, Chengyi Jiang, Baoqing Hu

{"title":"Cloning and Expression Analysis of TGF-β Type I Receptor Gene in Hyriopsis cumingii.","authors":"Linying Liu, Peipei Yi, Chengyi Jiang, Baoqing Hu","doi":"10.2108/zs240031","DOIUrl":"10.2108/zs240031","url":null,"abstract":"The TGF-β signaling pathway plays an important role in wound healing and immune response. In this study, a TGF-β type I receptor (TGF-βRI) homolog was cloned and characterized from freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. The full-length cDNA of the TGF-β RI gene was 2017 bp, with a 1554 bp open reading frame (ORF), and encoded 517 amino acids. The predictive analysis further identified distinct regions within the TGF-βRI protein: a signal peptide, a membrane outer region, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular region. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the TGF-β RI gene was expressed in all tissues of healthy mussels. The transcripts of TGF-β RI in hemocytes and hepatopancreas were significantly up-regulated at different periods after stimulation with Aeromonas hydrophila and peptidoglycan (PGN) (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of TGF-β RI progressively increased from day 1 to day 10 after trauma (P < 0.05), and it returned to the initial level by day 15. The expression levels of TGF-β , Smad5, MMP1/19, and TIMP1/2, but not Smad3/4, were significantly up-regulated at different time points after trauma. However, the expression levels of TGF-β , MMP1/19, and TIMP2 were decreased after treatment with the inhibitor SB431542. Furthermore, the recombinant TGF-βRI proteins were expressed in vitro and existed in the form of inclusion bodies. Western blotting results showed that TGF-βRI proteins were expressed constitutively in various tissues of mussels, and their expression was up-regulated after trauma, which was consistent with the mRNA expression trend. These results indicate that TGF-β RI is involved in the process of wound repair and immune response.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 5","pages":"436-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Term Heat Tolerance and Accelerated Metamorphosis: Hot Spring Adaptations of Buergeria japonica. 长期耐热和加速变态：Buergeria japonica 的温泉适应性。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240011

Bagus Priambodo, Kento Shiraga, Ippei Harada, Hajime Ogino, Takeshi Igawa

{"title":"Long-Term Heat Tolerance and Accelerated Metamorphosis: Hot Spring Adaptations of Buergeria japonica.","authors":"Bagus Priambodo, Kento Shiraga, Ippei Harada, Hajime Ogino, Takeshi Igawa","doi":"10.2108/zs240011","DOIUrl":"10.2108/zs240011","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme temperatures are a major threat to the survival of ectotherms such as amphibians. The tree frogs belonging to the genus Buergeria have accomplished a latitudinal distribution and a wide range of thermal adaptations. In particular, Buergeria japonica, referred to as the \"hot spring frog\", has been reported to tolerate extremely high temperatures. However, it is unclear how the heat tolerance and metamorphic strategies of this species vary among populations at different temperatures. We therefore conducted long-term heat tolerance experiments on multiple populations of B. japonica tadpoles and their congenic species to determine their survivability and development speed. We observed heat tolerance differences between B. japonica/Buergeria choui and Buergeria buergeri. Buergeria japonica exhibited the highest tolerance among all species, and the Seranma hot spring population showed the highest survival rate and accelerated development speed. However, at temperatures higher than 35°C, they could not survive until the completion of metamorphosis, contrary to previous field observations. Our behavioral experiment showed attenuation of the high temperature preference of B. japonica tadpoles associated with developmental stages, suggesting that they can tolerate extreme temperatures for a limited time window during their development until metamorphosis.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 5","pages":"424-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Invasive Leaf Gall-Inducing Wasps Ophelimus cracens sp. nov. and Epichrysocharis burwelli on Eucalypts in Taiwan. 台湾桉树上的新入侵叶瘿蜂 Ophelimus cracens sp.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs230124

Liang-Yu Pan, Kazunori Matsuo, Gene-Sheng Tung

{"title":"New Invasive Leaf Gall-Inducing Wasps Ophelimus cracens sp. nov. and Epichrysocharis burwelli on Eucalypts in Taiwan.","authors":"Liang-Yu Pan, Kazunori Matsuo, Gene-Sheng Tung","doi":"10.2108/zs230124","DOIUrl":"10.2108/zs230124","url":null,"abstract":"We identified two gall-inducing wasp species infesting eucalypts leaves, including an undescribed species, Ophelimus cracens sp. nov., and Epichrysocharis burwelli, which is a new record for Taiwan. The major hosts of O. cracens were Eucalyptus grandis, Eu. urophylla, and Eu. camaldulensis (Myrtaceae). We observed failed galls of O. cracens at an early stage on Eu. amplifolia and Corymbia maculata. All O. cracens adults discovered on infected leaves were females, and four parasitoid species were identified in samples collected from two cities, three counties, and four municipalities across Taiwan. Epichrysocharis burwelli was exclusively found on C. citriodora in Hsinchu, Nantou, and Tainan Cities. This marks the first record of Ep. burwelli in Asia, accompanied by the identification of one parasitoid species. The adult longevity of adults which emerged from their major hosts, when provided with honey-water solution, was 5.5 days for O. cracens and 5.7 days for Ep. burwelli. Recognizing the potential damage by these wasps on Eucalyptus production areas in the absence of parasitoids, further investigations of their biology and control are warranted.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 5","pages":"479-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0