ANTEGRADE METHODS OF BILIARY DECOMPRESSION IN TUMOR OBSTRUCTION OF THE BILIARY TRACT

Abstract

Percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided intervention is a crucial method for addressing mechanical jaundice. This technique for restoring bile outflow enables the resolution of several medical and diagnostic issues with minimal invasiveness and fewer complications compared to traditional open surgical treatments. Most often, antegrade cholangiostomy is used in oncological practice, where the variety of clinical situations determines the indications for performing this intervention in different variants and with different goals. According to the world literature, at the moment, sufficient experience of transdermal technologies has been accumulated, their application in clinical practice has been worked out, which allows to recognize them, to a certain extent, as routine. The purpose of this work is to optimize biliary decompression in patients with tumor obstruction of the biliary tract, to improve the prevention of complications, to enhance the immediate results of treatment and the quality of life for this group of population. The study analyzed the examination and surgical treatment outcomes of 64 patients with tumor-related mechanical jaundice treated in surgical hospitals from 2017 to 2023. All patients underwent antegrade biliary drainage procedures, specifically percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy and bile duct stenting under ultrasound guidance, to achieve biliary decompression. Percutaneous transhepatic endoscopic interventions have become the primary method for biliary decompression in cases of bile duct obstruction due to tumors. These procedures, particularly for malignant tumors, are associated with relatively few complications and low mortality rates.