Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії最新文献

{"title":"ADVANCEMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING URIC ACID METABOLISM IN THE INTESTINE","authors":"V. Zhdan, M. Tkachenko, M. Babanina, H. Volchenko, Y. Kitura","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.293","url":null,"abstract":"This review provides contemporary insights into the direct and indirect pathogenetic connections between purine compound metabolism and biochemical processes within the cells of the gastrointestinal system. A thorough analysis of recent publications from 2000 to 2024, sourced from databases including Scopus, PubMed, eLIIBRARY, and Google Scholar, was conducted. Uric acid serves as the end product of purine-containing compound catabolism. Its concentration is intricately regulated through the collaboration of the kidneys and gastrointestinal organs, namely the small intestine and liver. Gout, a chronic condition, emerges from the interplay between molecular genetic factors and external influences. Elevated levels of urates in the blood serum (hyperuricemia) and the deposition of sodium urate crystals in organs and tissues set off a cascade of inflammatory and fibrotic processes within mucosal, smooth muscle, parenchymal, and endothelial cells, including those within the gastrointestinal tract. \u0000Normally, a person excretes about 1.5 g of uric acid per day. Under physiological conditions, two-thirds of uric acid is excreted from the body by the kidneys, one-third through the intestines, and a small part is excreted with bile. The hypothesis that links the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia with “renal overload” suggests that the disease may develop as a result of impaired renal excretion with insufficient elimination of uric acid through the intestines. Part of uric acid transport systems actively works in hepatocytes and enterocytes, which determines its formation and clearance. Uric acid transporter proteins are divided into two categories: urate reabsorption transporters and urate excretion transporters, their expression is regulated by transcription factors, hormones and metabolites of intestinal microflora. The influence of intestinal microbiota on uric acid metabolism is related to its participation in purine metabolism, decomposition and elimination of uric acid with metabolites of intestinal flora and inhibition of gouty inflammation and is evaluated as a new therapeutic potential in gout and hyperuricemia, which allows to avoid kidney damage and urolithiasis.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"79 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFICIENCY OF CYTOKINE THERAPY IN TREATING DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE OPTIC NERVE","authors":"I. Olefir","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.40","url":null,"abstract":"Degenerative diseases of the optic nerve can result from a variety of causes, including increased intraocular pressure, impaired blood supply, and physical trauma (e.g. due to retroorbital hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury). As the optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons, primary retinal lesions (especially those affecting the ganglion cells and nerve fiber layers) often result in concomitant optic nerve pathology, including degeneration. \u0000The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of treating degenerative diseases of the optic nerve with the drug cytocholine based on functional changes data. \u0000Матеріали та методи. Під спостереженням знаходилось 32 пацієнти з нейродегенеративними захворюваннями зорового нерву, які знаходились на лікуванні в офтальмологічному відділенні в 2019-2024 рр. Всі пацієнти були розділені на дві групи в залежності від вибору лікування. До першої групи пацієнтів увійшло 16 хворих, яким проводилась класична схема лікування дегенеративних захворювань зорового нерва (антиішемічна, нейропротекторна, метаболічна, гіпотензивна, ноотропна терапія та нейротропні вітаміни). Другу групу склала решта - 16 пацієнтів, які до вищевказаної терапії додатково приймали комбінований препарат з цитоколіном та вітамінним комплексом. \u0000Materials and methods. 32 patients with neurodegenerative diseases of the optic nerve who underwent therapy at the ophthalmology department from 2019 to 2024 were observed. All patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment choice. The first group included 16 patients who received standard treatment for degenerative optic nerve diseases (anti-ischemic, neuroprotective, metabolic, hypotensive, nootropic therapy, and neurotropic vitamins). The second group comprised the remaining 16 patients who, in addition to the standard therapy, were administered a combination drug containing cytocholine and a vitamin complex. \u0000Results. One of the most revealing and significant findings is the dynamic change in visual field among patients in group 2 (with the addition of cytocholine to the treatment regimen). A statistically significant positive trend (p < 0.001) in the increase of average deviation of retinal photosensitivity from the norm (MD) was observed that was confirmed not only by perimetry data but also by subjective reports from patients. These changes were noted in all 16 patients of the second group. \u0000Conclusions. Adding a complex of cytocholine with vitamins to the classic treatment regimens for degenerative diseases of the optic nerve lead to better functional results 6 months after the treatment.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"66 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141121614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF DENTAL CARE INDICATORS FOR CHILDREN BASED ON DATA FROM THE PEDIATRIC DENTAL CLINIC OF POLTAVA CITY","authors":"L. Kaskova, N. Yanko, V. V. Tovma, I. Vashchenko, L. P. Ulasevich","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.160","url":null,"abstract":"In the period from 2020 to 2023, the dental care system in Ukraine underwent significant changes considering the effects of healthcare reforms, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ongoing conflict. The objective of this article is to assess the changes in the provision of general dental care at the Pediatric Dental Polyclinic in Poltava City over the past five years based on a retrospective analysis of statistical reports from 2019 to 2023. In 2019, emergency dental care accounted 9.69% of all visits. Complicated caries of permanent teeth was found in 2.28% of filled teeth, with light-cured resin fillings representing 29.52% of them. Periodontal diseases were detected in 0.62% of visits. Preventive examinations comprises a significant portion of visits, 86.43% of visits; 94.66% of children who needed dental sanitation received full treatment. Preventive measures including fissure sealing, remineralizing therapy, and supervised tooth brushing played a significant role in these outcomes. \u0000In 2020, the number of visits dramatically decreased, but the share of emergency dental care increased to 11.65%, compared to 2019 (p < 0.0001). The number of filled teeth decreased, while the percentage of complicated caries of permanent teeth increased to 4.09% (p < 0.0001). The proportion of fillings made of light-cured resins rose to 40.19%, representing a 1.36-fold increase (p < 0.0001). Preventive examinations accounted for 26.47% of visits, and 88.47% of examined children in need of dental sanitation were fully treated. However, the share of preventive measures and the number of visits for children with periodontal disease dropped. \u0000In 2021, the number of preventive examinations increased to 49.49% of visits. The percentage of complicated caries of permanent teeth in the filling structure rose to 4.93% compared to 2020 (p < 0.0001). The share of fillings made of light-cured resins reached 51.19%, and the rate of children receiving treatment under anesthesia increased (p < 0.0001). Indicators of preventive measures, which received less attention during quarantine, continued to decline. \u0000In 2022, complicated caries of permanent teeth constituted 4.96% of fillings that was higher than in 2021 (p < 0.0001). The proportion of preventive examinations significantly decreased to 33.45% (p < 0.0001), and the percentage of treated children among those who needed treatment dropped to 77.5%. Pedodontists started paying more attention to periodontal disease, preventive care, and treatment under anesthesia, which increased significantly. \u0000In 2023, the share of complicated caries of permanent teeth increased to 5.53% (p < 0.0001). The number of children treated under local or general anesthesia increased by 2.5 times. The number of visits for children with periodontal disease and indicators of preventive measures also increased (p < 0.001). In 2023, the share of preventive examinations was 36.28%, and the percentage of treated children among those who needed help decreased com","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"80 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTEGRADE METHODS OF BILIARY DECOMPRESSION IN TUMOR OBSTRUCTION OF THE BILIARY TRACT","authors":"M. Shevchuk, M. Dudchenko, M. Kravtsiv, D. Ivashchenko, G. Ivanova","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.65","url":null,"abstract":"Percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided intervention is a crucial method for addressing mechanical jaundice. This technique for restoring bile outflow enables the resolution of several medical and diagnostic issues with minimal invasiveness and fewer complications compared to traditional open surgical treatments. Most often, antegrade cholangiostomy is used in oncological practice, where the variety of clinical situations determines the indications for performing this intervention in different variants and with different goals. According to the world literature, at the moment, sufficient experience of transdermal technologies has been accumulated, their application in clinical practice has been worked out, which allows to recognize them, to a certain extent, as routine. \u0000The purpose of this work is to optimize biliary decompression in patients with tumor obstruction of the biliary tract, to improve the prevention of complications, to enhance the immediate results of treatment and the quality of life for this group of population. \u0000The study analyzed the examination and surgical treatment outcomes of 64 patients with tumor-related mechanical jaundice treated in surgical hospitals from 2017 to 2023. All patients underwent antegrade biliary drainage procedures, specifically percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy and bile duct stenting under ultrasound guidance, to achieve biliary decompression. \u0000Percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic interventions have become the primary method for biliary decompression in cases of bile duct obstruction due to tumors. These procedures, particularly for malignant tumors, are associated with relatively few complications and low mortality rates.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"16 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OSTEOGENESIS AND BONE RESORPTION IN PATIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE MANDIBULAR BONE DEFECTS DURING INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES","authors":"V.V. Khattu","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.96","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth extraction has long been the most common surgical procedure. Preserving the height of the alveolar ridge after extraction is crucial for further replacement of the missing tooth, including through dental implantation. This study aimed to assess the effect of cryopreserved placenta and quercetin on bone formation and osteoresorption markers in oral fluid. Ninety patients who underwent lower tooth extraction due to inflammation participated in the research. They were divided into three clinical groups of 30 each: the first group received cryopreserved placenta after extraction, the second group received combined therapy of cryopreserved placenta and quercetin, and the third (control) group underwent standard tooth extraction. Osteocalcin and matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in the oral fluid were measured on days 1, 10, 20, 30, 90, and 180 after extraction for all groups. \u0000Antagonism between \"osteocalcin\" and \"matrix metalloproteinase-8\" was observed in the oral fluid during reparative osteogenesis. However, statistically significant changes in this marker were noted earlier in the observation period and were more pronounced, possibly due to local changes predominating. This suggests activation of bone tissue resorption processes in the early stages of the study and osteogenesis in the later stages of observation. The least dynamic changes in the studied indicators were observed when cryopreserved placenta was used in combination with quercetin treatment.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEALTHY LIFESTYLE INDICATORS AMING MEDICAL STUDENTS AT POLTAVA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY","authors":"V.M. Tymoshenko, A.M. Syngaivskyi, H.Y. Morokhovets, O. O. Pushko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.2.186","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to study the indicators of a healthy lifestyle among Master students at Poltava State Medical University, and factors influencing this choice. \u0000The article analyzes the results of a survey among 228 students of the 1st-3rd years of study at Poltava State Medical University. We used the Google Forms service (https://docs.google.com/forms) to conduct the survey. The questionnaire was distributed through student groups in Viber and Telegram social networks. \u0000Results. In this study, 94.7% of students agreed to participate. Male students made up 29.6% of participants, female participants constituted 70.4%. The average value of BMI was 22.34 (CI [20.16-24.35]) in men and 21.07 (CI [19.23-22.29]) (p=0.019) in women. \u0000A statistically significant difference was observed between the BMI values of students who lived in a dormitory, the average BMI was 20.82 (CI [19.26-21.76]), compared to those who lived with their families in their own housing, where BMI was 21.54 (CI [19.46-22.82]), and those in rented housing, where BMI was 21.87 (CI [19.22-23.74]) (p<0.0001). \u0000The mean score for tendency to crash diet for weight loss in the male group was 0.15 (CI [0-1.0]), compared to the female group, where it was 0.41 (CI [0-1.0]) (p=0.0104). \u0000The mean score for the frequency of walking in the group aged 16-18 was 2.25 (CI [1.0-3.0]), 19-21 - 2.33 (CI [1.0-3.0]), 22-24 - 1.33 (CI [1.0-2.0]), >24 - 2.0 (CI [1.0-2.0]) (p=0.00805). \u0000The mean score for the frequency of walking in the group of students living in rented housing was 2.18 (CI [1.0-3.0]), in the group living in a dormitory - 2.47 (CI [1.0-3.0]), in the group living with family - 2.07 (CI [1.0-2.0]) (p=0.0014). \u0000Conclusion. A healthy diet, sleep, and exercise must be balanced to improve mental and physical health, and thus to improve the performance of medical students. \u0000In general, students should be instructed to maintain proper sleep hygiene, recommended reducing the time spent using the devices, especially in the evening, avoiding alcoholic beverages, as well as setting various reminders and alarms.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"88 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ADVANTAGES OF SYDNONIMINES COMPARED TO NITRATES IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND CORONARY INSUFFICIENCY","authors":"N.O. Vlasenko","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.249","url":null,"abstract":"One of the primary challenges in treating patients with coronary artery disease and coronary insufficiency using nitrates is the development of tolerance. Nitrate tolerance is a condition in which the duration and intensity of anti-anginal and anti-ischemic effects decrease, despite maintaining a high concentration of the drug in the blood. In cases of developing tolerance, a continual increase in the nitrate dose is necessary to achieve the previous effect. To eliminate developed nitrate tolerance, discontinuing nitrates for 3-5 days is typically sufficient. Currently, molsidomine is employed as an alternative to nitrates, with sydnonimines emerging as a noteworthy substitute. Among sydnonimines, molsidomine (marketed as Sydnopharm, Dilasidom, Corvaton) stands out as the most effective. Despite its chemical distinction from nitrates, molsidomine operates through a similar mechanism. Functioning as a nitric oxide donor, this antianginal drug avoids the development of tolerance even with prolonged use. Molsidomine, akin to nitrates, acts as a vasodilator, exhibiting efficacy as an anti-ischemic and anti-anginal medication when administered in appropriate doses. Upon entering the human body, molsidomine undergoes hepatic metabolism, transforming into an active derivative compound known as SIN-1. This metabolite, upon entering the bloodstream, further converts into an active form (SIN-1A). From this active metabolite, the nitric oxide (NO) group is released, influencing the activation of guanylate cyclase. This activation prompts guanosine triphosphate to convert into cyclic guanosine triphosphate, ultimately contributing to the synthesis of proteins that bind calcium. This cascade of events results in the vasodilatory effect of molsidomine. Indications for molsidomine include stable angina pectoris, acute coronary syndrome, early post-infarction angina, congestive heart failure, portal hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and Aerz's disease. Possible side effects following the therapy with molsidomine (dizziness, headache, and diplopia) occur much less frequently compared to nitrates. After using nitrates, such a side effect as methemoglobinемia may occur. Therapy with molsidomine does not lead to the development of this side effect.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"350 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENHANCING QUALITY OF MEDICAL EDUCATION THROUGH INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"В.В. Іліка, O. Harvasiuk, O.I. Dogolych, V. Kulachek, M.O. Andrushchak","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.176","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. The advancement of education is propelled by the integration of new ideas, tools, pedagogical methods, and management technologies, contibuting to a transformation of the education system. This scientific paper aims to explore the significance of innovations and their pivotal role in enhancing the quality of education, particularly through the implementation of innovative approaches in delivering the course \"Pathomorphology\" for future medical professionals. \u0000Results. The study findings unequivocally demonstrate that adopting an innovative approach in teaching \"Pathomorphology\" significantly contributes to the development of students' professional knowledge and fosters the cultivation of critical thinking and analytical skills. Leveraging advanced methodologies such as integrated learning and group learning technologies creates a dynamic learning environment wherein students collaborate, exchange ideas, and collectively address practical challenges. \u0000An important component is the utilization of the MOODLE system and online platforms like Google Meet, enabling students to access knowledge electronically while actively engaging with lecturers in a virtual setting. This facilitates communication between students and educators, fostering discussions, nurturing creative thinking, and tackling educational tasks collaboratively. \u0000Conclusion. Integrating innovative approaches in education enhances the quality of student learning, encouraging theri active research, fostering independent learning skills, and cultivating self-reliant individuals capable of continuous self-improvement. The consistent implementation of innovations not only enhances students' professional competence but also imposes high standards on educators, motivating them to pursue continuous professional development and strive for excellence. These factors render the teaching-learning process not only engaging but also exceptionally effective.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INDICATORS OF THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF THE GUT COMMENSAL MICROBIOTA AS BIOMARKERS OF HOMEOSTASIS (Part 1)","authors":"M. Ananieva, G. Loban', M. Faustova, Y. Chumak, S.M. Losev","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.239","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, practical medicine has faced a surge of information highlighting the emergence of new microbes in the human body's microbiota, leading to challenges in interpreting laboratory test results. This study aims to equip medical professionals, including doctors of various specialties, medical students, and interns, with a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge on the human gastrointestinal microbial profile. Our analysis included 53 articles from international literature sources indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. These articles were identified through an electronic search. The composition of the human microbiome is shaped by alterations in environmental conditions, living environments, diet, climate, genetics, and various other factors. Following birth, the pivotal role in microbiome formation involves the vertical, horizontal, and mixed transfer of microorganisms. Navigating the diversity of resident microbiota can be challenging, leading scientists to suggest biomarkers such as diversity indices, enterotypes, and established ratios at typical taxonomic levels (genus, species) for convenience. In clinical practice, these indicators serve as indirect markers of microflora properties that model health or disease. To understand the distribution of species within types, ecologists introduced concepts like α-, β-, and γ-diversity, grounded in different mathematical models. These indicators are also employed to assess the human body microbiota. The division into enterotypes was proposed by scientists on the basis that the phylogenetic (species) composition of each category determines its own functional feature, which is likely to be related to long-term eating habits. Conclusion. Scientists endeavor to assess the intricate microbiome system and its substantial impact on the human body, as well as the adverse effects of dysbiosis, employing mathematical models applied in microbiology.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"88 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY OF RATS IN THE ACUTE PERIOD OF MILD BLAST-INDUCED TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY","authors":"Yu.V. Kozlova","doi":"10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.24.1.89","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of this work is related to the widespread use of explosive devices in military conflicts. More common and \"invisible\" is mild blast-induced brain injury. This can manifest through anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and spatial memory impairments. However, significant variability exists in modeling blast-induced traumatic brain injury and spatial memory assessment methods. This study aimed to investigate the exploratory activity of rats during the acute phase of mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury modelled by using a newly developed device. \u0000The study carried out on 18 sexually mature male Wistar rats weighing 220-270 g. The selected rats were divided into three groups: an experimental group (n=6), animals were modeled with blast-induced trauma by generating an air shock wave with an overpressure of 26.4±3.6 kPa, sham group (n=6), animals were subjected only to inhalation anesthesia with halothane and fixed in a horizontal position, and an intact group (n=6). The exploratory activity was recorded by the iPhoneXR camera; the route of movement through the maze of rats from three groups was graphically depicted and visually analyzed, as well as the number of entries into the \"false shelters\" was counted and the performance of experimental, sham and intact rats was compared. On the 1st day of the post-traumatic period, the experimental rats explored a greater number of \"false shelters\", by 72% (p<0.01) compared to intact animals and by 65% (p<0.05) compared to control animals. On the 3rd day, this activity was higher by 53% (p<0.05) compared to intact and by 67% (p<0.05) compared to control rats. On day 7, experimental rats explored more, by 86% (p<0.01) compared to intact rats and also by 86% (p<0.01) compared to control animals. The obtained results indicate an increase in the exploratory activity of rats in the acute period of mild blast-induced brain injury.","PeriodicalId":24028,"journal":{"name":"Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії","volume":"32 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}