World Journal of Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Association of maternal hemoglobin levels and chorioamnionitis with preterm birth and low birth weight: a cohort study.","authors":"Wen Yu, Yan-Hui Hao, Si-Yue Chen, Jia-Ying Wu, Si-Wei Zhang, Chen Zhang, Yan-Ting Wu, He-Feng Huang","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01041-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-026-01041-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately one-quarter of infants worldwide are born either preterm, with a low birth weight, or both. Maternal anemia significantly increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association between hemoglobin levels-alone and in conjunction with chorioamnionitis-and birth outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 54,300 pregnant women who delivered between January 2018 and December 2023 and whose antenatal examination records were available at a university-affiliated hospital in Shanghai, China. The primary outcomes were preterm birth and low birth weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our cohort, 33.9% of mothers were diagnosed with anemia. A low hemoglobin concentration (hemoglobin concentration < 100 g/L) during the third trimester was significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56-2.24] and low birth weight (aOR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.20-1.76). Notably, the co-occurrence of moderate to severe anemia and chorioamnionitis was associated with higher odds of preterm birth and low birth weight in the third trimester, with aORs (95% CI) of 3.26 (1.92-5.52) and 3.02 (1.78-5.11), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maternal anemia, particularly during the third trimester, is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. The co-occurrence of anemia and chorioamnionitis further amplifies these risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"511-521"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in pediatric intensive care units: current applications in sepsis management.","authors":"Sheng Fu, Fei Li, Su-Yun Qian","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01052-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-026-01052-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early detection of sepsis in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is critical, but challenging due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and marked physiological heterogeneity. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential for precision sepsis management, but clinical translation remains complex due to methodological and implementation barriers.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic review was conducted on the application of AI in sepsis management in PICUs. We included original research studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and consensus statements. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wan Fang, covering records from inception to March 2026. Search terms included \"artificial intelligence\", \"machine learning\", \"deep learning\", \"pediatric sepsis\", \"neonatal sepsis\", \"pediatric intensive care unit\", and \"Clinical Decision Support Systems\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AI models consistently outperformed traditional pediatric scoring systems in both early prediction and risk stratification. Our comparative analysis indicates that while random forest models are more robust for discrete, cross-sectional data, long short-term memory networks excel at capturing the dynamic temporal patterns inherent in pediatric physiology. AI-driven clinical decision support systems were found to significantly improve adherence to standardized sepsis bundles; however, false-positive rates varied across healthcare tiers, exposing critical disparities in electronic health record infrastructure. Furthermore, multi-omics integration identified distinct biological endotypes, offering a path towards personalized therapy. Economic evaluations suggest these tools can reduce per-patient costs and optimize PICU resource allocation. Of note, recent global health policies now emphasize pediatric-specific validation and algorithmic fairness as prerequisites for equitable deployment of AI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite its technical superiority in the management of pediatric sepsis, the clinical utility of AI hinges on enhancing the transparency of \"black-box\" algorithms through explainable AI and narrowing the systemic infrastructure divide across healthcare tiers. Establishing robust quality controls and policy frameworks is paramount to evolving AI from a research-bound tool into a reliable diagnostic adjunct within standard pediatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"501-510"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pathogen co-detection on disease severity and clinical outcomes in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.","authors":"Feng Wang, Ying-Wen Wang, Jia-Yu Wang, Li-Bo Wang, Wen He, Qing Wang, Yuan-Yuan Qi, Xiao-Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01053-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-026-01053-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a leading cause of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia, the specific clinical impact of respiratory pathogen co-detection remains incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from 3081 children hospitalized with confirmed MPP at a single center in China (January 2023-December 2024). Based on comprehensive respiratory pathogen testing, patients were classified into MPP mono-infection (n = 1173) or MPP co-detection (n = 1908) groups. Severe MPP (SMPP) was defined as a composite outcome per national guidelines. The primary outcome was the incidence of SMPP; secondary outcomes included specific complications, healthcare utilization, and costs. Stratified analysis by co-detection pattern (single virus, single bacterium, viral-bacterial, and multiple viruses) was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the independent association of co-detection with SMPP, adjusting for sex, age, platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and D-dimer level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The co-detection rate was 61.9% (1908/3081). Among co-detected cases, single-viral detection was most common (41.8%), followed by viral-bacterial detection (19.1%). Adenovirus (33.5%) and rhinovirus (32.1%) were the predominant single viruses. The co-detection group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of SMPP (51.8% vs. 47.3%, P = 0.018), higher total hospitalization costs, longer hospital stays, and longer durations of cough and fever (all P < 0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the viral-bacterial co-detection subtype consistently exhibited the most severe outcomes. After adjusting for sex, age, platelet count, CRP level, and D-dimer level, pathogen co-detection was an independent risk factor for SMPP [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.31; 95% confidence interval = 1.11-1.56; P = 0.002]. Elevated D-dimer levels (adjusted OR = 3.66) and older age were also significant independent predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Respiratory pathogen co-detection is prevalent in children with MPP and is independently associated with disease progression to SMPP (as defined by guideline criteria), prolonged hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs. The viral-bacterial co-detection pattern is associated with the greatest risk. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive pathogen screening in the management of pediatric MPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"536-545"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13291056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148228480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The future of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus and coronavirus disease.","authors":"Kam Lun Ellis Hon, Alexander K C Leung, Karen Ka Yan Leung, Wun Fung Hui, Muralidharan Jayashree","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01036-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-026-01036-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent physical activity: mechanisms and intervention opportunities.","authors":"Jason M Nagata, Zain Memon, Hasan Alsamman, Christiane K Helmer, Julia H Raney","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01040-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-026-01040-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"385-388"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Admission blood pressure percentiles and in-hospital mortality in pediatric heart failure: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Jing Gao, Shi-Yuan Huang, Yu-Xing Yuan, Bo Pan, Fang-Jie Wang, Zhi Chen, Ying Guo, Xing Shen, Xue-Cun Liang, Yan-Yan Liang, Yan-Lin Xing, Hui-Li Zhang, Ying-Qian Zhang, Chun-Hong Xie, Li Li, Zhi-Lin Huang, Hui-Chao Sun, Min Zheng, Ling-Juan Liu, Tie-Wei Lv, Xue-Mei Lian, Zi-Pu Li, Xiao-Hua Liang, Jie Tian","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01031-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-026-01031-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric heart failure (PHF) carries a high mortality burden, yet the prognostic value of admission blood pressure (BP) remains poorly defined, and evidence-based thresholds for risk stratification are lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included 2545 children diagnosed with PHF upon admission across 30 Chinese centers (2013-2022). BP was standardized into age-, sex-, and height-specific percentiles. Associations with in-hospital mortality were analyzed using restricted cubic splines (RCS), machine learning covariate selection, and sensitivity analyses, stratified by sex, age, and etiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Systolic BP (SBP) percentiles showed a U-shaped association with mortality, with the lowest risk at the 63.8th percentile. Risk increased below the 57th percentile [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-3.26] and above the 91st percentile (aHR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.85-3.33), a relationship primarily driven by infants/toddlers. Diastolic BP (DBP) percentiles showed a linear inverse association, with risk increasing below the 83rd percentile (aHR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.09-2.50). Sex-stratified analyses suggested that girls were more vulnerable to high SBP (≥ 91st: aHR = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.31-11.20), whereas boys were more susceptible to low DBP (< 83rd: aHR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.16-4.20). Etiology-stratified analyses confirmed consistency across major diagnostic categories (P values for all interactions > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes novel BP percentile thresholds for mortality risk stratification in patients with PHF (SBP: 57th-91st; DBP: 83rd-100th) and provides preliminary evidences for sex- and age-differential hemodynamic management, although validation is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"451-464"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated cognitive-motor exercise for core symptoms and executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Fei-Long Zhu, Zheng-Hao Dong, Hao-Yuan Lu, Dong-Qing Kuang, Bao-Hua Xu, Li Yang, Yu-Feng Wang, Ming Zhang, Yuan-Chun Ren","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01019-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-026-01019-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. While physical exercise is a promising non-pharmacological intervention, the efficacy of integrating cognitive demands with physical activity remains underexplored. This trial compared the effects of integrated cognitive-motor exercise, aerobic exercise, and a minimal intervention on core symptoms and executive functions (EFs) in children with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, controlled, multicenter trial, 107 children with ADHD (aged 6-10 years) were allocated to one of three groups for 12 weeks: (1) integrated cognitive-motor exercise (EG1, n = 36); (2) aerobic exercise (EG2, n = 35); or (3) wait-list control (CG, n = 36). Both EG1 and EG2 performed their respective interventions three times per week in 45-minute sessions. The primary outcomes were inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and EFs (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility). The analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle with linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the CG, both exercise groups presented significant, comparable reductions in inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms (all P ≤ 0.01). However, EG1 demonstrated superior improvements in specific EFs. For inhibitory control (Stroop color-word interference), EG1 resulted in a significantly greater reduction in color-word interference time than both EG2 [β = - 6.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = - 12.28 to - 0.20, P = 0.045] and CG (β = - 13.97, 95% CI = - 19.97 to - 7.97, P < 0.001). For immediate working memory, the improvement in EG1 was greater than that in both EG2 (β = 2.09, 95% CI = 0.33-3.85, P = 0.032) and CG (β = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.83-5.31, P < 0.001). Both exercise groups improved similarly in cognitive flexibility compared with the CG. Parental satisfaction was significantly greater in EG1 than in EG2 (P < 0.001). No adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A structured integrated cognitive-motor exercise intervention is an effective and safe non-pharmacological treatment for children with ADHD. Compared with aerobic exercise alone, it not only alleviates core symptoms but also yields superior benefits for key EFs, specifically inhibitory control and immediate working memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"435-450"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146167031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the youth version of the Alimetry® Gut-Brain Wellbeing Survey: a mental health scale for young people with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms.","authors":"Mikaela Law, Gayl Humphrey, Isabella Pickering, Gabriel Schamberg, Chris Varghese, Peng Du, Charlotte Daker, Hayat Mousa, Armen Gharibans, Greg O'Grady, Christopher N Andrews, Stefan Calder","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01027-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-026-01027-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research outlines the development and validation of the Alimetry® Gut-Brain Wellbeing Survey-Youth Version (AGBW-Y), a novel tool for assessing mental health in young people with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms aged 12-17 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Phase 1, global feedback was gathered from 19 pediatric clinicians in the gastroenterology field and 33 young people over multiple rounds to make the adult AGBW Survey more age-appropriate for young people. In Phase 2, rigorous psychometric testing was conducted in a sample of 128 patients aged 12-17 years with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms, using an anonymous survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the feedback from Phase 1, an interdisciplinary team of experts improved the survey's language and usability for young people to enhance the scale's clarity, acceptability, and face and content validity. The final AGBW-Y comprises a patient preface, 10 closed-ended questions, and an open-ended question. It assesses general mental health, alongside subscales of depression, stress, and anxiety. Phase 2 demonstrated excellent psychometric properties of the scale, including high internal consistency reliability (α = 0.91 for the total scale; α = 0.75-0.85 for subscales) and strong convergent, divergent, and concurrent validity with large effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AGBW-Y is a brief, reliable, and valid tool to assess mental health in young people aged 12-17 years with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms. This novel scale was developed through rigorous co-design with clinicians and young people, ensuring it is contextually relevant and clinically impactful. The AGBW-Y complements existing physiological assessments, enabling evaluations that can guide psychological referrals, support multidisciplinary care, and evaluate treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"465-476"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13221431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for clean intermittent catheterization in children.","authors":"Zhao-Kai Zhou, Yi-Bo Wen, Qing-Wei Wang, Jian-Guo Wen, Stuart Bauer, Lillian C Hayes, Konstantinos Kamperis, Jens Christian Djurhuus, John Heesakkers, Tufan Tarcan, Giovanni Mosiello, Jane Clarke, Jennifer Sihoe","doi":"10.1007/s12519-025-01007-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-025-01007-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is an effective method of bladder emptying in children with neurogenic and non-neurogenic disorders that cause difficulty in urination. However, there is a lack of expert consensus on the standardized application of CIC in pediatric populations. This guideline intends to outline recommendations for standardizing CIC in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was performed by searching key academic databases, specifically PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Eligible literature-including peer-reviewed clinical trials, cohort studies, case series, and expert consensus statements-was systematically identified, screened, and critically appraised. This guideline was developed according to the \"WHO Handbook for Guideline Development (2nd edition)\".</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For children with symptoms of increased post-void residual (PVR) that may threaten the upper urinary tract, CIC is recommended regardless of the cause. Safe bladder capacity (SBC) and maximum bladder capacity measurement could guide optimal CIC frequency. When infants or young children require CIC, their caregivers should receive specialized training. The CIC procedure includes thorough hand and genital area cleansing, followed by careful catheter insertion to avoid contamination of surrounding tissues. Depending on the individual's ability to void, CIC will be either partial or complete. Partial CIC is recommended for individuals who are able to void partially. When implementing CIC, a collaborative model involving the patient, caregivers, and a multidisciplinary pediatric team specializing in lower urinary tract management should be adopted, and regular follow-up and efficacy assessments are required. Urodynamic study to determine the PVR and SBC in conjunction with a voiding/catheterization diary provides an objective basis for adjusting the frequency of catheterization and for determining whether to continue catheterization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This guideline established a standardized protocol for children who require CIC to facilitate bladder emptying.</p>","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"404-423"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical efficacy of growth hormone therapy in adolescent short stature during late puberty: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Ke Yuan, Yong-Hua Chen, Yan-Lan Fang, Xiao-Ming Ying, Jin-Ping Chen, Wei-Dong Su, Shun-Feng Mao, Jian-Ping Zhang, Qun-Hua Shen, Jian-Fang Zhu, Chun-Lin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12519-026-01030-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12519-026-01030-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23883,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"477-482"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13221340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147639962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}