World Journal of Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Urgent need to address macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric populations: insights from an expert consensus.","authors":"Xiwei Wang, Wenwei Tu","doi":"10.1007/s12519-024-00845-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-024-00845-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"981-982"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific convulsions and brain damage in children hospitalized for Omicron BA.5 infection: an observational study using two cohorts.","authors":"Yuan-Yuan Pei, Hong-Li Wang, Gen-Quan Yin, Yi Xu, Jian-Hao Tan, Xin-Hua Liang, Hui-Ying Wu, Xun-Tao Yin, Chun-Xiao Fang, Jun-Zheng Peng, Zhi-Yuan Wu, Yi Sun, Run Dang, Yu-Feng Liang, Hong-Mei Tang, You-Yi Li, Zhong-Xiang Qiao, Zhi-Cheng Liang, Jian-Ping Tang, Fan-Sen Zeng, Ke-Lu Zheng, Yi-Ru Zeng, Xiao-Jun Cao, Hui-Min Xia, Jian-Rui Wei, Jin-Ling Tang, Si-Tang Gong","doi":"10.1007/s12519-024-00808-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-024-00808-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate over time, and reports on children infected with Omicron BA.5 are limited. We aimed to analyze the specific symptoms of Omicron-infected children and to improve patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected 315 consecutively hospitalized children with Omicron BA.5 and 16,744 non-Omicron-infected febrile children visiting the fever clinic at our hospital between December 8 and 30, 2022. Specific convulsions and body temperatures were compared between the two cohorts. We analyzed potential associations between convulsions and vaccination, and additionally evaluated the brain damage among severe Omicron-infected children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Convulsion rates (97.5% vs. 4.3%, <math><mi>P</mi></math> < 0.001) and frequencies (median: 2.0 vs. 1.6, <math><mi>P</mi></math> < 0.001) significantly differed between Omicron-infected and non-Omicron-infected febrile children. The body temperatures of Omicron-infected children were significantly higher during convulsions than when they were not convulsing and those of non-Omicron-infected febrile children during convulsions (median: 39.5 vs. 38.2 and 38.6 °C, both <math><mi>P</mi></math> < 0.001). In the three Omicron-subgroups, the temperature during convulsions was proportional to the percentage of patients and significantly differed ( <math><mi>P</mi></math> < 0.001), while not in the three non-Omicron-subgroups <math><mrow><mo>(</mo> <mi>P</mi></mrow> </math> = 0.244). The convulsion frequency was lower in the 55 vaccinated children compared to the 260 non-vaccinated children (average: 1.8 vs. 2.1, <math><mi>P</mi></math> < 0.001). The vaccination dose and convulsion frequency in Omicron-infected children were significantly correlated ( <math><mi>P</mi></math> < 0.001). Fifteen of the 112 severe Omicron cases had brain damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Omicron-infected children experience higher body temperatures and frequencies during convulsions than those of non-Omicron-infected febrile children. We additionally found evidence of brain damage caused by infection with omicron BA.5. Vaccination and prompt fever reduction may relieve symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"1079-1089"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11502579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications of button battery ingestion or insertion in children: a systematic review and pooled analysis of individual patient-level data.","authors":"Christopher Tran, Carlos Nunez, Guy D Eslick, Ruth Barker, Elizabeth J Elliott","doi":"10.1007/s12519-024-00833-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-024-00833-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Button battery (BB) exposures are common in children and can have devastating consequences. We reviewed current evidence on the complications associated with BB exposure and identified predictors of outcomes using individual patient-level data.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We carried out a systematic review and pooled analysis by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus up to May 19, 2023. Included studies describe complications following BB exposures in children (aged < 18 years). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using binary logistic regression to measure associations between predictive factors and different outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-hundred seventeen studies (439 children) were included. The median age at presentation was 1.75 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.00-3.00] years and 399 (90.9%) exposures were ingestions. Of the 380 cases reporting sex, 162 (42.6%) were female. Feeding (192, 48.1%) and respiratory difficulties (138, 34.6%) were common presenting features for ingestions, while symptomatology was site-specific for insertions. Common complications included oesophageal mucosal damage alone (105, 26.3%) and tracheooesophageal fistula (93, 23.3%) for ingestions, and nasal septal perforation (22, 55.0%) and mucosal damage alone (13, 32.5%) for insertions. Intestinal perforation occurred in 2.5% of ingestion cases, including perforation of Meckel's diverticulum, peritonitis, and jejunocolic fistula. Vascular complications were common among children who died. Age (≤ 2 years), battery exposure duration (> 6 hours), and battery diameter (≥ 20 mm) were associated with common and severe complications of ingestions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BB injuries are time-critical, with severe sequelae predominantly affecting young children. Diagnosis is challenging. Preventative work through regulation and safer battery design are required to eliminate this problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"1017-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusive enteral nutrition for treating pediatric Crohn's disease.","authors":"Yu Yu,Jie Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12519-024-00835-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-024-00835-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variation and molecular profiling of congenital malformations of the female genital tract based on whole-genome sequencing","authors":"Jun-Jun Qiu, Xing-Yu Chang, Ning Zhang, Luo-Pei Guo, Shuai Wang, Wei-Yue Gu, Yi-Meng Yin, Zhi-Wen Shi, Ke-Qin Hua","doi":"10.1007/s12519-024-00839-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-024-00839-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Congenital malformations of the female genital tract (CM-FGT) are characterized by abnormal development of the fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina, often accompanied by malformations in the urinary system, bones and hearing. However, no definitive pathogenic genes and molecular genetic causes have been identified.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We present the largest whole-genome sequencing study of CM-FGT to date, analyzing 590 individuals in China: 95 patients, 442 case–controls, and 53 familial controls.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Among the patients, 5.3% carried known CM-FGT-related variants. Pedigree and case–control analyses in two dimensions of coding and non-coding regulatory regions revealed seven novel de novo copy number variations, 12 rare single-nucleotide variations, and 10 rare 3' untranslated region (UTR) mutations in genes related to CM-FGT, particularly highlighting <i>ASH1L</i> as a pathogenic gene. Single-cell sequencing data showed that the majority of CM-FGT-related risk genes are spatiotemporally specifically expressed early in uterus development.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, this study identified novel variants related to CM-FGT, particularly highlighting ASH1L as a pathogenic gene. The findings provide insights into the genetic variants underlying CM-FGT, with single-cell sequencing data revealing spatiotemporal specific expression patterns of key risk genes early in uterine development. This study significantly advances the understanding of CM-FGT etiology and genetic landscape, offering new opportunities for prenatal screening.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote ischemic conditioning prevents ischemic cerebrovascular events in children with moyamoya disease: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Shuang-Feng Huang, Jia-Li Xu, Chang-Hong Ren, Nathan Sim, Cong Han, Yi-Qin Han, Wen-Bo Zhao, Yu-Chuan Ding, Xun-Ming Ji, Si-Jie Li","doi":"10.1007/s12519-024-00824-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-024-00824-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a significant cause of childhood stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in children with MMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-center pilot study, 46 MMD patients aged 4 to 14 years, with no history of reconstructive surgery, were randomly assigned to receive either RIC or sham RIC treatment twice daily for a year. The primary outcome measured was the cumulative incidence of major adverse cerebrovascular events (MACEs). Secondary outcomes included ischemic stroke, recurrent TIA, hemorrhagic stroke, revascularization rates, and clinical improvement assessed using the patient global impression of change (PGIC) scale during follow-up. RIC-related adverse events were also recorded, and cerebral hemodynamics were evaluated using transcranial Doppler.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 46 patients completed the final follow-up (23 each in the RIC and sham RIC groups). No severe adverse events associated with RIC were observed. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significant reduction in MACEs frequency after RIC treatment [log-rank test (Mantel-Cox), P = 0.021]. At 3-year follow-up, two (4.35%) patients had an ischemic stroke, four (8.70%) experienced TIAs, and two (4.35%) underwent revascularization as the qualifying MACEs. The clinical improvement rate in the RIC group was higher than the sham RIC group on the PGIC scale (65.2% vs. 26.1%, P < 0.01). No statistical difference in cerebral hemodynamics post-treatment was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RIC is a safe and effective adjunct therapy for asymptomatic children with MMD. This was largely due to the reduced incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular events.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"925-934"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11422440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous age- and sex-specific reference ranges of liver enzymes in Chinese children and application in pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Zhao-Yuan Wu, Si-Wei Chi, Liu-Jian Ouyang, Xiao-Qin Xu, Jing-Nan Chen, Bing-Han Jin, Rahim Ullah, Xue-Lian Zhou, Ke Huang, Guan-Ping Dong, Zhe-Ming Li, Ying Shen, Jie Shao, Yan Ni, Jun-Fen Fu, Qiang Shu, Wei Wu","doi":"10.1007/s12519-023-00789-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-023-00789-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is widely used to screen patients with hepatic diseases. However, the current reference ranges (< 50 U/L) were developed by laboratories and have not been validated in populations with a large number of healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study collected venous blood and anthropometric data from a total of 13,287 healthy children aged 3 months to 18 years who underwent routine physical examinations in the Department of Pediatric Healthcare. We applied the least mean square algorithm to establish age- and sex-related reference percentiles of serum levels of transaminases. For validation, we recruited 4276 children and adolescents with obesity/overweight who underwent evaluation and metabolic tests in the hospital. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, we determined age- and sex-specific upper limit percentiles of liver enzymes for fatty liver diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed a significant correlation between serum transaminase levels and age and sex (P < 0.01). These transaminase levels exhibited age- and sex-specific patterns. Among individuals in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cohort, elevated ALT levels displayed a positive association with clinical markers of disease severity, including homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, waist-hip ratio, and serum uric acid levels (P < 0.01). According to the receiver operating characteristic curves, ALT levels at the 92.58th percentile for boys and the 92.07th percentile for girls yielded the highest accuracy and specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides age- and sex-specific reference ranges for ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase in Chinese children and adolescents, making it the largest population study to date. Furthermore, the study establishes a precise upper limit for ALT levels, facilitating their use in NAFLD screening. Video Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"949-956"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139933153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.","authors":"Ying-Shuo Wang, Yun-Lian Zhou, Guan-Nan Bai, Shu-Xian Li, Dan Xu, Li-Na Chen, Xing Chen, Xiao-Yan Dong, Hong-Min Fu, Zhou Fu, Chuang-Li Hao, Jian-Guo Hong, En-Mei Liu, Han-Min Liu, Xiao-Xia Lu, Zheng-Xiu Luo, Lan-Fang Tang, Man Tian, Yong Yin, Xiao-Bo Zhang, Jian-Hua Zhang, Hai-Lin Zhang, De-Yu Zhao, Shun-Ying Zhao, Guo-Hong Zhu, Ying-Xue Zou, Quan Lu, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Zhi-Min Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12519-024-00831-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-024-00831-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a significant contributor to community-acquired pneumonia among children. Since 1968, when a strain of M. pneumoniae resistant to macrolide antibiotics was initially reported in Japan, macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) has been documented in many countries worldwide, with varying incidence rates. MRMP infections lead to a poor response to macrolide antibiotics, frequently resulting in prolonged fever, extended antibiotic treatment, increased hospitalization, intensive care unit admissions, and a significantly higher proportion of patients receiving glucocorticoids or second-line antibiotics. Since 2000, the global incidence of MRMP has gradually increased, especially in East Asia, which has posed a serious challenge to the treatment of M. pneumoniae infections in children and attracted widespread attention from pediatricians. However, there is still no global consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of MRMP in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We organized 29 Chinese experts majoring in pediatric pulmonology and epidemiology to write the world's first consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric MRMP pneumonia, based on evidence collection. The evidence searches and reviews were conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. We used variations in terms for \"macrolide-resistant\", \"Mycoplasma pneumoniae\", \"MP\", \"M. pneumoniae\", \"pneumonia\", \"MRMP\", \"lower respiratory tract infection\", \"Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection\", \"children\", and \"pediatric\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, early identification, laboratory examination, principles of antibiotic use, application of glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin, and precautions for bronchoscopy are highlighted. Early and rapid identification of gene mutations associated with MRMP is now available by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent probe techniques in respiratory specimens. Although the resistance rate to macrolide remains high, it is fortunate that M. pneumoniae still maintains good in vitro sensitivity to second-line antibiotics such as tetracyclines and quinolones, making them an effective treatment option for patients with initial treatment failure caused by macrolide antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This consensus, based on international and national scientific evidence, provides scientific guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of MRMP in children. Further studies on tetracycline and quinolone drugs in children are urgently needed to evaluate their effects on the growth and development. Additionally, developing an antibiotic rotation treatment strategy is necessary to reduce the prevalence of MRMP strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"901-914"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11422262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of animal-assisted activities with visiting dogs in inpatient pediatric oncology.","authors":"Katja Steff, Maximilian Grasemann, Kira Ostermann, Sarah Christina Goretzki, Peter-Michael Rath, Dirk Reinhardt, Michael M Schündeln","doi":"10.1007/s12519-024-00829-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-024-00829-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood cancer entails a heavy burden for patients and their families. Recent advances in overall survival rates have increasingly brought long-term quality of life into focus. Animal-assisted activities (AAAs) have long been hypothesized to alleviate the burden on pediatric patients and their peers in the hospital setting. However, their use in inpatient pediatric oncology has been a sensitive issue mainly due to the fear of infections, resulting in a lack of studies. This study presents data on the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of AAAs from a single German center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between 2018 and 2022, 60 patients (median age = 10.3 years) diagnosed with malignancy and undergoing treatment were visited by an intervention dog (total visits = 100). Patients were screened for infections as per hospital policy, with additional microbiological testing performed based on symptoms. The dog was screened for human pathogens and zoonoses. Microbial data and hospitalizations were analyzed from two months prior to the first visit until two months after the last visit. Acceptance of being in the hospital, both with and without planned animal-assisted interventions and pre- and post-intervention state stress, were measured using a validated visual analogue scale (0-10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients benefited from AAAs, showing increased acceptance of being in the hospital (median: 7.25 vs. 4.50, P < 0.001) and decreased median state stress ratings one hour after the visit compared to one hour before the visit (1.00 vs. 4.25, P < 0.001). The intervention did not result in an increased number of infections or unplanned hospitalizations, and no zoonoses were detected. All microbial screening tests of the dog were negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AAAs with visiting dogs in inpatient pediatric oncology are feasible and safe. Although they hold promise for enhancing patients' well-being, further prospective studies are needed. Supplementary file 2 (MP4 240076 KB).</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"915-924"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11422466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global public concern of childhood and adolescence suicide: a new perspective and new strategies for suicide prevention in the post-pandemic era.","authors":"Soeun Kim, Jaeyu Park, Hyeri Lee, Hayeon Lee, Selin Woo, Rosie Kwon, Sunyoung Kim, Ai Koyanagi, Lee Smith, Masoud Rahmati, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Jiseung Kang, Jun Hyuk Lee, Jiyeon Oh, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1007/s12519-024-00828-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-024-00828-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is the second leading cause of death in young people worldwide and is responsible for about 52,000 deaths annually in children and adolescents aged 5-19 years. Familial, social, psychological, and behavioral factors play important roles in suicide risk. As traumatic events such as the COVID-19 pandemic may contribute to suicidal behaviors in young people, there is a need to understand the current status of suicide in adolescents, including its epidemiology, associated factors, the influence of the pandemic, and management initiatives.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We investigated global and regional suicide mortality rates among children and adolescents aged 5-19 years using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. The suicide mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 were examined in 204 countries and territories across six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Additionally, we utilized electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus, and employed various combinations of terms such as \"suicide\", \"adolescents\", \"youth\", \"children\", \"risk factors\", \"COVID-19 pandemic\", \"prevention\", and \"intervention\" to provide a narrative review on suicide within the pediatric population in the post-pandemic era.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the decreasing trend in the global suicide mortality rate from 1990 to 2019, it remains high. The mortality rates from suicide by firearms or any other specified means were both greater in males. Additionally, Southeast Asia had the highest suicide rate among the six WHO regions. The COVID-19 pandemic seems to contribute to suicide risk in young people; thus, there is still a strong need to revisit appropriate management for suicidal children and adolescents during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current narrative review integrates up-to-date knowledge on suicide epidemiology and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, risk factors, and intervention strategies. Although numerous studies have characterized trends in suicide among young people during the pre-pandemic era, further studies are required to investigate suicide during the pandemic and new strategies for suicide prevention in the post-pandemic era. It is necessary to identify effective prevention strategies targeting young people, particularly those at high risk, and successful treatment for individuals already manifesting suicidal behaviors. Care for suicidal children and adolescents should be improved with parental, school, community, and clinical involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"872-900"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}