World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy最新文献

{"title":"Peroral endoscopic myotomy in children with achalasia: A review of the literature.","authors":"Nektarios Belimezakis, Panagiota Gianni, Georgios Geropoulos, Dimitrios Giannis","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.108639","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.108639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax, accompanied by the loss of peristalsis in the esophageal body. Although more prevalent in adults, pediatric achalasia poses unique diagnostic challenges due to its atypical presentation. Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to laparoscopic Heller myotomy for managing achalasia, particularly in children, but its efficacy and safety remain under-investigated. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the role of POEM in pediatric achalasia, focusing on procedure efficacy, clinical outcomes, and safety. Key parameters included pre- and post-procedure Eckardt scores and adverse events. Comparison of outcomes with alternative interventions, such as laparoscopic myotomy and pneumatic dilation were also investigated. Currently, POEM achieves high clinical success in pediatric patients, with significant reduction in post-procedure Eckardt scores and LES pressures. Clinical success rates of up to 90% with durable symptom relief have been observed over follow-up exceeding one year. Common adverse events include mucosal injury, capnoperitoneum, and postoperative reflux. This comprehensive review reveals that POEM is as effective as laparoscopic myotomy but offers shorter hospital stay and reduced recovery time at the cost of a higher complication rate. POEM is an effective treatment for pediatric achalasia, providing durable symptom relief, comparable to traditional interventions. Future research should focus on the identification of pediatric patients that would benefit the most from POEM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 9","pages":"108639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does wire-guided cystotome dilation for difficult benign bilio-pancreatic strictures guarantee long-term patency? A narrative mini-review of the literature.","authors":"Omar Ksissa, Lorenzo Dioscoridi, Edoardo Forti, Francesco Pugliese, Marcello Cintolo, Andrea Palermo, Massimiliano Mutignani","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.106936","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.106936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Difficult benign biliary and pancreatic strictures are generally managed by using a Soehendra screw or cystotome. Many previous studies described the techniques without information even of mid-term follow-up.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To confirm the long-term patency of dilated strictures following the application of a cystotome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from analysis of the literature using appropriate key words. Technical success was defined as the ability to traverse the stricture. Clinical success was defined as drainage of biliary or pancreatic strictures and symptoms' resolution. PRISMA criteria were followed to write the present review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three papers were selected following the inclusion criteria. Our case series was added to the review of the literature. Reported technical and clinical success rates were 100% in all the studies and the rate of adverse events was reported from 9.1% to 60%. However, data on follow-up and long-term patency are scant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of a cystotome can be considered an alternative method for dilation of difficult pancreatic and biliary strictures, after the failure of conventional modalities. According to available literature, long-term results are rarely described, and this is still a crucial issue to evaluate the effectiveness of the technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 9","pages":"106936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric mucosal lesions in liver cirrhosis patients.","authors":"Elena R Olevskaya, Anastasia I Dolgushina, Dmitry V Garbuzenko, Alina O Khikhlova, Anna A Saenko, Guzel M Khusainova, Alla S Kuznetsova","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.108787","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.108787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver cirrhosis (LC) can cause a wide spectrum of gastric mucosal lesions, the main diagnostic method of which is esophagogastroduodenoscopy. In addition to gastric varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy, gastric antral vascular ectasia, portal hypertensive polyps, peptic ulcer disease can be detected. All of these leave LC patients susceptible to bleeding. If visual differential diagnosis is difficult, endoscopic ultrasound and new digital and optical endoscopic technologies such as magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging may be useful. In many cases, endoscopic technologies are also the methods of choice for the treatment of gastric mucosal lesions in LC patients. In particular, argon plasma coagulation can be used for local treatment of portal hypertensive gastropathy bleeding, and argon plasma coagulation, radiofrequency ablation or endoscopic band ligation is recommended as the main method for local treatment of gastric antral vascular ectasia bleeding. Endoscopic therapy for peptic ulcer bleeding is carried out according to the current guidelines. Besides, endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection may be used in LC patients for the treatment of early gastric cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric mucosal lesions in LC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 9","pages":"108787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in endoscopic closure techniques for endoscopic full-thickness resection.","authors":"Meng Zhang, Jiao Liu, Jiang-Ning Gu, Ke Han, Wen Jia, Peng Li, Yong Sun, Na An, Zhuo Yang","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.107157","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.107157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, the continuous advancement of endoscopic technology has led to the widespread application of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) in clinical practice. The crucial aspect of EFTR is the successful closure of the wound. Initially, endoscopic clip and nylon thread suturing was employed; subsequently, a variety of innovative suturing techniques based on that have been developed, driving ongoing technological innovation in this field. Given the unique characteristics of EFTR, an increasing number of specialized endoscopic suturing devices are being explored. This article aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy, limitations, and clinical applicability of current endoscopic closure techniques for EFTR-induced defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 9","pages":"107157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gyrus-like endoscopic changes in autoimmune gastritis with past <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection: Two case reports and review of literature.","authors":"Chuan-Chuan Tan, Xue-Li Shangguan, Xiao-Ming Lei, Fang-Fang Deng, Yang-Peng Wu, Guo-Min Zhang","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.110850","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.110850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is recognized endoscopically by the presence of antrum-sparing corpus-dominant atrophy, known as reverse atrophy. However, a past <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection can obscure this classic pattern. We present two cases of AIG with past <i>H. pylori</i> infection and highlight a novel endoscopic sign that may aid AIG recognition when typical features are absent.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>One patient reported postprandial fullness, while the other was asymptomatic. Neither had a history of <i>H. pylori</i> eradication therapy. Both tested negative on a urea breath test and positive for anti-parietal cell antibodies. In both patients, endoscopy revealed mucosal atrophy involving both the corpus and antrum, which was counter to the characteristic reverse atrophy pattern typically seen in AIG. Beyond the atrophic border, we observed a distinct pattern of gyrus-like changes, manifesting as elevated mucosa between deep fissures. Histologically, targeted biopsies from these gyrus-like areas revealed parietal cell degeneration, lymphocytic infiltration, and hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cells, consistent with early histopathologic changes seen in AIG. These results supported diagnoses of AIG with past <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gyrus-like changes may serve as a novel endoscopic clue of AIG with past <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 9","pages":"110850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early precut is useful for difficult bile duct cannulation, particularly in cases with long oral protrusion.","authors":"Toru Kaneko, Mitsuhiro Kida, Takahiro Kurosu, Gen Kitahara, Tomohiro Betto, Yutaro Saito, Shiori Koyama, Nao Nomura, Chika Kusano","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.108420","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.108420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography involves selective bile duct cannulation, which is often challenging and associated with complications. In difficult cannulation cases, early precutting is frequently used. However, its efficacy and optimal indications require further evaluation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of early precut (EP) in difficult bile duct cannulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures was performed for bile duct cannulation in patients with naive papillae who required advanced cannulation techniques (ACTs). These patients were admitted between April 2020 and March 2024 and were analyzed for risk factors, success rates, and complications. Outcomes were compared between the EP group and the conventional other ACTs group, with a focus on cases with oral protrusion large (oral protrusion-L).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The need for ACTs was identified as an independent risk factor for complications [odds ratio (OR) = 5.4; 95% confidence interval: 1.887-15.53]. Malignant biliary strictures (OR = 2.58) and oral protrusion-L (OR = 2.77) were also identified as independent risk factors for requiring ACTs. The EP group had a significantly higher second-line cannulation success rate (97.9% <i>vs</i> 73.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.001) and lower complication rate (8.3% <i>vs</i> 39.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.001) than the other ACTs group. Additionally, similar benefits were observed in the oral protrusion-L cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides compelling evidence that EP is a viable alternative and a superior strategy in cases requiring ACTs, particularly oral protrusion-L.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 9","pages":"108420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing adenoma detection rates: The case for upgrading to advanced colonoscopy technology.","authors":"Eyad Gadour","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.110170","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i9.110170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A recent study by Nishizawa <i>et al</i> presented significant findings regarding the advantages of next-generation colonoscopes, specifically the CF-XZ1200 and CF-EZ1500 models, in enhancing the adenoma and sessile serrated lesion detection rates. As colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, the implications of improved detection rates are substantial. This letter advocated the adoption of advanced colonoscopy technology, emphasizing the robust methodology of the study, including propensity score matching, which enhanced the validity of its conclusions. Notable improvements in image quality, facilitated by innovations such as 4 K resolution and texture enhancement imaging, enable endoscopists to identify even the smallest lesions, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. Given the compelling evidence presented, it is imperative for healthcare institutions to prioritize the integration of these advanced scopes into routine practice to enhance screening efficacy and reduce the burden of colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 9","pages":"110170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single balloon enteroscopy in the elderly.","authors":"Marc J Zuckerman, Majd Michael, Mohammad Bashashati, Alok K Dwivedi, Nancy A Casner, Mohamed O Othman, Sherif E Elhanafi","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i8.107867","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i8.107867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) is a minimally invasive procedure to assess and treat small bowel pathologies. The most common use is to detect suspected small bowel bleeding: Insignificant gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding or iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). The safety and feasibility of SBE in the elderly has not been adequately studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the safety and feasibility of both antegrade and retrograde SBE in elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective cohort study of all antegrade and retrograde SBE done at our center from March 2011 through May 2020. We collected patient's data including demographics, indications, findings, therapeutic interventions, and complications. The cohort was divided into 3 groups: Patients younger than 65 years (group 1), patients 65-75 years (group 2), and patients older than 75 years (group 3). We used 1-way one way analysis of variance, a <i>χ</i> ² test, and logistic regression to compare study outcomes. The primary aim was to assess diagnostic yield, therapeutic yield and rates of complications from SBE among study groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 284 SBE were performed in 227 patients. In the 227 patients, we analyzed 194 antegrade (19 in gastric bypass patients) and 33 retrograde procedures. Mean age was 62.0 (SD: 16.7), 130 patients were women (57.3%), 98 were Hispanic (43.4%), and mean body mass index was 28 (SD: 6.3). The number of patients in each group were: Group 1 (117, 51.3%), group 2 (57, 25.0%) and group 3 (53, 23.7%). Gender, ethnicity, body mass index and proportions of antegrade and retrograde were comparable between age groups. The most common indications for procedure were: Obscure GI bleeding (48%), IDA (48%), abdominal pain (14%), and others (abnormal capsule, 43%; abnormal imaging, 9.7%; diarrhea 5.3%). The elderly (group 3) were more likely to have GI bleed as the indication (42.7%, 40.4%, 67.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.004) without difference in IDA (44.4%, 56.1%, 47.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.35). Diagnostic yield was significantly higher in the elderly group (48.2%, 53.7%, 68.0%), particularly in antegrade (48.5%, 53.3%, 72.1%, <i>P</i> = 0.033). Angioectasias were the most common finding (21.0%) and present more often in the elderly (10.9%, 20.4%, 44%) (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Therapeutic interventions were also more in the elderly group (35.0%, 33.3%, 58.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.007). There were only 2 (0.9%) complications, including minor oropharyngeal hemorrhage and esophageal trauma and no deaths, with no difference among groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a retrospective analysis of SBE, we found this procedure safe and feasible in the elderly. SBE has higher diagnostic and therapeutic yields in the elderly <i>vs</i> the other age groups, mainly because of the increased small bowel angioectasias.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 8","pages":"107867"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation techniques for gastrointestinal tract defects: Two case reports.","authors":"Aleksei A Kashintsev, Roman Vladimirovich Eselevich, Dmitry Aleksandrovich Surov, Oleg Valeryevich Balyura, Vitali Proutski","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i8.109104","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i8.109104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal (GI) tract injuries and defects form a heterogeneous group of conditions often presenting with fistula formation. Management depends on factors such as defect number, anatomical location, and patient status, requiring a therapy that addresses multiple etiopathogenic factors.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We present two cases of patients who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric malignancy. A combined therapeutic approach was employed, based on isolating the injury site with local vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy and simultaneous enteral nutrition. This method facilitated successful healing and enabled the identification of previously undetected defects not recognized by conventional diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of injury site isolation, local VAC therapy, and enteral feeding proved to be safe, effective, and easily adaptable to standard surgical practice. This approach may expand surgical options in the treatment of GI tract injuries and defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 8","pages":"109104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular anomaly as a cause of late bleeding after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A case report.","authors":"Zhen-Wei Ma, Xiao-Jun Gong, Yong-Jun Chen, Bing Wang","doi":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i8.111141","DOIUrl":"10.4253/wjge.v17.i8.111141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bleeding is a serious complication, and related case reports have described various bleeding events following ERCP, including injury to the right gastroepiploic artery, bleeding from biliary varices, retroperitoneal hematoma in liver transplant recipients and subcapsular liver hematoma after ERCP.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We present a case of a 55-year-old male patient who developed post-ERCP hemorrhage one month after undergoing ERCP, endoscopic sphincterotomy, and bile duct stone removal for acute biliary pancreatitis. The patient presented with upper abdominal pain and melena, and imaging studies revealed high-density shadows in the intrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, and lower segment of the common bile duct, suggestive of bleeding. Emergency interventional embolization was performed, and subsequent endoscopic and interventional therapies were implemented to control the bleeding. The patient's hemoglobin levels gradually improved, and biliary indicators normalized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Post-ERCP bleeding can result from various etiologies, and the rupture of variant vessels is a noteworthy topic warranting further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":23953,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"17 8","pages":"111141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}