Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Organic Fertilizers and Growth stimulators on Leaf Chemical Composition of Pomegranate Seedlings (Selimi Cultivar)","authors":"Suha A. Hades, Ehsan F. Saleh","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14314","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the nursery of the Department of Horticulture and landscape, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the growing season 2022, on one year old pomegranate seedlings cv. Salimi, in order to know the impact of organic fertilizer (sheep waste) with three levels (M0=control, M1=20%, and M2=40%), and some stimuli with eight levels (S0=control, S1=5000 mg L-1 glucose, S2=100 mg L-1 IBA, S3=200 mg L-1 IBA, S4=100 mg L-1 NAA, S5=200 mg L-1 NAA, S6= 6 ml seedlings-1 Taravert Evo and S7=12 ml seedlings-1 Taravert Evo) in the chemical Composition of the leaves of these seedlings. A factorial experiment according to (RCBD) with two factors. The results showed that M2 treatment significant effect in the chemical characteristics of the leaves in N, P, K, carbohydrates and the C:N ratio reached 2.34, 0.24, 1.46, 11.74 and 5.08%. The application of growth stimulators enhanced seedlings growth, where Taravert Evo gave the best results in the leaf content of N, P, and K. As for the interaction between the treatments, the M2S6 interaction treatment achieved a significant superiority in the leaf content of N, P, K, carbohydrates and C:N ratio.","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Steviol Glycosides Production in Stevia Rebaudian Bertoni by Plant Tissue Culture Technology","authors":"Suhad A. Mahdi, Noora J. Alsaedi","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14306","url":null,"abstract":"Plant tissue culture techniques have made tremendous progress in the production of various active compounds of interest, including Steviol Glycosides in Stevia. Stevia rebaudiana is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its sweet-tasting leaves that contain active substances used as natural low-calorie sweeteners called Steviol glycosides. Because of its high sweetness and low-calorie nature, it is an alternative to sugar. However, conventional cultivation of Stevia plants for the production of Steviol Glycosides faces challenges such as long growth cycles, changes in chemical composition, and environmental determinants. Therefore, plant tissue culture is an alternative for the production of large quantities of Steviol Glycosides by altering various factors such as nutrient media, growth regulators, and response. Photovoltaic and tissue culture methods have been successfully used for plant propagation as well as the production of high-quality glycosides. Through techniques such as callus culture, organogenesis, and somatic embryo culture, large quantities of cotyledons can be rapidly established from small plant parts in a relatively short time. With further advances in tissue culture techniques and an understanding of the physiology and genetics of stevia, the potential for large-scale production of glycosides using Tissue culture methods is a promising technique for the commercial use of this natural sweetener.","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Requirements of Chickens for Nutritional Compounds for Growth, An advanced Nutritional outlook","authors":"Qana H. Ameen, Mohammed A. Mohammed, Samira H. Ameen, Sarmad A. Alsaadi","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14303","url":null,"abstract":"The science of nutrition includes the provision of balanced nutrients that meet the need of chickens (animal) to grow, maintain and continue production, and for economic reasons, these foodstuffs should be at the lowest prices, so we should provide these materials only with what the nutritional requirements need without a significant increase. However, we must provide some nutrients at higher levels in practical situations, in order to try to meet the shortage of some food components The costs of feeding chickens represent 60-70% of the total expenses in poultry projects, so the nutritionist's goal is to obtain the highest production at the lowest possible costs while making use of feed materials whenever possible. And the nutritionist must form a relationship in which all the nutrients that the bird needs are available, whether for the production of meat, table eggs or hatching eggs. In this review, we will review the basics of feeding poultry birds, the most commonly used feed materials, the nutritional needs of each bird according to its type, age, production status, how to form leeches and models of leeches that can be used, as well as diseases caused by a lack of various nutrients.","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance, Selection indices for six cotton genotypes to yield and some Components","authors":"Mahasty Mlko Sarteb, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohammed","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14327","url":null,"abstract":"According to the randomized complete block design, a field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station in the Daquq Research Station located 40 km south of Kirkuk at the longitude 28 - 44 ° east and latitude 8 - 35 ° north as a factorial experiment with three factors, six genotypes, three doses of potassium fertilizer, and two spacing between lines, the data were analyzed as a factorial experiment using the analysis of variance method, and the trait averages were compared using Duncan's multi-range test at a probability threshold of 5% for all of the traits evaluated. Montana genotype shows the superiority of No. of fruiting branches with an average of (8.15), Coker 310 genotypes No. of balls per plant with an average of (17.81), Montana genotype boll weight with an average of (4.85), and Coker 310 genotypes of Seed cotton yield per plant show an average of (87.26). While for fertilizer, it exceeded (200) Kg h-1, No. of fruiting branches with an average of (8.29), No. of balls per plant of (17.66), boll weight with an average reached (4.86), and Seed cotton yield per plant, with an average of (84.36). As for the distances between the lines, the distance exceeds 60 cm, in Seed cotton yield per plant with an average of 83.99. As for the best selection index, it was (the number of boll per plant and seed cotton yield per plant which amounted to (124.9922), and the expected genetic improvement was I1234, which included (number of fruiting branches, number of boll per plant, boll weight, and seed cotton yield per plant), which amounted to (8.7753), and the highest relative efficiency of the I2 index, which included (number of bolls per plant) as it reached 3109.95).","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of grafting loquats combined onto loquat and quince rootstocks on different dates","authors":"Rasul R. Aziz, Fakhraddin M. Hama-Salih, Ibrahim M. Noori","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14328","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out during February 20 to July 1, 2023, at the lath house in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, and aimed to investigate the impact of rootstock type and grafting time on grafting success of loquat on two rootstocks, loquat and quince, which were used for grafting the local selection cultivar of loquat at three different times (February 20, March 10, and March 30) during the dormant season. The experiment was laid down in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), involving 6 treatments, each with 5 grafts and 3 replications, resulting in 90 grafts. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range tests (P≤0.05). The loquat and quince rootstocks were grown through seed sowing and cuttings, respectively. Cleft grafting was employed as the grafting method, ensuring the cambium layers of the scion and stock in contact. Grafting success percentage, shoot length, shoot diameter, number of leaves per budling, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were evaluated. Results showed that loquat rootstock exhibited a significantly higher grafting success percentage (97.78%) compared to quince rootstock (84.44%). Regarding vegetative traits, loquat rootstock resulted in significantly longer shoots (11.74 cm) compared to quince rootstock (8.08 cm). The same rootstock showed a higher number of leaves per budling (8.47) and chlorophyll content (43.82 SPAD). Also, the highest significant grafting success percentage (100%) was achieved from the combination of loquat rootstock and two grafting times (February 20 and March 30). The combination of rootstock type and grafting time led to varying shoot characteristics.","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response Two Strawberry Cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) for foliar Application of Algae and Iron chelate Fertilizers","authors":"Kharman S. Azeez, Shlier M. Taha","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14311","url":null,"abstract":"The beginning of this study in the seasons of 2021-2022 from the orchard at agricultural training center in Erbil /Ministry of Agriculture / Kurdistan Region/ Iraq, The experiment examines the impact of Algae and Iron Chelate at three doses on growth, blooming, and yield as a foliar spray and their interactions on growth, chemical composition, production, and quality of strawberry at two strawberry cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Festival and Sabrina, using the six spraying while doing the experiment in the morning start in November 10 2021 to January 1 2022. The results showed The effect of fertilizer (Algae and Iron chelate) were significantly effect on leaf area, the value was (9.94) were obtained from Sabrina cultivar by using (6gm.L-1 algae and 2ml.L-1 iron chelate). and significantly Effect on fruit size, the value of fruit size is registered with Festival, (6 gm.L-1 algae) and (2 ml.L-1 iron chelate) which are (12.37). Also by spring (6gm.L-1 algae and 2ml.L-1 iron chelate), recorded the anthocyanin's value significant value (16.71 mg.100g-1 F.W.). Additionally, the relationship between (Cultivars + Fertilizers + Concentration) was significantly affected on leaf area, the value recorded in (sabrina + 6 gm.L-1 algae + 2ml.L-1 iron chelate) (14.46 cm2). Also was significantly affected on fruit size, the value was recorded in (sabrina + 6 gm.L-1 algae + 2 ml.L-1 iron chelate) (13.04) in comparison with untreated strawberry cultivars, on the interaction among (Sabrina + 6gm.L-1 Algae + 2ml.L-1 Iron chelate) obtained the value (10.06 mg.100g-1 F.W.), which obtained from the (sabrina + 0.0 algae+ 0.0 iron chelate).","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Econometric Analysis of the Factors Affecting Sustainable Agricultural Development in Iraq for the period (1990-2020)","authors":"Liyth I. Kh. Abdulah, Bassim F. Latif","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14336","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural investments, agricultural capital accumulations and average per capita agricultural product are considered as important factors in raising levels of sustainable agricultural development, and it is important to quantify the relationship among these factors. The study aimed to measure the impact of some factors affecting sustainable agricultural development in Iraq. The variables used in this study are agricultural investment, accumulated agricultural capital and the average per capita agricultural product as independent variables, while sustainable agricultural development represents the dependent variable. The data for these variables are the time series covered the period from 1990 to 2020 obtained from Ministry of Planning - Central Statistical Organization (COS), Statistical Group for the years (1990-2020). The Johansen's cointegration method was used to estimate the long-run equilibrium relationship among the study variables, and the Toda-Yamamato methodology was used to test the causality. The results showed the weak levels of sustainable agricultural development in Iraq during the period (1990-2020), as it did not exceed (0.160), and the reason for this may be due to the failure of most development indicators to keep pace with the increase in population as well as the unstable political and security conditions that faced Iraq during this period. Also, there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among these variables, as an average per capita agricultural product can causes the sustainable agricultural in the long-run, which requires the Ministry of Agricultural to promote the agricultural sector and pay more attention to the agricultural product, which seems to be one of the sources of sustainable agricultural development in the long-run. The research also recommends encouraging agricultural investments and overcoming obstacles towards targeted investments to promote the agricultural sector, especially investment in agricultural land reclamation, encouraging agricultural workers to maintain their work.","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of potassium fertilizer and planting dates on growth, yield, and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Fadhil H. Mukhlif, Abed ul _ lateef alkaisy, Dina Th. Hammody, Mohammed O Mousa, Suad Sh. Shahatha","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14301","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2021-2022 in one of the farmers' fields in the village of Al-Budayab, affiliated Ramadi city . The study aimed to investigate the effect of potassium fertilizer levels (120, 160, and 200) kg K ha1- and planting dates (November 15th, December 1st, December 15th) on the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of wheat . The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the levels of potassium fertilizer, with the 200 kg K ha-1 level superior to other levels in plant height 94.25 cm, leaf area 48.16 cm², number of spikes per square meter 285.60 m-², number of grains per spike 65.50 grains, 1000-grain weight 34.10 g and grain yield 6.40 ton ha-1 . Additionally, the planting dates showed significant differences, where 15th of December record a significant yield significantly higher results for the above-mentioned characteristics, measuring plant height 82.30 cm, leaf area 43.31 cm², number of spikes per square meter 270.94 m-², number of grains per spike 58.94 grains, 1000-grain weight 32.64 g and 5.36 tons. The interaction between the level of potassium fertilizer and planting dates also had a significant effect on grain yield, as the 200 kg K ha-1 level combined with the December 15th planting date resulted in the highest grain yield of 7.30 tons ha-1. Regarding the grains protein content in, the 120 kg K ha-1level recorded the highest percentage of 12.57%, and the November 15th yielded the highest percentage of 12.12% compared to the other planting dates.","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heritability and Genetic Correlation Between Productive and Biochemical Traits of White Japanese Quail","authors":"Ismail Y. AL-Hadeedy, Ayhan K. Mohammed, Samwal S. AL-Tikriti","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14320","url":null,"abstract":"Studying heritability and genetic correlation between traits is important to improvement genetic programs and indirect selection, for that, this study was conducted in the poultry field of Animal Production department - College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk for the period from 28/3/2022 to 15/1/2023, to study heritability and genetic correlation between production and biochemical traits of white Japanese quail. One day hatched white quail chicks were obtained from College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk, and reared for 35 days until reaching sexual maturity. Then chicks were randomly distributed to 30 families, with a male and a female for each family for two generations. Simple correlation between productive traits and blood biochemical were estimated, and heritability using full sibs method by variance between dam and total variances. The results of the study showed that there was a highly and significant genetic correlation between estrogen hormone in blood serum, egg production and egg mass, while a negative and highly significant genetic correlation was found between estrogen hormone and feed conversion ratio. Heritability values for productive and blood biochemical traits ranged from 0.22 to 0.42 and they considered within mediate heritability. The study recommended to use of selection programs and indirect genetic improvement based on some blood biochemical values (estrogens, total protein and glucose) due to their positive and significant association with productive traits of white Japanese quail.","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic study of pollen grains for five species of Fabaceae Family","authors":"Naznaz N. Bapir, Ali M. Galalaey","doi":"10.58928/ku23.14340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14340","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to provide valuable palynological characteristics for the identification of Fabaceae taxa, which could potentially serve as distinguishing features for closely related species differentiation. Pollen samples were collected from fully developed flowers of 25 samples, encompassing five species within the Fabaceae Family Colutea cilicica Boiss. & Balansa, Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Spartium junceum L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Anagyris foetida L. The investigation involved the utilization of both light microscopy and electron scanning microscopy. Consequently, the observed pollen grains exhibited monad symmetry and were of medium to small dimensions. These grains displayed diverse ornamentation patterns including perforations, fossulate, reticulations, regular structures, and granulations. Moreover, a wide array of outline shapes was noted for pollen grains in both equatorial and polar views. Detailed examinations were performed using both light microscopy (LM) and electron scanning microscopy (SEM) techniques, revealing distinct differentiating characteristics among the examined taxa.","PeriodicalId":239337,"journal":{"name":"Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}