World Journal of Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neuropathophysiology of COVID-19","authors":"I. Abi, E. Iwuozo, E. Abi, J. Ediale","doi":"10.4236/WJNS.2021.112010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNS.2021.112010","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has strained health systems \u0000all over the world. The SARS-CoV-2 which causes the disease is a corona virus \u0000that predominantly affects the respiratory systems. Since the outbreak of the \u0000novel disease in December, 2019 the scientific world has intensified efforts to \u0000elucidate its pathophysiology, mode of transmission, clinical manifestations, \u0000best mode of prevention and treatment options. Very little is known about its \u0000neuropathophysiology even though a significant number of patients come down \u0000with obvious neurological signs and symptoms. The virus has been reported to \u0000affect the nerves, muscles, the special senses and the central nervous system \u0000with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The mechanisms by which the virus \u0000causes all these are still not clear. This article \u0000attempts to review and articulate all possible existing theories surrounding \u0000the neurological effects of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"38 1","pages":"116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83004837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrative Account of Neural Network Interaction: Neuro-Messenger Theory","authors":"Tien-Wen Lee","doi":"10.4236/WJNS.2021.112011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNS.2021.112011","url":null,"abstract":"Neural interaction is realized by information exchange. It seemed that \u0000the information amount does not keep constant and may be reduced during the \u0000travel between neural nodes. In addition, recent research of neural coding has \u0000suggested that neural information could be represented by parsimonious spiking \u0000pattern, named sparse coding. Based on the above observation, neuro-messenger \u0000theory (NMT) is proposed to explicate the communicative process between the \u0000source and the target neural nodes. Neuro-messenger is a sparse code which does \u0000not have to carry every detail of the dynamics in source node. Other formats of \u0000neural coding (e.g., temporal and rate coding) could be the precursors of \u0000neuro-messengers, and the repeated spatiotemporal patterns buried in the \u0000ongoing brain activities may be the circulated neuro-messengers from diverse origins. Referred to \u0000chaos/complexity theory, information can be recovered at target node where \u0000neuro-messenger serves as a facilitator to locate the trajectory at proper attractor, and hence the associated psychological entity. In contrast to \u0000conventional concepts of encoding and decoding, the processes of encoding in \u0000source node, issuing neuro-messengers, and recovering information at \u0000target node are summarized as “three-facet coding scheme”. The design of \u0000neuro-messenger enables the brain to utilize energy in an efficient and \u0000economical way. NMT may have substantial implication in several major \u0000psychiatric disorders. Some psychiatric conditions could be mediated by \u0000abnormal neuro-messengers that coerce the regional neuro-dynamics to delve into \u0000maladaptive attractors and hence the characteristic symptoms.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":"124-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80336663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention on Stress Response of Nurses with PTSD in Operating Room","authors":"Yi Huang, Yajuan Ke, Hongying Zhu, Yun-Suo Gao, Duozhi Wu, Qiu Cai, Juncheng Guo","doi":"10.4236/WJNS.2021.111002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNS.2021.111002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention on nurses \u0000with PTSD by using cognitive behavioral intervention. Methods: The \u0000subjects were selected by randomized control method, and the PTSD nurses were \u0000divided into control group (n = 30) and intervention group (n = 30). The \u0000intervention group used cognitive behavioral intervention; the control group \u0000did not use cognitive behavioral intervention. Nurses with PTSD in the two \u0000groups completed the basic situation survey, medical coping questionnaire \u0000(MCMQ) and anxiety self-rating form (SAS) psychological scale one month later. Results: There was no significant difference in MCMQ and SAS scores between the two \u0000groups before intervention (P > 0.05). After intervention, the scores of \u0000MCMQ and SAS in the intervention group were compared with the scores of MOCQ \u0000and SAS in the control group. The scores of the control group after \u0000intervention were significantly higher than those of the intervention group, \u0000with statistical significance (P 0.05). It shows that cognitive \u0000behavioral intervention therapy has the effect and value of improving the \u0000psychological status of nurses with PTSD. Conclusion: Cognitive \u0000behavioral intervention therapy combined with psychology for nurses with PTSD \u0000can effectively relieve their stress level, relieve their mood, and improve \u0000their positive coping ability and work efficiency.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87332259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Stroke Sexual Disorders and Its Real-Life Experience within Couples in Brazzaville","authors":"J. Diatewa, Prince Eliot Galiéni Sounga Banzouzi, G. Mpandzou, Dina Happhia Motoula Latou, Gabrielle-Gracia Ontsira, Karen Obondzo Aloba, A. Odzébé, P. Ossou-Nguiet","doi":"10.4236/WJNS.2021.111004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNS.2021.111004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Post-stroke sequelae can have repercussions on the sexual life and \u0000relational life of patients and their partners. Objectives: To determine \u0000the frequencies of sexual disorders after a first stroke event; to identify the \u0000factors associated with sexual disorders; to explore the real-life experience \u0000of sexual disorders within couples. Methods: It was an analytical \u0000cross-sectional study, conducted on patients followed up for a first stroke and \u0000their partners. It was carried out at public and private hospitals in \u0000Brazzaville, Congo, during the period of patient follow-up, from May to \u0000September 2019 (5 months). The Female Sexual Function Index, International \u0000Index of Erectile Function 5 and interviews were used to describe sexual aspects. The real-life experience of \u0000couples was explored using standardized and pre-established questionnaires. Results: Of the 36 patients who had taken up again sexual intercourse after stroke, 29 \u0000(80.6%) were men. Among the post-stroke sexual disorders, erectile dysfunction \u0000(53.2%) and ejaculatory dysfunction (40.4%) were the most frequent in men. Decrease of sexual desire was predominant in women (100%). Factors associated with erectile \u0000dysfunction were sleep disorder (p = 0.007) and mean sleep duration per night \u0000(p = 0.01). Lack of verbal and non-verbal communication of sexual problems and \u0000psychological effects was noted in 77.8% of patients and 60% of their partners. \u0000The most frequent psychological effects were: in patients, frustration (52.8%), attitude of person decreased (50%) and \u0000sadness (41.7%); in partners, attitude of \u0000carer (86.7%). Conclusion: Post-stroke sexual disorders are frequent in \u0000our context. Sleep disorders and mean sleep duration per night, psychological \u0000factors seem to have a negative impact on the sexual life and relational life of stroke patients and their partners. It \u0000is important to improve the sex management of couples.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82274298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly (C)-Binding Protein 1: A Novel Function Attributed to the Nervous System Microenvironment","authors":"B. Jia, L. Huo, Mengling Ye, C. Liang","doi":"10.4236/WJNS.2021.111006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNS.2021.111006","url":null,"abstract":"Poly (C)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), which acts as an RNA binding protein, has multiple functions and regulates gene expression by binding to polycytosine, poly (C). The aim of the present study was to investigate the novel function of PCBP1 in the nervous system microenvironmen. The overexpression of PCBP1 has a critical effect on the proliferation and anti-apoptosis of neuroblastoma and glial cells in the direct model, whereas the overexpression of PCBP1 in neuroblastoma or glial cells cannot affect the proliferation or apoptosis of neuroblastoma or glial cells through substances secreted extracellularly. Fur-thermore, through direct or indirect actions, PCBP1 suppressed the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; addi-tionally, PCBP1 changed the expression of functional proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The results suggest that PCBP1 can regulate the nervous system in proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory re-sponse and expression of relevant functional proteins, and it could provide novel targets for gene treating human neurological disorders.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"200 1","pages":"48-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81079139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Palsy and Stroke—Early and Late Brain Lesion Present Differences in Systemic Biomarkers and Gene Expression Related to Muscle Contractures","authors":"J. Pingel, C. Potts, T. Petersen, J. Nielsen","doi":"10.4236/WJNS.2021.111005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNS.2021.111005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: CNS lesions that are acquired early in life e.g. cerebral palsy (CP) \u0000disturb muscle development and growth, while CNS injuries acquired later in \u0000life e.g. stroke, affect fully matured muscles and cause paresis and atrophy. These differences may result in different contracture \u0000phenotypes. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare systemic \u0000biomarkers and gene expression levels in muscle of individuals with CNS lesions \u0000acquired early and later in life. Methods: Blood samples and muscle \u0000biopsies were analyzed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Real-time \u0000PCR from n = 24 control participants, n = 14 individuals with cerebral palsy, \u0000and n = 12 stroke survivors. Results: Systemic markers: Myostatin was significantly decreased in both the cerebral palsy (p = 0.0051), and the stroke group (p = 0.036). Creatine \u0000Kinase-MB and C-Reactive Protein were significantly elevated in stroke patients \u0000only (p 0.034 respectively). Gene expressions: The expression of myostatin (MSTN) was significantly lower in both the ST and \u0000the CP group when compared to Ctrl (p = 0.02). In \u0000addition, collagen type 4A1 (COL4A1) was significantly lower in the CP \u0000group compared to the other groups (p = 0.015). Finally, the troponin 1 slow \u0000skeletal muscle type was significantly increased in the ST group when compared \u0000to both CP and Ctrl (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The downregulation of \u0000myostatin in individuals with both early and late CNS injury is likely a \u0000compensatory reaction to muscle weakness, reduced muscle mass and/or muscle atrophy. Changes in gene \u0000expression may reflect a specific alteration depending on when in life the CNS lesions were acquired.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"6 1","pages":"34-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75019104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Rare Complication of Spinal Anesthesia","authors":"R. Kabore, H. Ouiminga, L. Lompo, H. Sankara, A. Dabilgou, A. Dravé, Svetlana Barro Cherban, C. Napon, A. Millogo, J. Kaboré","doi":"10.4236/WJNS.2021.111001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNS.2021.111001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cerebral venous \u0000thrombosis (CVT) is a rare complication of spinal anesthesia. The diagnosis is \u0000difficult when it occurs by isolated headache, following post spinal puncture \u0000headache (PSPH). We report a case of cerebral venous thrombosis complicating \u0000PSPH, following a spinal anesthesia. Observation: A 23-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room for PSPH \u0000appeared 6 hours after a spinal aesthesia for removal of osteosynthesis equipment from the right tibial plateau. The \u0000headache was fronto-occipital, relieved \u0000by lying down. Six days later, headache became permanent, not relieved by morphine, associated with vomiting. The \u0000neurological examination was normal. Brain magnetic resonance Magnetic \u0000venography showed superior sagittal sinus and right transverse sinus \u0000thrombosis. After administration of low molecular weight heparin at curative \u0000dose, and warfarin under INR control, the evolution was marked by a rapid \u0000regression of headaches on the same day. After a 1-year setback, the patient was asymptomatic. Conclusion: CVT is a \u0000rare complication of spinal anesthesia and potentially severe if diagnosed lately. \u0000Urgent brain imaging must be performed for any atypical headache or the onset \u0000of neurological disorders so as not to misunderstand cerebral vein thrombosis. \u0000Controlling the spine anesthesia would reduce the inadvertent perforation of \u0000the dura-mother that would lead to CVT complicating post spinal puncture \u0000headaches.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78919755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-Cov-2 Infection Associating Peripheral, Autonomic and Central Nervous System Disturbances: Case Report and Review of the Literature","authors":"D. Younger","doi":"10.4236/WJNS.2021.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNS.2021.111003","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To describe post-infectious neurological aspects of COVID-19 in a \u0000patient with progressive post-infectious peripheral (PNS), autonomic (ANS) and \u0000central nervous system (CNS) involvement due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Background and Purpose: A variety of neurological manifestations have been \u0000described in association with Covid-19, however, progressive multisystem neurological aspects have not been described. Methods: A case report detailing the history, examination, and infectious serology \u0000associated with SARS-CoV-2, and subsequent neurodiagnostic laboratory testing \u0000and treatment. Results: Neurodiagnostic laboratory studies showed large-fiber \u0000demyelinating sensorimotor and painful small fiber sensory polyneuropathy, \u0000orthostatic hypotension, and hypometabolism of bilateral anterior and mesial \u0000temporal lobes with a possible frontal seizure focus. Treatment was initiated \u0000with high-dose immune globulin therapy. Conclusions: The combination of \u0000PNS, ANS and CNS involvement in this \u0000patient was associated with post-infectious acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84524292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management of 4 Cases of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia","authors":"Y. Sogoba, M. Diallo, B. Sogoba, Djènè Kourouma, I. B. Koumaré, M. Diallo, O. Coulibaly, M. Dama, M. Diarra, S. Diallo, S. Diallo, O. Diallo, Y. Maiga, D. Kanikomo","doi":"10.4236/wjns.2021.114020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjns.2021.114020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86340650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroplasticity in Spinal Trauma: A Current Narrative Review of Treatments","authors":"V. Freire, Lucas Cressoni de Souza, Mário Henrique de Lima Martinelli, Leonardo Moysés Sacchi, Thales Andolfo de Souza, A. Damin","doi":"10.4236/WJNS.2021.112008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/WJNS.2021.112008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23878,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"PAMI-3 1","pages":"91-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84810343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}