Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120562
Yuanhui Su, Yu Huan, Wang Liu, Mengyue Ma, Jinkai Li, Tao Wei, Yunhui Huang, Kevin Huang
{"title":"Color-coding real-time detection for the health of lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Yuanhui Su, Yu Huan, Wang Liu, Mengyue Ma, Jinkai Li, Tao Wei, Yunhui Huang, Kevin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120562","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are pivotal energy devices in our daily lives, yet ensuring the quality and health of LIBs throughout their manufacturing and application processes remains a significant challenge. Here we propose a universal “color-coding” technique to indicate the health of LIBs, by which specific property characteristic and evolution inside LIBs can be unfolded. By defining the standard color coding for the entire manufacturing and application processes of LIBs, we show the change in material characteristics during various processes can be described by variations in standard color coding. Therefore, by establishing a universal color-property database, the proposed “color-coding” method has potential to be used as a practical tool to ensure the quality of materials and healthy operation of batteries.","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120569
N.F. Shkodich, T. Smoliarova, H. Ali, B. Eggert, Z. Rao, M. Spasova, I. Tarasov, H. Wende, K. Ollefs, B. Gault, M. Farle
{"title":"Effect of high energy ball milling, heat treatment and spark plasma sintering on structure, composition, thermal stability and magnetism in CoCrFeNiGax (x = 0.5; 1) high entropy alloys","authors":"N.F. Shkodich, T. Smoliarova, H. Ali, B. Eggert, Z. Rao, M. Spasova, I. Tarasov, H. Wende, K. Ollefs, B. Gault, M. Farle","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120569","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocrystalline (∼10 nm) singe-<em>fcc</em> CoCrFeNiGa<sub>x</sub> (x = 0.5, 1.0) high entropy alloy (HEA) particles with excellent structural and compositional homogeneity were prepared from elemental powders using a single-step, short-term (190 min) high energy ball milling (HEBM) at room temperature (RT). Both HEA powders exhibit paramagnetic behaviour at RT with a small ferromagnetic contribution at low fields (the saturation magnetization <em>M</em><sub>s</sub>= 4.5 Am<sup>2</sup>/kg – 7.5 Am<sup>2</sup>/kg; the average Curie temperature <em>T</em><sub>c</sub> = 130 K – 150 K). They are thermally stable up to 1295 K–1305 K despite the low melting Ga (302.9 K). Heat treatment up to 1000 K enhances <em>M</em><sub>s</sub> to 59.9 Am<sup>2</sup>/kg and <em>T</em><sub>c</sub> to 740 K for the CoCrFeNiGa HEA powder due to an irreversible <em>fcc</em>→<em>bcc</em> structural transformation, whereas the magnetic properties of CoCrFeNiGa<sub>0.5</sub> do not show this enhancement. In-situ TEM heating reveals nanosized σ-phase Cr-rich precipitates (< 50 nm) at 875 K only for the CoCrFeNiGa HEA powder. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) of powders produces homogeneous nanocrystalline bulk HEAs. SPS at 1073 K of the CoCrFeNiGa<sub>0.5</sub> powder increased the crystallinity of the <em>fcc</em> phase. Three-dimensional local compositional mapping at atomic resolution by atom probe tomography indicates a homogeneous distribution of all elements. Bulk HEAs exhibit similar magnetic behavior to heat-treated HEA powders. Combining HEBM and SPS yields homogeneous bulk HEAs with low-melting Ga and enhanced structural, composition, thermal stability, as well as improved magnetic properties (<em>M</em><sub>s</sub> = 55Am<sup>2</sup>/kg and <em>T</em><sub>c</sub> = 750 K), which 45% and 47 K higher, respectively, compared to conventional melting approaches.","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120571
Tian-Le Cheng, Fei Xue, Yinkai Lei, Richard P. Oleksak, Ömer N. Doğan, You-Hai Wen
{"title":"Phase-Field Modeling of Thermally-Grown Oxide and Damage Evolution in Environmental Barrier Coatings","authors":"Tian-Le Cheng, Fei Xue, Yinkai Lei, Richard P. Oleksak, Ömer N. Doğan, You-Hai Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120571","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon carbide-based ceramic matrix composites protected by environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) present a promising materials solution for next-generation gas turbines. Developming more robust and efficient EBCs is therefore of significant technological importance. During the service in high-temperature oxidative environments, there is a thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer, spontaneously formed in the EBC system. TGO is recognized as a critical factor for the degradation and failure of EBCs, yet the detailed mechanisms of TGO growth and its effect on EBC failure remain unclear. In this study we develop a comprehensive chemo-mechano-phase-field model to simulate growth of the TGO in EBCs, factoring in creep and deformation, and especially the cracking behaviors. The volume expansion due to TGO growth and the resulting large inelastic deformation are addressed by using our recently developed, so-called incremental realization of inelastic deformation (IRID) algorithm, in combination with an adapted Hu-Chen spectral solver for elasticity. Simulations of TGO growth are performed considering different growth modes of TGOs determined mainly by the ratio of oxidant permeability in the topcoat to that in the TGO itself. Large-scale three-dimensional (3D) simulations are performed to model the formation of interconnecting vertical/channel cracks (often called ‘mud cracks’). The simulated crack morphology are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations from the literature. The simulations also provide insights into the cracking of EBCs and its dependence on the structure and constituent properties of the coating system. These results demonstrate the developed damage model can be a useful tool for design of more durable EBCs.","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120572
Hongchao Li, Jun Wang, Wenyuan Zhang, Jiawang Zhao, Jinshan Li, M.W. Fu
{"title":"Achieving superior ductility with ultrahigh strength via deformation and strain hardening in the non-recrystallized regions of the heterogeneous-structured high-entropy alloy","authors":"Hongchao Li, Jun Wang, Wenyuan Zhang, Jiawang Zhao, Jinshan Li, M.W. Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120572","url":null,"abstract":"Developing metallic structural materials with ultra-high strength and exceptional ductility remains a significant challenge due to the trade-off between both properties. This study presents a heterogeneous-structured high-entropy alloy achieving a superior combination of strength and ductility compared to the reported heterogeneous-structured HEAs through deformation and strain hardening in the non-recrystallized regions. The cold rolling followed by annealing at 760°C resulted in a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of a small fraction of ultrafine recrystallized grains and extensive non-recrystallized regions, with a significant amount of L1<sub>2</sub> precipitates throughout the alloy. The architected microstructure led to a significant enhancement of yield strength through mechanisms including dislocation strengthening, L1<sub>2</sub> strengthening, and grain boundary strengthening. During the deformation, the non-recrystallized regions accommodated substantial strain through the reactivation of pre-existing deformation bands and the synergistic deformation of the FCC and L1<sub>2</sub> phases, thereby markedly enhancing ductility. Moreover, the metastable FCC matrix underwent FCC→BCC phase transformation, leading to the formation of numerous short-range BCC domains, which further contributed to the pronounced strain hardening. Consequently, the alloy annealing at 760 °C achieved a yield strength of 1.73 GPa, an ultimate strength of 2.05 GPa, and an elongation of 21.0%. This study underscores a novel strategy for the concurrent enhancement of strength and ductility and provides valuable insights for the design of high-performance alloys.","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120535
Zhengqing Liu , Peipei Ma , Yong Jiang , Fuhua Cao , Yong Zhang , Chunhui Liu
{"title":"Structural relevance among nano-phases along the common habit planes {111} and its implications for the design of cross-over Al alloys","authors":"Zhengqing Liu , Peipei Ma , Yong Jiang , Fuhua Cao , Yong Zhang , Chunhui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ω, T<sub>1</sub>, Y, η' and η nano-phases in different series Al alloys are known to all precipitate along the major slip planes {111}<sub>Al</sub>. Their precipitation in multi-element cross-over Al alloys could thus be very intricate. In this work, atomic resolution HAADF-STEM and first-principles calculations were combined to comprehensively investigate their atomic structures and energetics in a set of model Al alloys. Our results revealed that they all tend to initially form a 2D layered structure consisting of an isostructural (Al,Cu) O-unit along the {111}, and that their further evolution sensitively depends on alloy composition. Alloying with Mg and/or Ag stabilizes the O-units to form a single-layer Ω (SL-Ω or Ω') in Al-Cu-Mg(-Ag) alloys. Alloying with Li stabilizes O-units to form SL-T<sub>1</sub> in Al-Cu-Li alloys. Alloying with Mg and Zn stabilizes O-units to form SL-Y in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. For cross-over Al alloys with a low Mg+Zn and low Li content, O-units would grow into O-O pairs to induce the SL-Ω (Ω') → multi-layer (ML)-Ω transformation. Increasing the Li content helps SL-T<sub>1</sub> grow continuously or transform into ML-T<sub>1</sub> with an O-O'-O stacking. Both mechanisms take actions to suppress ML-Ω. For cross-over Al alloys with high Mg+Zn content, O-units grow into O-R pairs and further into R-R<sup>−1</sup> pairs, inducing the transformation of SL-Ω/T<sub>1</sub>/Y → η' → η in strong preference over Ω and T<sub>1</sub> in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu(-Ag)(-Li) alloys. These results can fundamentally explain diverse experimental observations and provide many profound perspectives on the competitive precipitation in cross-over Al alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 120535"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120558
Ali K. Shargh , Christopher D. Stiles , Jaafar A. El-Awady
{"title":"Deep learning accelerated phase prediction of refractory multi-principal element alloys","authors":"Ali K. Shargh , Christopher D. Stiles , Jaafar A. El-Awady","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tunability of the mechanical properties of refractory multi-principal-element alloys (RMPEAs) makes them attractive for numerous high-temperature applications. It is well-established that the phase stability of RMPEAs controls their mechanical properties. In this study, we develop a deep learning framework that is trained on a CALPHAD-derived database and is predictive of RMPEA phases with high accuracy up to eight phases within the elemental space of Ti, Fe, Al, V, Ni, Nb, and Zr with an accuracy of approximately 90 %. We further investigate the causes for the low out-of-domain performance of the deep learning models in predicting phases of RMPEAs with new elemental sets and propose a strategy to mitigate this performance shortfall. While our proposed approach shows marginal improvement in accurately predicting the phases of RMPEAs with new elemental sets, we should emphasize that overcoming the out-of-domain problem remains largely challenging, particularly in materials science where there are missing elements or absent material classes in training data hindering predictions, thus slowing the discovery of new potential materials. Predicting phase competition is inherently difficult due to the very small differences in free energies (on the order of meV/atom) that govern competing phases. Current deep learning models, including ours, face significant limitations in capturing these subtle energy differences. Accordingly, more substantial future work is needed to fully address this challenge and achieve robust out-of-domain predictions in complex alloy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 120558"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixed atomic-scale electronic configuration as a strategy to avoid cocatalyst utilization in photocatalysis by high-entropy oxides","authors":"Jacqueline Hidalgo-Jiménez , Taner Akbay , Xavier Sauvage , Tatsumi Ishihara , Kaveh Edalati","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the activity of photocatalysts for hydrogen production and CO<sub>2</sub> conversion, noble metal cocatalysts as electron traps and/or acceptors such as platinum or gold are usually utilized. This study hypothesizes that mixing elements with heterogeneous electronic configurations and diverse electronegativities can provide both acceptor and donor sites of electrons to avoid using cocatalysts. This hypothesis was examined in high-entropy oxides (HEOs), which show high flexibility for atomic-scale compositional changes by keeping their single- or dual-phase structure. A new high-entropy oxide was designed and synthesized by mixing elements with an empty d orbital (titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum) and a fully occupied d orbital (gallium). The oxide, synthesized by high-pressure torsion followed by calcination, had two phases (88 wt% orthorhombic (<em>Pbcn</em>) and 12 wt% monoclinic (<em>I2/m</em>)) with an overall composition of TiZrNbTaGaO<sub>10.5</sub>. It exhibited UV and visible light absorbance with a low bandgap of 2.5 eV, low radiative electron-hole recombination and oxygen vacancy generation due to mixed valences of cations. It successfully acted as a photocatalyst for CO and CH<sub>4</sub> production from CO<sub>2</sub> conversion and hydrogen production from water splitting without cocatalyst addition. These findings confirm that introducing heterogeneous electronic configurations and electronegativities can be considered as a design criterion to avoid the need to use cocatalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 120559"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Architected materials informatics: Construction and application to cellular-structured heat sink optimization","authors":"Asuka Suzuki , Hideto Nakatani , Soya Nakagawa , Makoto Kobashi , Yoshiyuki Tsuji","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing permits intentionally controlling the geometry of architected materials to achieve desired properties. It is important to design and optimize the geometry of architected materials within a wide search space. This study integrates Voronoi tessellation and informatics to construct architected materials informatics for geometry optimization. Voronoi tessellation can design diverse architected materials by dividing a design space with bisecting planes between arbitrarily arranged seed points and replacing the bisecting plane edges with solid struts. The neural network surrogate model predicts the properties of the architected materials based on the seed point coordinates and the strut radius. The genetic algorithm inversely analyzes the surrogate model to optimize the seed point coordinates and strut radius directly linked to the optimized architected material geometry. This framework rapidly optimized the geometry of cellular-structured heat sinks, optimally balancing pressure loss and heat transfer (Pareto front) under forced convection. The optimized geometry of the Pareto front was validated using computational fluid dynamics and experiments. In addition, the data obtained during the optimization was analyzed to develop a strategy to improve the pressure loss and heat transfer trade-off. This study provides architected materials informatics framework to optimize the geometry of architected materials for diverse applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 120557"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120550
Dewang Cui , Yiwei Wang , Ziqi Cao , Kun He , Xiaoyong Wu , Guang Ran
{"title":"Origin and fate of loop punching in Mo-5Re alloy","authors":"Dewang Cui , Yiwei Wang , Ziqi Cao , Kun He , Xiaoyong Wu , Guang Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loop punching is the basic physical process of lattice expansion due to the introduction of insoluble gas atoms into the crystalline metals leading to the emission of interstitial atoms and even the formation of prismatic dislocations loops, which therefore dominate the degradation of the material. Despite more than half a century of research, experimentally capturing its fundamental process is still lacking, resulting in known mechanisms being speculated and inferred. Here, we reported for the first time the clearest and most direct experimental details of loop punching and proposed a new mechanism. According to the in-situ experiment, the origin and fate of loop punching were detailed into four stages: incubation, loop punching, synergetic growth, and interaction. At temperatures above ∼ 0.4 T<sub>m</sub>, the nucleation and growth of dislocation loops became completely induced by bubble growth, which provided direct evidence of loop punching. The critical bubble size window for experimentally detectable loop punching was defined and evaluated, showing that it became wider and increased in average value with increasing temperature, which made that the critical energetics required for loop punching were further quantified. Furthermore, the subsequent fate of punched-out loops involved not only their mutual coalescence to form super-large 〈111〉 loops but also interactions with adjacent bubbles, during which the bubbles acted as pinning sites decorating the loop edges and mediating their growth. These results provide a comprehensive new understanding of the loop punching mechanism and promisingly contribute to the development of related theories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 120550"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120554
Yang Zuo , Yu Fu , Renlong Xiong , Huabei Peng , Hui Wang , Yuhua Wen , Seon-Gyu Kim , Donghwa Lee , Hyoung Seop Kim
{"title":"Cryogenic deformation strengthening mechanisms in FeMnSiNiAl high-entropy alloys","authors":"Yang Zuo , Yu Fu , Renlong Xiong , Huabei Peng , Hui Wang , Yuhua Wen , Seon-Gyu Kim , Donghwa Lee , Hyoung Seop Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of a newly developed Co-free FeMnSiNiAl high entropy alloy (HEA) at room and cryogenic temperatures were systematically investigated. The initial tensile deformation at room temperature was dominated by dislocation slipping, with modest strengthening from the Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) effect due to the deformation-induced FCC → HCP martensitic transformation. Subsequently, the TRIP effect was markedly enhanced during the middle and later stages of deformation, leading to an excellent combination of yield strength (<em>σ</em><sub>y</sub>, 315.1 MPa), ultimate tensile strength (<em>σ</em><sub>u</sub>, 773.4 MPa), and fracture elongations (<em>ε</em><sub>f</sub>, 78.3 %). The strengthening by the TRIP effect was significantly enhanced at cryogenic temperatures as a result of enhanced FCC → HCP martensitic transformation. This resulted in a synergetic improvement in strength and ductility at 223 K, with <em>σ</em><sub>y</sub> of 363.6 MPa, <em>σ</em><sub>u</sub> of 832.1 MPa, and <em>ε</em><sub>f</sub> of 87.2 %. The enhanced ductility at 223 K was linked to the FCC → HCP → BCC sequential martensitic transformation during the middle and later stages of deformation, which acted as an additional way to accommodate plastic strain and delay strain localization. However, the rapid FCC → HCP transformation at the early stage of deformation at 173 K and 77 K impeded the FCC → HCP → BCC sequential martensitic transformation during subsequent deformation stages, thus remarkably enhancing strength but reducing ductility. Our findings provide new insights into the design and development of TRIP-assisted single-phase FCC HEAs for cryogenic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 120554"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}