Acta Materialia最新文献

{"title":"On pipe diffusion of rhenium along misfit-dislocation-networks in Ni-base single crystal superalloys","authors":"Rico Zehl ,&nbsp;Nicolas Karpstein ,&nbsp;Aparna Saksena ,&nbsp;Oliver Martin Horst ,&nbsp;Aleksander Kostka ,&nbsp;Baptiste Gault ,&nbsp;Alfred Ludwig ,&nbsp;Suzana G. Fries ,&nbsp;Erdmann Spiecker ,&nbsp;Guillaume Laplanche ,&nbsp;Gunther Eggeler","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores whether the diffusion of Re in the γ-phase of Ni-base superalloy single crystals is accelerated along fine dislocation networks that have formed at γ/γʹ-interfaces during high-temperature and low-stress creep. Diffusion couples of Re-enriched superalloy thin films were sputter deposited onto (100) planes of two Re-free single-crystalline nickel-base superalloys with different microstructures. One consisted of an as-processed microstructure with cuboidal γʹ-particles separated by thin γ-channels, with a low dislocation density. The other featured continuous γʹ-rafts parallel to the [100] direction with fine dislocation networks at the γ/γʹ-interfaces. The rafted structure was produced by 2 % creep deformation along the [001] direction at 1000 °C and 240 MPa. Analytical transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography revealed that the diffusion of Re into the γ-phase was not accelerated by the presence of dislocation networks at the γ/γʹ-interfaces of the rafted microstructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121656"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a solute-engineering strategy for achieving excellent corrosion resistance in weathering steel","authors":"X.H. Liu ,&nbsp;X.Y. Cui ,&nbsp;C.L. Jiang ,&nbsp;S.P Ringer ,&nbsp;G. Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing corrosion resistance in weathering steels requires understanding how alloying elements capture corrosive species. Here, we investigate a Sb-bearing weathering steel exposed to SO₂-rich environments for up to 12 months using multiscale characterization and density functional theory calculation. The ultrafine-grained layer (UGL) and transition layer (TL) are identified as key barriers protecting the steel substrate. Advanced microscopy and microanalysis reveal that Sb, P, Cu, and Si correlate positively with S within Cr-rich oxide nanoparticles at grain boundaries (GBs) of the UGL. Enrichment of Cr, Ni, Sb, P, and Cu in these layers promotes efficient S trapping. Furthermore, segregation of Cr, Sb, P, Si, and Cu at UGL GBs captures both O and S ions through nanoparticle formation, suppressing their diffusion toward the substrate. These results demonstrate a solute engineering strategy: tailoring Cr, Sb, P, Si, and Cu enrichment in the UGL and its GBs to establish robust corrosion barriers in aggressive environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121988"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving superior high-temperature strength–ductility synergy in a Cu–Ag–Zr alloy via trace Ce doping induced atomic substitution and precipitate refinement","authors":"Xiang Wu,&nbsp;Wenfeng Pang,&nbsp;Tianle Li,&nbsp;Jingxia Sun,&nbsp;Xiaochun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-conductivity copper alloys often suffer from severe degradation in strength and ductility at elevated temperatures, limiting their applications under extreme thermal conditions. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of a trace amount of Ce (0.2 wt. %) to a Cu–Ag–Zr alloy leads to exceptional high-temperature mechanical properties without significantly compromising thermal conductivity. Ce efficiently scavenges free oxygen and metallic impurities, leading to grain boundary purification and dispersion strengthening through nano-sized rare earth oxide particles. Consequently, this significantly improves the alloy's high-temperature strength and ductility while preserving its high thermal conductivity. Concurrently, the addition of Ce refines submicron secondary phase particles and increases their number density, resulting in a substantial decrease in the final grain size due to the recrystallization of PSN nuclei. Furthermore, Ce suppresses both discontinuous precipitation and coarsening of nanoscale Ag precipitates, thereby reinforcing the Zener pinning effect of the secondary phase on grain boundaries and inhibiting grain coarsening during recrystallization. These mechanisms work together to refine the grains, prevent grain coarsening during heating, and enhance the high-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy. This work establishes a viable strategy for optimizing the high-temperature performance of Cu–Ag–Zr alloys without compromising thermal conductivity, offering direct guidance for their application in high temperature service environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 122011"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Interstitial Solutes in Refractory Complex Concentrated Alloys via a Combined Experimental and Computational Workflow: A Case Study on Oxygen in NbTaTiHf","authors":"Aomin Huang ,&nbsp;Siya Zhu ,&nbsp;Calvin Belcher ,&nbsp;Ryker Rigsby ,&nbsp;Diran Apelian ,&nbsp;Raymundo Arróyave ,&nbsp;Enrique J. Lavernia","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.122019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs), composed of multiple principal refractory elements, are promising candidates for high-temperature structural applications due to their exceptional thermal stability and high melting points. However, their mechanical performance is often compromised by interstitial impurities—particularly oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon—which segregate to grain boundaries and promote embrittlement. In this study, we investigate the solubility and thermodynamic behavior of oxygen interstitials in a model Nb₄₅Ti₂₅Hf₁₅Ta₁₅ RCCA system. We synthesized (Nb₄₅Ti₂₅Hf₁₅Ta₁₅)_100-xO_x alloys with varying oxygen contents (x=0–5 at.%) via plasma arc melting and characterized their phase evolution and microstructure using XRD, SEM, and TEM. Complementary computational modeling was performed using machine-learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) integrated with Monte Carlo simulations to probe oxygen interactions at the atomic scale. Our results reveal an effective solubility limit for oxygen between 0.8 and 1.0 at.%, beyond which HfO₂ formation is energetically favorable. This combined experimental–computational framework provides a predictive approach for managing interstitial behavior in RCCAs, enabling improved alloy design strategies for enhanced mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 122019"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal stability and ion irradiation response of refined grained V – 4Cr – 4Ti","authors":"Skye Supakul ,&nbsp;Eda Aydogan ,&nbsp;Mert Efe ,&nbsp;Matthew Vigil ,&nbsp;Bochuan Sun ,&nbsp;Ishtiaque Robin ,&nbsp;Kayla Yano ,&nbsp;Wei-Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Damian Sobieraj ,&nbsp;Jan S. Wrόbel ,&nbsp;Duc Nguyen-Manh ,&nbsp;Enrique Martinez ,&nbsp;Dan Thoma ,&nbsp;Stuart Maloy ,&nbsp;Osman El-Atwani","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanadium-based alloys such as V-4Cr-4Ti are of interest as candidates for low activation structural materials for advanced nuclear reactors. One of the major challenges of vanadium-based alloys is their thermal stability and improving their mechanical properties at higher temperature ranges (&gt; 600°C). This work explores refining the grain microstructure of V-4Cr-4Ti by arc melting and subsequently large strain extrusion machining specimens to produce a multimodal microstructure largely composed of nanocrystalline and ultrafine grain sizes. <em>In-situ</em> thermal stability of the multimodal V-4Cr-4Ti to 800°C shows the formation of vanadium carbides with negligible grain growth. <em>In-situ</em> dual-beam 16 KeV He⁺ and 1 MeV Kr²⁺ ion irradiation performed at 700°C to a final dose of ∼5 displacements per atom show the formation of small cavities well distributed throughout the system, with preferential clustering at grain boundaries. This work provides insight into how the increased fraction of grain boundaries affect the simultaneous dual beam ion irradiation response of multimodal V – 4 wt.% Cr – 4 wt.% Ti at elevated temperatures. Analysis of the cavities reveal an areal density of 0.024±0.007 cavities/nm² and swelling of 0.236% after the dual-beam ion irradiation. Nanoindentation shows a ∼50% increase in hardening after the ion irradiation at 700°C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121977"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of dynamic strain aging and dynamic precipitation in the Portevin–Le Châtelier effect in an Al-Mg-Zn-based crossover aluminum alloy","authors":"Xiuzhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Shaolou Wei ,&nbsp;Haonan Guo ,&nbsp;Zhufeng He ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Wu Gong ,&nbsp;Stefanus Harjo ,&nbsp;Dengshan Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhihui Li ,&nbsp;Deliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Dierk Raabe ,&nbsp;Gaowu Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamic strain aging (DSA), a phenomenon prevalent in many metallic alloys, arises from interactions between mobile solute atoms and dislocations. At certain temperatures and strain rates, these interactions cause strain localization beyond critical strains, manifesting as serrations in stress-strain curves — known as the Portevin–Le Châtelier (PLC) effect. While current DSA models focus on edge dislocations interacting with solutes, implicitly attributing the PLC effect to aged edge dislocations, in this work, we highlight a critical role for screw dislocations. Through systematic tensile testing of an Al-Mg-Zn-based crossover solid-solution alloy at room temperature for strain rates ranging from 0.00005 to 0.1 s⁻¹, we demonstrate that DSA and strain-induced dynamic precipitation concurrently govern the serration behavior. At low strain rates (e.g. 0.0001 s⁻¹), DSA-assisted precipitation leads to Type C serrations at larger strains, whereas high strain rates (e.g. 0.1 s⁻¹) suppress precipitation (i.e. sole DSA), resulting in Type A serrations at lower strains. High-energy X-ray diffraction analysis shows screw dislocations dominating early deformation, and decreasing in proportion as strain increases. Transmission electron microscopy probing reveals suppressed cross-slip and plastic flow localization at 0.0001 s⁻¹. At 0.1 s⁻¹, however, frequent cross-slip initiates early dislocation microbands that expand laterally. Screw dislocations within these microbands drive Type A serrations — demonstrating their primary role, not edge dislocations. We develop a constitutive model incorporating DSA-assisted mobile and forest dislocation strengthening, predicting the alloy's flow behavior across a wide strain rate range. This work advances understanding of solute-dislocation interactions and unstable deformation, providing new insights for modeling DSA in engineering alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121990"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct measurement of the Gibbs free energy of mixing via atom probe tomography","authors":"Jianshu Zheng,&nbsp;Rüya Duran,&nbsp;Parisha Diwan,&nbsp;Guido Schmitz,&nbsp;Sebastian M. Eich","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of thermodynamic free energy plays a central role across various disciplines, providing critical insights into system dynamics, energy flow, and sustainability. In materials science, Gibbs free energies are typically determined through phase diagram modeling, which relies on a broad range of thermodynamic data. This process requires the investigation of well-equilibrated materials, a task that can be time-consuming or even impractical for systems with low mobility. In this study, we introduce a novel methodology for extracting the composition dependence of the Gibbs free energy of mixing from <em>local</em> composition fluctuations in solids using atom probe tomography (APT). We present both the theoretical framework and practical implementation through computational simulations, as well as experimental validation using APT data from Cu–Ni alloys. The experimental phase diagram constructed from the resulting Gibbs free energy of mixing shows excellent agreement with CALPHAD-based predictions. This approach provides superior accuracy and efficiency, as equilibration on the nanometer scale can be achieved in a relatively short time. It holds promising potential for application to multi-component solids, liquids, and organic systems, particularly with emerging techniques like cryo-APT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121950"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taming intermediate-temperature brittleness in additively manufactured multi-component alloys via dual-effect alloying","authors":"Lei Fan ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Wei ,&nbsp;Yujia Tian ,&nbsp;Zhenfei Jiang ,&nbsp;Hou Yi Chia ,&nbsp;Zixu Guo ,&nbsp;Daijun Hu ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Zeng ,&nbsp;Kun Zhou ,&nbsp;Jun Ding ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Wentao Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving reliable ductility while maintaining high strength in additively manufactured (AMed) multi-component alloys (MCAs) at intermediate temperatures (ITs) has remained elusive, owing to the long-standing issue of IT brittleness. In this work, Ni_57-xCo_xFe₂₀Cr₂₀Nb₃ (<em>x</em> = 0, 19, 28.5, and 38) MCAs are produced by laser powder bed fusion to examine a valence electron concentration (VEC)-guided alloy design strategy in which Co alloying exerts a bifunctional role by concurrently tuning precipitation pathways and matrix deformability. Partial substitution of Ni with Co reduces the overall VEC of MCAs, destabilizing the incoherent and brittle D0_a phase while promoting the formation of coherent L1₂ precipitates that remain stable even after prolonged IT annealing. Furthermore, Co reduces the stacking fault (SF) energy of the FCC matrix, thereby activating a spectrum of SF- and twin-mediated deformation modes including SFs, twins, hierarchical SF networks, and Lomer–Cottrell locks, facilitating a dynamic transition from IT brittleness to IT ductileness without sacrificing ambient-temperature performance. Consequently, the Co-rich MCA attains an ultimate tensile strength of 1032 MPa with ∼24 % elongation at 973 K, accompanied by the formation of a compact protective oxide layer near the fracture surface. Such synergized effects suppress local stress intensification, sustain strain hardening, and extend plastic deformability across a wide temperature range. Overall, these findings establish bifunctional Co alloying as a broadly applicable route for overcoming IT brittleness in AMed MCAs, offering a robust design framework for next-generation structural alloys with high mechanical resilience across service-relevant temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121992"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cascade model for the defect-driven etching of porous GaN distributed Bragg reflectors","authors":"Ben Thornley ,&nbsp;Maruf Sarkar ,&nbsp;Saptarsi Ghosh ,&nbsp;Martin Frentrup ,&nbsp;Menno J. Kappers ,&nbsp;Thom R. Harris-Lee ,&nbsp;Rachel A. Oliver","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fabrication of porous GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) via the selective electrochemical etching of conductive Si-doped layers, separated by non-intentionally doped (NID) layers, provides a straightforward methodology for producing highly reflective DBRs suitable for device overgrowth and integration, which has otherwise proven difficult in the III-nitride epitaxial system via conventional alloying. Such photonic materials can be fabricated by a lithography-free defect-driven etching process, where threading dislocations intrinsic to heteroepitaxy form nanoscale channels that facilitate etchant transport through NID layers. Here, we report the first three-dimensional characterisation of porous GaN-on-Si DBRs fabricated in this methodology with different etching voltages, using serial-section tomography in a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM). These datasets reconstruct the pore morphology as etching proliferates through the alternating Si-doped/NID layer stack. Volumetric reconstruction enabled us to enhance the established ‘kebab’ model for defect-driven etching by proposing a ‘cascade’ model where the etchant cascades through the material via vertical etching down nanopipes and horizontal etching across pores, forming complex networks directly related to the pathways taken. This accounts for premature nanopipe termination and discontinuities in nanopipe formation, where dislocations are observed to activate and deactivate individually. Statistical analysis of individual etching behaviour, across all dislocations for each tomograph, revealed a greater tendency to form continuous structures that follow conventional ‘kebab’ behaviour at higher etching voltages. We propose that higher etching voltages alter the probability of dislocation etching relative to doped layer etching, thereby empowering morphological optimisation through improved mechanistic understanding of electrochemical etching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121957"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic-scale strain fluctuations as an origin for elastic microstructures in metallic glasses","authors":"Reza Rashidi ,&nbsp;Olivia Vaerst ,&nbsp;Birte Riechers ,&nbsp;Harald Rösner ,&nbsp;Gerhard Wilde ,&nbsp;Robert Maaß","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2026.121982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallic glasses (MGs) exhibit an elastic microstructure that spans from a few to hundreds of nanometers, the origin of which continues to remain poorly understood. Here we employ four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) on a Zr₆₅Cu₂₅Al₁₀ (at. %) bulk MG. Mapping local diffraction patterns over representative areas also probed elastically with automated nanoindentation, two comparable correlation length scales have been identified. Specifically, local diffraction patterns are analyzed with respect to their ellipticity, revealing systematic fluctuations between positive and negative volumetric strains. A power spectrum analysis of the strain fluctuations returns a dominant length scale of the order of 100 nm, which is very much compatible with what elastic property mapping indicates. Annealing reduces the magnitude of the statistical strain fluctuations, without strongly affecting the associated fluctuation length scale. These findings demonstrate that atomic-scale strains are very likely the origin of the structurally unexpected large elastic fluctuations obtained in nanoscale contact mechanics experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 121982"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}