Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Formal R&D Management and Strategic Decision Making in Small Firms in Knowledge‐Intensive Business Services","authors":"P. Teirlinck, A. Spithoven","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2012.00701.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2012.00701.x","url":null,"abstract":"Small research and development (R&D) active firms in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) can be characterised as technology experts in niche markets. Their reliance on expertise in one or a few key technology areas involves a continuous challenge to make strategic decisions in terms of future technology and market positioning. The formal management of R&D is considered an important part hereof. However, besides the fact that it is no common practice in about half of these companies, little is known about formal R&D management in small firms in KIBS. This paper addresses this gap using a combined quantitative and qualitative research approach. The starting point for the descriptive quantitative empirical analysis is a representative sample of small R&D active firms in KIBS provided by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development business R&D survey for Belgium. The presence of formal R&D management is related to aspects of dynamic capabilities. The qualitative research is based on strategic choices in the innovation strategy in 12 purposively chosen small firms during the period 20052011. It maps the evolution of the firm's technology and market positioning within a setting adapted to small firms in KIBS, and highlights its relation with formal R&D management. The analysis reveals that formal R&D management in small firms in KIBS can be related to more complex linkages between internal innovation strengths and opportunities in the firm's external environment. Moreover, formal R&D management in KIBS is found to be closely related to dynamics in strategic decision making in terms of market positioning and to innovation success. The influence of formal R&D management on the technology focus in small firms in KIBS turned out to be of minor importance.","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121299335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sporting Family Business Generations","authors":"M. Joshi, Apoorva Srivastava, V. Aggarwal","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2190741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2190741","url":null,"abstract":"Family businesses are legacy treasures, to be passed on to the next generation. The inheritance of the business is wishfully given to the sibling belonging to the next generation. The decision to hand over business engages a high level of emotional connection with the family and business. The founder as patriarch is solely responsible for this divide and transition. At the time of taking this decision, the level of competencies available with the next generation, including their innate interest to be in the family business is not actively considered, which may be imperative towards professionalization of the family business. Because of altruism, level of professionalization required in the interest of the family business, may not reach the optimum level. As a result, lower competitiveness may lead to reduced performance in businesses.At some point in the life cycle of a family business, the family owners might decide that they should professionalize their firm. 'Professionalization' is often thought to mean, 'changing from family management to non-family management.' Professionalization can also happen, when a family sibling, with desired capabilities, is chosen to lead the business. He or she is provided with an opportunity to acquire capability to understand the complexities of the family business and management. This may happen through higher education, constant training and in-house exposure by engaging actively in the family business. During this professionalization process, the founder manager may or may not like to be directly connected with the family business, or stay in any decision making position. Autonomy, to the next generation is passed over based on the level of competency inherited or acquired.It is a known fact that most industry leaders around the world are family businesses and are also good examples of professionalism. A company can be family-owned and managed and be professional, at the same time. Terms like 'family managers' and 'professional managers' imply that the only way to be 'professional' is to be 'non-family', which means, a definite line of difference has to be drawn between the decisions of 'family interest' and 'business interest'. Professionalism does not imply having a family manager or non-family manager in family business. It implies nurturing one’s, competency, capability, attitude and behavior essentially required towards the growth of the family business.Businesses largely compete on the basis of available talent, competency and capability. Family business must be open to induct competent people within the family with required skills to lead the company. If a family nurtures a member with requisite skills, values, and ability to keep shareholders, employees, key customers, and suppliers loyal to business, then family leadership is the best option. As the business grows in dimension, differential capabilities are required to run the business competitively, which might not be easily available within the fam","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130239791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bank Branches Efficiency: The Caixa de Crédito Agrícola Mútuo da Região de Bragança e Alto Douro Example, Using Data Envelopment Analysis","authors":"José Bernardo Martins Alves, S. Pereira, Elísio Brandão","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2146479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2146479","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the performance and comparative efficiency between the Caixa de Credito Agricola Mutuo da Regiao de Braganca e Alto Douro bank branches, credit cooperative that integrates \"Credito Agricola Mutuo Integrated System\" (SICAM). With the use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we perform a bidimensional approach, evaluating the efficiency in a transactional perspetive and also for their capacity to generate results. Considering the increasing role that the automated service channels are taking in the costumer’s relationship, the transactional perspetive has been subdivided into presential and not presential. This study, based on a specific analysis for each efficiency dimensions, in the overall institution and each branches that make up your network, allowed us to gauge the institution performance in production and profitability perspetives. Face to the agency heterogeneity size checked, have been applied constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale approaches, verifying higher scores when considering the effect of each agency production scale. To consider also the future application possibilities for this methodology, by introducing qualitative variables that relate the metrics now achieved with the service quality provided to internal and external customers and demographic variable of the action areas.","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127102651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Balanced Efficiency with DEA: New Approach and Case Study of German Business Schools' Research Performance","authors":"H. Dyckhoff, Alexander Dirksen, Eleazar Mbock","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1990233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1990233","url":null,"abstract":"Cone ratios, assurance regions and similar data envelopment analysis (DEA) approaches measuring the efficiency of decision making units (DMU) restrict their ability to “show themselves in the most favorable light”. Indeed they limit the relations or the multipliers of inputs and outputs as efficiency factors and thus induce a certain balance among them. We develop an alternative approach which – based on the conventional DEA methodology and additionally to the usual efficiency score – assesses a degree of balance or balanced efficiency for each DMU. For that purpose we assume that a region within the data envelopment can be specified in which all DMUs are 100% balanced. In a case study, measuring the balanced effectiveness of German business schools’ research performance, we obtain plausible results providing informative insights into German business research. This confirms the reasonable use of the new method.","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125541454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks: Acquisition or Accumulation of Resources?","authors":"Bo H. Eriksen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1553367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1553367","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the tradeoffs between accumulating resources internally and acquiring resources in strategic factor markets. In the labor market context, I consider the performance implications of external hiring and internal development of human capital resources in a panel study of 3,033 Danish manufacturing firms. The study provides empirical evidence that hiring experienced workers is unprofitable, whereas building human capital resources internally is. Building human capital resources successfully appears in part to be conditional on a certain amount of on the job screening.","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116134632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Me‐Too Products Prevail? Performance of New Product Development and Sources of Idea Generation in China – An Emerging Market","authors":"Jian Chen, Yidi Guo","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9310.2012.00683.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2012.00683.x","url":null,"abstract":"New products developed in emerging markets such as China, India and Brazil are not only sold locally but also ‘exported’ globally, suggesting a changing landscape for global innovation. Existing literature in technology learning and capability accumulation has long held the claim that, for a certain period of time in their development, firms in latecomer countries rely on their counterparts in developed countries to get new product ideas. However, existing research in this area is generally based on case studies and historical analyses; there are few empirical studies exploring the performance consequence of learning from competitors abroad. Using large‐scale, nationwide survey data from China, we explore specifically whether learning about new product ideas from leading firms in foreign countries will lead to higher performance outcomes than other sources (i.e. domestic competitors, customers, universities or internal departments) in an emerging market. Our findings suggest that Chinese firms that source new product ideas from leading firms in foreign countries achieve overwhelmingly superior performance along financial, customer and technological dimensions. Implications to the managers and policy makers are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124560792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragmented Rights in the Commons and Anticommons: Externalities as a Function of Transaction Costs","authors":"Nicholas F. Bormann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2088337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2088337","url":null,"abstract":"Economists often envision commons and anticommons as occurring from either too few or too many rights-claimants over a good. While this perspective has an intuitive appeal, it obfuscates similarities between commons and anticommons, with significant impact on proposed policy solutions. This paper argues for a two-dimensional approach to commons and anticommons aimed at modeling the role of transaction costs. It is possible for rights to usage, rights to exclusion, or both types of rights to exhibit fragmentation of ownership. Fragmented rights along two different dimensions add to transaction costs multiplicatively. This perspective suggests that solving commons and anticommons requires more than just adding rights or taking them away. Instead, the ownership structure of rights can have as much importance as their allocation or specific content.","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124866738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Myth of First Mover Advantage","authors":"J. Pettit, E. Darner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1989078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1989078","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional wisdom would have us believe that it is always beneficial to be first – first in, first to market, first in class. The popular business literature is full of support for being first and legions of would-be business leaders, steeped in the Jack Welch school of business strategy, will argue this to be the case. The advantages accorded to those who are first to market defines the concept of First Mover Advantage (FMA). We outline why this is not the case, and in fact, that there are conditions of applicability in order for FMA to hold (and these conditions often do not hold). We also show that while there can be advantages to being first, from an economic perspective, the costs generally exceed the benefits, and the full economics of FMA are usually a losing proposition. Finally, we show that increasingly, we live in a world where FMA is eclipsed by innovation and format change, rendering the FMA concept obsolete (i.e. strategic obsolescence).","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116321335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast-Mover Advantages: Speed Capabilities and Entry into the Emerging Submarket of Atlantic Basin LNG","authors":"Ashton Hawk, Gonçalo Pacheco-de-Almeida, B. Yeung","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1988143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1988143","url":null,"abstract":"Entry timing benefits and costs typically vary with firms' capabilities. In this study, we empirically examine the entry timing implications of firms' intrinsic speed capabilities, which refer to the ability to execute investment projects faster than competitors. We hypothesize that firms with intrinsic speed capabilities face low preemption risks and, thus, can afford to wait longer for uncertainty resolution before deciding to enter new markets. This hypothesis is more applicable when investment is associated with higher levels of commitment and, thus, greater option value of waiting. A direct implication is that late entrants with intrinsic speed capabilities should have greater expected post-entry performance. We find support for these hypotheses in the Atlantic Basin liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry from 1996 to 2007.","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114863295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Note on the True Price of Factors in Barro’s Growth Model","authors":"Philippe Darreau, Francois Pigalle","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1969353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1969353","url":null,"abstract":"Barro’s model (1990), for purposes of simplification, assumes that producers internalize the learning by doing generated by capital. One consequence is that the price of capital is higher and the price of labor lower than the price of perfect competition which does not internalize the learning by doing. We show how one should properly write the 'Barro’s production function' if you will get a wage rate and interest rate corresponding to that observed in the distribution of income.","PeriodicalId":239750,"journal":{"name":"Strategy & Microeconomic Policy eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122370157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}