MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series最新文献_第4页

The Objective Value of Subjective Value: A Multi-round Negotiation Study 主观价值的客观价值:多轮谈判研究

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2008-07-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.973384

J. Curhan, Hillary Anger Elfenbein, Noah Eisenkraft

引用次数: 108

The House of Security: Stakeholder Perceptions of Security Assessment and Importance 安全之家:利益相关者对安全评估和重要性的看法

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1012426

S. Madnick, Wee Horng Ang, Yang W. Lee, Dinsha Mistree, M. Siegel, D. Strong, Richard Y. Wang

引用次数: 3

Structured Contexts with Lightweight Ontology 轻量级本体的结构化上下文

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.926605

Hongwei Zhu, S. Madnick

引用次数: 6

Adjustable Supply in Uniform-Price Auctions: The Value of Non-Commitment 均价拍卖中的可调整供给:非承诺的价值

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2005-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.657462

David McAdams

引用次数: 6

Investor Protection and the Coasian View 投资者保护和科斯的观点

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2004-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.517022

Nittai K. Bergman, Daniel Nicolaievsky

引用次数: 110

Order Stability in Supply Chains: Coordination Risk and the Role of Coordination Stock 供应链中的订单稳定性:协调风险与协调库存的作用

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2004-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.607321

Rachel T. A. Croson, K. Donohue, Elena Katok, J. Sterman

{"title":"Order Stability in Supply Chains: Coordination Risk and the Role of Coordination Stock","authors":"Rachel T. A. Croson, K. Donohue, Elena Katok, J. Sterman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.607321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.607321","url":null,"abstract":"The bullwhip effect describes the tendency for the variance of orders in supply chains to increase as one moves upstream from consumer demand. Previous research attributes this phenomenon to both operational and behavioral causes. Operational causes are features of the institutional setting that lead rational agents to amplify changes in demand, while behavioral causes arise from suboptimal decisionmaking. This paper examines causes of the bullwhip through experiments with a serial supply chain, using the Beer Distribution Game. Unlike prior studies, we control all four commonly cited operational causes of the bullwhip, including uncertainty about customer demand. We eliminate demand uncertainty completely by making customer demand constant and known to all participants. Despite these controls, order amplification, instability, and supply line underweighting remain pervasive. We propose a new behavioral cause of the bullwhip, coordination risk, that arises when players place excessive orders to address the perceived risk that others will not behave optimally. We test two strategies to mitigate coordination risk: (1) holding additional on-hand inventory, and (2) creating common knowledge by informing participants of the optimal policy. Both strategies reduce, but not eliminate, the bullwhip effect. Holding excess inventory reduces order amplification by providing a buffer against the endogenous risk of coordination failure. Such coordination stock differs from traditional safety stock, which buffers against exogenous demand uncertainty. Surprisingly, neither strategy reduces supply-line underweighting. We conclude that the bullwhip can be mitigated but its behavioral causes appear robust.","PeriodicalId":239656,"journal":{"name":"MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132529705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Heterogeneity and Network Structure in the Dynamics of Diffusion: Comparing Agent-Based and Differential Equation Models 扩散动力学中的异质性和网络结构:基于主体模型和微分方程模型的比较

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2004-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.607302

H. Rahmandad, J. Sterman

{"title":"Heterogeneity and Network Structure in the Dynamics of Diffusion: Comparing Agent-Based and Differential Equation Models","authors":"H. Rahmandad, J. Sterman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.607302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.607302","url":null,"abstract":"When is it better to use agent-based (AB) models, and when should differential equation (DE) models be used? Whereas DE models assume homogeneity and perfect mixing within compartments, AB models can capture heterogeneity across individuals and in the network of interactions among them. AB models relax aggregation assumptions, but entail computational and cognitive costs that may limit sensitivity analysis and model scope. Because resources are limited, the costs and benefits of such disaggregation should guide the choice of models for policy analysis. Using contagious disease as an example, we contrast the dynamics of a stochastic AB model with those of the analogous deterministic compartment DE model. We examine the impact of individual heterogeneity and different network topologies, including fully connected, random, Watts-Strogatz small world, scale-free, and lattice networks. Obviously, deterministic models yield a single trajectory for each parameter set, while stochastic models yield a distribution of outcomes. More interestingly, the DE and mean AB dynamics differ for several metrics relevant to public health, including diffusion speed, peak load on health services infrastructure, and total disease burden. The response of the models to policies can also differ even when their base case behavior is similar. In some conditions, however, these differences in means are small compared to variability caused by stochastic events, parameter uncertainty, and model boundary. We discuss implications for the choice among model types, focusing on policy design. The results apply beyond epidemiology: from innovation adoption to financial panics, many important social phenomena involve analogous processes of diffusion and social contagion.","PeriodicalId":239656,"journal":{"name":"MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121775565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 730

Ownership Biases and FDI in China: Two Provinces 股权偏见与中国外商直接投资:两个省份

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2004-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.721201

Yasheng Huang

引用次数: 6

Why Do We Have Managers? 我们为什么要有经理?

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2004-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.583323

B. Wernerfelt

引用次数: 1

Symmetry Points of a Convex Set: Basic Properties and Computational Complexity 凸集的对称点:基本性质和计算复杂度

MIT Sloan School of Management Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2004-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.574084

A. Belloni, R. Freund

引用次数: 1