Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120326
Florian Hengsbach , Julius Bürger , Anatolii Andreiev , Krista Biggs , Jörg Fischer-Bühner , Jörg K.N Lindner , Kay-Peter Hoyer , Gregory B. Olson , Mirko Schaper
{"title":"Die steel design for additive manufacturing","authors":"Florian Hengsbach , Julius Bürger , Anatolii Andreiev , Krista Biggs , Jörg Fischer-Bühner , Jörg K.N Lindner , Kay-Peter Hoyer , Gregory B. Olson , Mirko Schaper","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel printable die steel was computationally designed and experiemtnally validated for selective laser melting (SLM), utilizing the advantages of the rapid solidification processes. During gas atomization, nanoscale TiN particles are intended to be <em>in situ</em> precipitated at 1790 °C, nucleating δ-ferritic grains. Additionally, the chemical composition is adjusted to stabilize a complete δ-ferritic solidification via Scheil modeling to enhance the printability of the die steel. This work further introduces the concept of the matrix die steels aiming to dissolve solidification and primary carbides during solutionizing at a targeted temperature of 1100 °C. Thus, the C-content is reduced to 1.4 mol.-% (0.3 wt.-%) compared to the benchmark H13 die steel which contains 1.85 mol.-% (0.4 wt.-%). Even though a lower C-content is used, optimizing M<sub>2</sub>C driving force during tempering enables the die steel to achieve a peak hardness of 536 HV . Lastly, a superior thermal conductivity of 40 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> is predicted at 450 °C for the BCC matrix of the printable matrix die steel. The material design is based on thermo-chemical models interfaced with thermodynamic calculations as implemented in the Calculated Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 120326"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120537
Michael O. Buzzy , David Montes de Oca Zapiain , Adam P. Generale , Surya R. Kalidindi , Hojun Lim
{"title":"Active learning for the design of polycrystalline textures using conditional normalizing flows","authors":"Michael O. Buzzy , David Montes de Oca Zapiain , Adam P. Generale , Surya R. Kalidindi , Hojun Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generative modeling has opened new avenues for solving previously intractable materials design problems. However, these new opportunities are accompanied by a drastic increase in the required amount of training data. This is in stark juxtaposition to the high expense and difficulty in curating such large materials datasets. In this work, we propose a novel framework for integrating generative models within an active learning loop. This enables the training of generative models with datasets significantly smaller than what has previously been demonstrated, providing a direct route for their application in data constrained environments. The functionality of this framework is then demonstrated by addressing the challenge of designing polycrystalline textures associated with target anisotropic mechanical properties. The developed protocol exhibited a cost reduction between 14 to 18 times over a randomly sampled experimental design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 120537"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kinetics of pearlite transformation: The effect of grain boundary engineering","authors":"Poorna Chander Kokkula , Santigopal Samanta , Sumantra Mandal , Shiv Brat Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the effect of grain boundary engineering (GBE) on the pearlite transformation in high-Mn steel. Towards this, as-forged (AF) specimens were thermo-mechanically processed (TMP) to realize GBE microstructure. The electron backscatter diffraction analyses revealed that the GBE specimen exhibit higher fraction of Σ3 and its variant boundaries, larger twin related domain (TRD) size and greater number of grains per TRD than AF and other TMP specimens. Further, isothermal treatment was performed on AF and GBE specimens at 823 K for different time intervals (1 h to 48 h) to understand the kinetics of pearlite transformation. The scanning electron microscope observations revealed that, unlike the AF specimen, the GBE specimen exhibits a significantly lower fraction of grain boundary pearlite after isothermal annealing at 823 K for 3 h. The aforesaid findings are validated using grain boundary nucleation rate calculation by considering the presence of random and Σ3 boundaries. Further, the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogrov model demonstrate that the presence of significant proportion of Σ3 boundaries leads to delay in the overall transformation kinetics of pearlite transformation. Overall, this work highlights that pearlite does not form uniformly on the austenite grain boundaries since it is reluctant to nucleate on low energy special boundaries like the Σ3 boundaries. This retards the overall transformation kinetics in grain boundary engineered steels having a high proportion of special low energy boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 120641"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120615
Arindam Raj , Yujun Xie , Sungwoo Sohn , Michael Aderibigbe , Naijia Liu , Guannan Liu , Peter Hosemann , Jan Schroers
{"title":"Direct determination of diffusion flux in alloys via spatial separation of flux","authors":"Arindam Raj , Yujun Xie , Sungwoo Sohn , Michael Aderibigbe , Naijia Liu , Guannan Liu , Peter Hosemann , Jan Schroers","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the importance of atomic diffusion in controlling high temperature deformation, it remains difficult to generally determine diffusion flux through alloys. We present thermomechanical nanomolding, where a nanomold is filled by the alloy's diffusion flux under a stress gradient, to determine the flux diffusing through an alloy's microstructure. This flux is collected in the nanomold, forming nanorods. Length and composition analyses of the formed nanorods allow us to determine rate and composition of the flux, and further allow estimation of the constituents’ diffusivities in this flux. We verify this technique on metals and simple alloys, and then reveal diffusive flux in general alloys. Notably, for alloys that can access a eutectic composition in their alloy systems, the flux's composition is that of the eutectic, which can be very different from the alloy's nominal composition. Moreover, the flux's overall diffusivity is greatly enhanced. This, so far unknown, eutectic mechanism is present in the majority of multicomponent alloys. These insights into diffusion flux in alloys can be used to guide the development of alloys with particularly low diffusivity or particularly high diffusivity. More generally, the presented method provides a novel toolbox to reveal the rich underlying diffusion-controlled mechanisms of deformation of alloys in general.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 120615"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120614
Y.W. Wang , Q.F. He , Z.H. Ye , Y. Liao , C.W. Li , Q. Wang , J.F. Gu
{"title":"Ductilization of single-phase refractory high-entropy alloys via activation of edge dislocation","authors":"Y.W. Wang , Q.F. He , Z.H. Ye , Y. Liao , C.W. Li , Q. Wang , J.F. Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) are of particular interest for their superior high-temperature strength. However, most of RHEAs are suffered from the brittleness especially at room temperature which hindered their applications. Here, we choose TiZrHfNbx (<em>x</em> = 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) as a model alloy system in which all the alloys exhibited a single-phase BCC structure. With the increasing Nb content, the fracture strain significantly increased from 8.76 % to 33.21 % without sacrificing the overall yield strength. The dislocation interactions were systematically investigated through extensive experimental and theoretical approaches. The limited tensile ductility of TiZrHfNb<sub>0.4</sub> was attributed to the long straight screw dislocations confined in a few slip planes. In sharp contrast, the dislocations in TiZrHfNb alloy are rather homogeneously distributed and the superior tensile ductility of TiZrHfNb alloy is due to the activation of edge dislocations which is rare in ordinary BCC structured alloys. The atomic scale physical origin of different dislocation configuration and behaviors can be attributed to the higher misfit volume and elastic asymmetry of TiZrHfNb alloy. The outcome of this research not only reveal a new ductilization mechanism but also provide a new pathway to design ductile RHEAs through regulation the atomic scale environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 120614"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120597
C. Grant , S. Roongta , T.L. Burnett , P.B. Prangnell , P. Shanthraj
{"title":"Simulating hydrogen-controlled crack growth kinetics in Al-alloys using a coupled chemo-mechanical phase-field damage model","authors":"C. Grant , S. Roongta , T.L. Burnett , P.B. Prangnell , P. Shanthraj","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmentally Assisted Cracking (EAC) of 7xxx series aluminium alloys involves interactions between multiple physical phenomena, which ultimately influence the in-service life of critical components. In this work, we present a new model to study EAC in 7xxx series alloys, which is implemented in the multiphysics simulation framework, DAMASK. The chemo-mechanical model couples crack tip hydrogen generation, resulting from surface oxidation, and transport, with crystal-plasticity-governed intergranular crack propagation, through the microstructural trapping of hydrogen at dislocations, grain boundaries (GB), and crack tip stress fields. Large-scale simulations with realistic grain structures have been performed to provide novel insight into the dominant rate-controlling processes associated with intergranular EAC in 7xxx series aluminium alloys. The model was able to reproduce experimentally measured crack velocities under different loading conditions. Parametric studies indicate that, in addition to the GB network morphology, the crack growth rate was controlled by hydrogen generation at the crack tip with long-range diffusion having negligible influence. Additionally, the total hydrogen generated through crack tip oxidation appears to be more significant than the peak generation rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 120597"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120630
Xin-Zhuo Hu , Chuan-Qi Cheng , Xin Ji , Yi Feng , Zhe Li , Ling-Kun Meng , Wen-Jing Kang , Hui Liu , Peng-Fei Yin , Rui Zhang , Lei Cui , Xi-Wen Du
{"title":"Mechanically mixing copper and iron at subnanometric scale for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Xin-Zhuo Hu , Chuan-Qi Cheng , Xin Ji , Yi Feng , Zhe Li , Ling-Kun Meng , Wen-Jing Kang , Hui Liu , Peng-Fei Yin , Rui Zhang , Lei Cui , Xi-Wen Du","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Economically viable catalysts with high activity and stability are highly demanded for water electrolysis. Herein, we choose low-cost copper and iron as the raw materials, and mechanically mix them into at the subnanometric scale to obtain a self-supporting electrode. The interaction of copper and iron optimizes the <em><span>d</span></em>-band center and adsorptive capability of the catalyst, thus significantly improving the catalytic properties of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The CuFe catalyst achieves ultralow overpotentials of 67 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and 687 mV at 1000 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. As well, the catalyst presents excellent stability, with only a 3.03 % drop in the initial current density after 1000 h of operation at 1 A cm<sup>−2</sup>. Compared to nickel-based catalysts, the CuFe catalyst proves to be superior in terms of catalytic activity, stability, and price, showing great potential on industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 120630"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120629
Qianglong Liang , Jingyi Wang , Dong Wang , Xiangdong Ding , Yunzhi Wang , Michael J. Mills
{"title":"Novel sub-grain structures in B2 of a cold-rolled TiNi shape memory alloy with unique property","authors":"Qianglong Liang , Jingyi Wang , Dong Wang , Xiangdong Ding , Yunzhi Wang , Michael J. Mills","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic deformation significantly alters the microstructure and properties of TiNi shape memory alloys. This work investigates the formation of a unique herringbone-like sub-grain structure with extended twin boundaries in the B2 phase of a cold-rolled TiNi<sub>50.8</sub> (at. %) and its impact on the superelasticity of the alloy. Detailed electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis reveals abundant sub-grain areas in different orientations distinct from the matrix grain after multiple passes in cold-rolling deformation. Notably, unique band and herringbone structures emerge within the sub-grain areas, with all the boundaries identified as coincident site lattice (CSL) boundaries. Further analysis reveals spontaneous CSL boundary generation following periodic <011><sub>B2</sub> and <001><sub>B2</sub> tilt axes perpendicular to the normal direction of the deformed surface in [100]<sub>B2</sub> oriented grains, forming a characteristic quadruple junction within the herringbone structure, distinct from the single [011]<sub>B2</sub> tilt axis identified in the band structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identifies B2 twin relations corresponding to the special CSL Σ boundaries, while dark-field and high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) images show B19′ martensitic nanodomains decorating the twin boundaries. This extended twin boundary structure enhances drastically cyclically stable superelasticity characterized by much more limited functional fatigue, 27 % lower modulus and 76 % larger recoverable strain as compared to the solution-treated sample after 100 training cycles. Our study provides new insights into the microstructure evolution and enhancement of the superelastic properties of TiNi SMAs by cold-rolling, offering a novel approach to optimize the functionality of SMAs by introducing special sub-grain structures with martensitic-nanodomains-nested B2 twins through simple cold-rolling process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 120629"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142782462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120706
Yuming Xie , Jianing Dong , Yifan Li , Xiaotian Ma , Naijie Wang , Xiangchen Meng , Yongxian Huang
{"title":"Stress-mediated copper-molybdenum alloy enables boosted hydrogen evolution activity","authors":"Yuming Xie , Jianing Dong , Yifan Li , Xiaotian Ma , Naijie Wang , Xiangchen Meng , Yongxian Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guided by the Sabatier volcano principle, we designed a severe plastic deformation-based strategy to obtain high-performance metallic electrocatalysts with boosted hydrogen evolution activity. Cu-Mo system was selected due to their opposite Gibbs free energies of adsorbed hydrogen and surface mechanical treatment was utilized to fine-tune the adsorption energy. A surface compressive stress layer with high values of -464±37 MPa was realized under the cryogenic severe plastic deformation process. The treated metallic catalysts exhibit ultra-low overpotential (79±3 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at the alkaline condition and 31±2 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at the acidic condition). The effective Tafel slope of acidic hydrogen evolution treated in the cryogenic environment is 141.2 mV decade<sup>-1</sup>, showing a fast Tafel-dominated Volmer-Tafel reaction mechanism. The density function theory calculation showed a transformation of the hydrogen adsorption site with increased external compressive stress, which contributed to the adsorption site adjacent to the supersaturated solid solution Mo atom. Bader charge analyses showed that the Mo atom lost more electrons, causing the surrounding Cu atoms to enter a stronger electronegative state, which significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of Cu atoms for hydrogen with near-zero adsorption energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 120706"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acta MaterialiaPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120634
M.C. Niu , S. Qiu , Q. Yu , W. Li , S.Z. Zhang , J.M. Guo , J.H. Luan , W. Wang , T. Yang , X.L. Wang , Z.B. Jiao
{"title":"Achieving excellent elevated-temperature mechanical properties in dual-phase high-entropy alloys via nanoscale co-precipitation and heterostructure engineering","authors":"M.C. Niu , S. Qiu , Q. Yu , W. Li , S.Z. Zhang , J.M. Guo , J.H. Luan , W. Wang , T. Yang , X.L. Wang , Z.B. Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actamat.2024.120634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) have favorable mechanical properties at room temperature but limited strength at elevated temperatures. Here we report a novel approach to remarkably enhance both room- and elevated-temperature mechanical properties of EHEAs via nanoscale co-precipitation and heterostructure engineering. We found that the addition of Nb to an Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Ni EHEA not only triggers the precipitation of L1<sub>2</sub> nanoprecipitates in the FCC phase but also induces the co-precipitation of α' and Laves nanoprecipitates in the B2 phase, resulting in the formation of a hierarchical heterostructure. The precipitation strengthening from the L1<sub>2</sub>, α', and Laves nanoprecipitates and the hetero-deformation induced strengthening elevate the yield strength to 1076 MPa at room temperature and 905 MPa at 700 °C while maintaining a high ductility of 10%–50% in this temperature range. First-principles calculations were used to evaluate the intrinsic energetics of the multicomponent FCC and B2 phases, and the results reveal that both phases can accommodate plastic deformation via a dislocation slip mechanism. The dislocation interactions in the two phases and the hetero-deformation induced strengthening contribute to the large strain hardening of the alloy at room temperature. At 700 °C, the increased atomic mobility facilitates the movement of dislocations in the deformable B2 and FCC phases, and the deformation also induces grain boundary sliding and dynamic recrystallization, which together substantially enhance the alloy ductility at elevated temperatures. The strategy of nanoscale co-precipitation and heterostructure engineering can be applied to other materials for achieving excellent mechanical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":238,"journal":{"name":"Acta Materialia","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 120634"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}