World Journal of Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Prospective screening for Wilson disease in schoolchildren using spot urine: successful case identification in a pilot study.","authors":"Anne Mei-Kwun Kwok, Joannie Hui, Iris Hiu-Shuen Chan, Ronnie Nim-Hang Chiang, Toby Chun-Hei Chan, Ling-Yin Hung, Timothy Hua-Tse Cheng, Matthew Chun-Wing Yeung, Xingyan Wang, Kiran M Belaramani, Felix Shi-Da Yam, Yuk-Him Tam, Chloe Miu Mak, Albert Martin Li, Cheuk-Wing Fung, Nelson Leung-Sang Tang","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01106-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01106-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149325138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butyrate in pediatric sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: hypothesized protection through the gut-kidney axis.","authors":"Xing-Ting Zhang, Ke-Xin Zhang, Yan-Jun Wu, Xing Gao, Tong Lin, Felix W Leung, Yong-Yan Shi, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01115-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01115-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149325137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early maternal depressive symptoms and child developmental outcomes at six years old: a prospective birth cohort study in a low-risk population.","authors":"Yi-Ding Gui, Guang-Hai Wang, Yu-Jiao Deng, Xiao-Ning Sun, Hao Pan, Jie-Qiong Liu, Yi-Lun Lu, Zi-Chen Zhang, Qi Zhu, Jun Zhang, Zhang-Sheng Yu, Fan Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01088-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01088-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to identify distinct trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from late pregnancy to 36 months postpartum and to assess their associations with children's emotional, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 240 mother-child dyads in Shanghai from a cohort screened at enrollment to exclude major pre-existing mental disorders and pregnancy complications. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed in late pregnancy using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, at 42 days postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months postpartum using the Depression-Dejection subscale of the Profile of Mood States. Children's emotional, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes were assessed at age 6 years using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Group-based trajectory modeling and regression models were constructed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four trajectories were identified: stable-low levels of depression (78.8%), maternal depression in the perinatal period (10.0%), maternal depression in the second year postpartum (5.4%), and maternal depression in the third year postpartum (5.8%). Compared with the stable-low group, maternal depression in the perinatal period was associated with more emotional problems in children aged 6 years (β = 0.98, P < 0.05). Maternal depression in the second year postpartum was associated with more conduct problems (β = 1.36, P < 0.001) and lower cognitive proficiency in children aged 6 years (β = - 12.12, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Temporally elevated maternal depressive symptom trajectories from pregnancy to 3 years postpartum were associated with adverse emotional, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149239583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride-glucose index identifies early metabolic stress and β-cell vulnerability in pediatric obesity.","authors":"Ling-Wen Ying, Jia-Yue Hu, Jia-Xiao She, Bi-Yun Feng, Li-Bo Wang, Shi-Yang Gao, Fan Yang, Yi-Guo Huang, Qian-Wen Zhang, Juan Li, Yu Ding, Xiu-Min Wang, Guo-Ying Chang","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01105-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01105-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a simple marker of insulin resistance and metabolic risk, but whether it captures early β-cell vulnerability in children with obesity remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether TyG index is associated with indices of β-cell function and metabolic risk beyond the severity of obesity in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included children/adolescents with obesity who underwent comprehensive metabolic evaluation, including oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). Participants were stratified by TyG tertiles and conventional metabolic classifications. Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and β-cell disposition indices were derived from OGTT data. Associations between TyG, body mass index (BMI) Z-score, and metabolic biomarkers were assessed using correlation, multivariate regression, and unsupervised clustering analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite comparable severity of obesity, children in the highest TyG tertile exhibited a markedly adverse metabolic profile, characterized by higher glycemic and hepatic markers and reduced insulin sensitivity. OGTT-derived indices showed lower insulin sensitivity and reduced secretion-sensitivity coupling with increasing TyG, while hybrid disposition index remained preserved across TyG tertiles. TyG showed broader and more robust associations with metabolic and β-cell-related indices than BMI Z-score and was independently associated with β-cell disposition indices in multivariate models. Cluster analysis further revealed distinct metabolic phenotypes among children with similar degrees of obesity, with TyG distinguishing high-risk profiles characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity and potential β-cell vulnerability. Comparisons across metabolic states further indicated that TyG provided metabolic information not fully captured by conventional categorical definitions of metabolic dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TyG index is associated with a dimension of metabolic stress and potential β-cell vulnerability in pediatric obesity that is not adequately reflected by the severity of obesity alone. By identifying metabolic heterogeneity not fully captured by BMI-based assessment, TyG may complement conventional risk assessment and support metabolic risk stratification in children with obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149239601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between parental generative artificial intelligence health-advice use and child vaccination uptake in Japan: an exploratory cross-sectional study.","authors":"Yousuke Imanishi, Maria Iorini, Sinchul Jwa, Masahiko Sakamoto, Ichiro Wada, Takahiro Tabuchi, Mai Uchida","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01107-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01107-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parents increasingly use generative artificial intelligence (AI) for health information, but evidence on parental AI use and childhood vaccination is limited. We examined exploratory associations between regular parental AI health-advice use and childhood vaccination in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed 2025 nationwide survey data from children aged 1 to 17 years and parents, with a linked 2023-2025 sub-analysis. The exposure was regular parental use of generative AI for health advice at least a few times per month. Outcomes were age-appropriate measles-rubella (MR) vaccination and any mumps, influenza, or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Modified Poisson regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) with parent-level clustering and covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 8282 children and 5170 parents, 1278 (15.4%) had regular AI health-advice users as parents. AI use was not associated with age-appropriate MR vaccination (aPR 1.02; 95% CI 0.97-1.09), but was associated with three vaccines. The adjusted rates were 76.6 versus 72.7% (aPR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) for mumps, 56.7% versus 49.0% (aPR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.24) for influenza, 40.6% versus 30.9% (aPR 1.31, 95% CI 1.19-1.45) for COVID-19. The COVID-19 association was strongest among parents younger than 30 years (aPR 2.58; 95% CI 1.90-3.50; P for interaction < 0.001). In the linked sub-analysis, these associations persisted after adjustment for an available 2023 household-level prior vaccination marker and attitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regular parental use of generative AI for health advice was associated with mumps, influenza, and COVID-19 vaccination, but not with age-appropriate MR vaccination. These exploratory, cross-sectional findings are observational associations. They may reflect digital health engagement, health information seeking, socioeconomic differences, or favorable attitudes, rather than vaccine-specific AI advice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149196921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional and national burden of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Asia, 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.","authors":"Yujin Choi, Kyeongeun Kim, Hyunyi Yoo, Dain Y Kim, Jiseung Kang, Hyunjee Kim, Jeongseon Oh, Ho Geol Woo, José Francisco López-Gil, Christa J Nehs, Hyeon Seok Hwang, Jaeyu Park, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01091-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01091-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represents a substantial lifelong economic and functional burden, yet comprehensive assessments of its burden in Asia have been limited. In this study, we quantified the burden of ADHD across Asia at both regional and national levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimated the burden of ADHD across 34 Asian countries from 1990 to 2023 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. ADHD was defined as the presence of six or more inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms lasting ≥ 6 months. Burden was assessed using age-standardized years lived with disability (YLD) rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), stratified by age and sex, and compared across pre- and post-pandemic periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The burden of ADHD in Asia remained largely concentrated in childhood and adolescence, with comparatively modest temporal changes in age-standardized YLD rates from 1990 to 2023. East Asia showed the largest increase over this period and had the highest age-standardized YLD rate in 2023, at 82.20 (95% UI: 46.77-122.88) per 100,000 population. Across all Asian regions, age-specific YLD rates peaked among individuals aged 10 to 14 years, reaching 213.03 (95% UI: 113.82-322.27) per 100,000 population in East Asia, and declined progressively thereafter. Males consistently had higher YLD rates than females across regions and age groups. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the ADHD burden increased in most Asian countries, with particularly pronounced increases in the high-income Asia Pacific region. In addition, the ADHD burden was positively correlated with a higher Socio-demographic Index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings define males and children aged 10-14 years as priority groups for early ADHD detection and intervention. Moreover, we provide critical evidence to guide targeted ADHD prevention and management strategies across Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ulcerated infantile hemangioma in the β-blocker era: recent advances.","authors":"Kai-Zhi Zhang, Ren-Ming Guo, Tong Qiu, Min Yang, Yi Ji","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01101-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01101-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whilst β-blockers have revolutionized the management of complicated infantile hemangiomas (IHs), ulceration remains a highly painful and clinically challenging complication. Ulcerated IHs may lead to pain, bleeding, secondary infection, feeding or diaper-care difficulties, functional impairment, and permanent scarring. Early recognition and integrated management are therefore essential.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>This narrative review searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to June 2026 for studies concerning ulcerated IH. The search was restricted to publications written in English; relevant evidence was synthesized in a narrative fashion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ulceration is more likely to occur in rapidly proliferating, large, superficial, mixed, segmental, or partially segmental IHs. This is particularly so for those involving the lips, neck, diaper area, perineal or anogenital region, and skin folds. Early white discoloration is an important warning sign of impending ulceration. Current evidence suggests that ulceration should not be regarded merely as a surface wound but as a dynamic manifestation of active hemangioma proliferation, local tissue vulnerability, environmental barrier disruption, inflammation, and delayed wound repair. Oral propranolol remains the main systemic treatment, whereas wound care, pain control, infection surveillance, topical β-blockers, pulsed dye laser treatment, and individualized multimodal therapy may be needed according to ulcer severity and the anatomical site involved.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the β-blocker era, ulcerated IH remains an important clinical problem requiring early risk stratification and integrated lesion-directed and wound-directed management. Future prospective multicenter and mechanistic studies are needed to standardize assessments of severity, refine risk-stratified treatment algorithms, and improve long-term functional and cosmetic outcomes for infants with ulcerated IHs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149138504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for pediatric primary headaches: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Fa-Qiang Zhang, Ya-Nan Wu, Wen-Di Liu, Ke-Hu Yang, Xiu-Xia Li, Shu-Ying Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01103-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01103-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary headaches are common in children and adolescents; however, the comparative efficacy of multiple non-pharmacological interventions remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of different non-pharmacological interventions for pediatric primary headaches using a network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated non-pharmacological interventions for pediatric primary headaches, from database inception to August 1, 2026. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA). A network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using Stata 17 to generate network diagrams, league tables, and surface under the cumulative ranking curve values. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 RCTs involving 820 participants were included. Network meta-analysis showed that, compared with waiting list control (WLC), biofeedback [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.11, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (-2.04, -0.17)], therapist-assisted relaxation [SMD = -1.06, 95% CI (-2.04, -0.07)], and relaxation [SMD = -0.69, 95% CI (-1.21, -0.17)] were associated with reductions in headache frequency. Headstrong compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) [SMD = -1.63, 95% CI (-2.95, -0.30)], biofeedback + relaxation [SMD = -1.54, 95% CI (-2.95, -0.13)], and relaxation [SMD = -0.91, 95% CI (-1.61, -0.21)] showed potential benefits in shortening headache duration. Education [SMD = -0.96, 95% CI (-1.72, -0.19)], biofeedback [SMD = -0.85, 95% CI (-1.59, -0.11)], therapist-administered group training (TG) [SMD = -0.78, 95% CI (-1.39, -0.17)], cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) [SMD = -0.76, 95% CI (-1.33, -0.19)], and relaxation [SMD = -0.63, 95% CI (-1.24, -0.02)] were associated with improvements in headache intensity. According to surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values, biofeedback (81.4%), headstrong CD-ROM (80.5%), and education (75.7%) showed the highest-ranking probabilities for reducing headache frequency, shortening headache duration, and alleviating headache intensity, respectively. These rankings reflect relative probabilities rather than definitive clinical superiority.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biofeedback, headstrong CD-ROM, and education showed relatively favorable rankings for specific headache outcomes. However, these findings are exploratory and should be interpreted with caution given imprecise effect estimates and very low certainty of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond early diagnosis: toward AI-enabled multi-omics prediction of necrotizing enterocolitis.","authors":"Yan-Jun Wu, Tong Lin, Mei-Jun Meng, Xing-Ting Zhang, Ke-Xin Zhang, Ze-Wei Zhuo, Wei-Hong Sha, Yong-Yan Shi, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01112-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01112-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Pediatric dysphagia overview: best practice recommendation study by multidisciplinary experts.","authors":"Ebru Umay, Sibel Eyigor, Esra Giray, Evrim Karadag Saygi, Bulent Karadag, Nihal Durmus Kocaaslan, Deniz Yuksel, Arzu Meltem Demir, Engin Tutar, Canan Tikiz, Eda Gurcay, Zeliha Unlu, Pelin Celik, Ece Unlu Akyuz, Guven Mengu, Serkan Bengisu, Sibel Alicura, Necati Enver, Nida Yekteusaklari, Cuma Uz, Merve Cikili Uytun, Fatih Bagcier, Elif Tarihci, Mazlum Serdar Akaltun, Iclal Ayranci Sucakli, Damla Cankurtaran, Zeynep Aykın, Resa Aydın, Fatma Nazli","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01104-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01104-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}