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An Investigation of Equilibrium Iron Thermochemistry in Flames 火焰中平衡铁的热化学研究
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2009-11-20 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X00903010042
S. Staude, B. Atakan
{"title":"An Investigation of Equilibrium Iron Thermochemistry in Flames","authors":"S. Staude, B. Atakan","doi":"10.2174/1874396X00903010042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00903010042","url":null,"abstract":"The thermochemistry of iron in flames has been investigated theoretically using the Cantera software package. The focus was placed on the iron intermediates as well as the conditions under which condensed phases of iron or iron- species could be expected in a flame. For this purpose, equilibrium calculations were carried out for iron seeded hydro- gen/oxygen/argon and propene/oxygen/argon gas mixtures at combustion relevant conditions. Varying stoichiometries over a wide range of temperatures and pressures were investigated. The results allow a prognosis which gas phase iron species may be expected in measurable concentrations at given flame conditions, and also whether condensed phases of iron or iron species are likely. Also, the effect of sampling probes on the gas mixture composition due to flame cooling is discussed.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133656722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Thermodynamics of the Deposition of Complex Waxes and Asphaltenes in Crude Oil 原油中复合蜡质和沥青质沉积的热力学
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2009-09-15 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X00903010034
R. Ball, J. C. Jones
{"title":"Thermodynamics of the Deposition of Complex Waxes and Asphaltenes in Crude Oil","authors":"R. Ball, J. C. Jones","doi":"10.2174/1874396X00903010034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00903010034","url":null,"abstract":"The thermodynamics of wax formation in crude oils is examined and additional insights obtained into the problem. We show that a correlation for cloud point, or wax apppearance temperature, obtained for pure-substance waxes may be extended to mixtures of hydrocarbons, thereby generalising the usefulness of the correlation. We apply the colligative equation for freezing point depression to quantify the analogous activity of wax inhibitors. The limits of applicability of an empirical formula that relates wax molecular weight and wax density are examined. We extend the analysis to the high molecular weight asphaltenes.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126134590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
A Unified Model for Representing Densities and Viscosities ofHydrocarbon Liquids and Gases Based on Peng-Robinson Equation ofState 基于Peng-Robinson状态方程的油气密度和粘度统一表示模型
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2009-09-02 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X00903010024
Li-sheng Wang, Huichao Lv
{"title":"A Unified Model for Representing Densities and Viscosities ofHydrocarbon Liquids and Gases Based on Peng-Robinson Equation ofState","authors":"Li-sheng Wang, Huichao Lv","doi":"10.2174/1874396X00903010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00903010024","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a volume translation for the Peng-Robinson (PR) cubic equation of state (EOS) for a better description of densities. A viscosity model has been developed based on the similarity between PVT and TμP relationship. The viscosity model can also describe the relation of the saturated vapor pressure with temperature. The volume translated PR EOS and the EOS based viscosity model are applicable to both liquid and gas phase and both sub and supercritical regions for pure hydrocarbons.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116511873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Transition to Instability in Segmented Rijke Tube 分段Rijke管的失稳过渡
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2009-08-09 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X010040100141
R. Hernandez, K. Matveev
{"title":"Transition to Instability in Segmented Rijke Tube","authors":"R. Hernandez, K. Matveev","doi":"10.2174/1874396X010040100141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X010040100141","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoacoustic instabilities can arise in systems where unsteady heat release is favorably coupled with acous- tic pressure oscillations. A modified Rijke tube with segments having different sections is found to have lower threshold levels of heat addition rate needed for exciting the fundamental acoustic mode of the tube. Experiments indicate that about 115 W of heating power is required to produce sound in the 90-cm-long segmented tube, while over 230 W is needed in 60-cm-long and 90-cm-long tubes with constant-area cross sections. One of the causes for lowering the threshold of heat addition rate is due to a significant reduction of the resonator natural frequency. The presented results suggest an impor- tance of including the system geometry details into analysis of practical devices prone to thermoacoustic instabilities.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116054987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Editorial Comment on Gas Hydrates 对天然气水合物的评论
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2009-07-23 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X00903010023
J. Jones
{"title":"Editorial Comment on Gas Hydrates","authors":"J. Jones","doi":"10.2174/1874396X00903010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00903010023","url":null,"abstract":"I was in this frame of mind when reading the other day the recent contribution to OTJ by Ohgaki et al. [2]. This is concerned with gas hydrates, and in the relatively short time since its submission to OTJ I have myself undertaken some work on the thermodynamics of natural gas hydrates [2-5]. These are of course gas hydrates with methane as the ‘guest molecule’. The authors of [1] emphasise that phase equilibrium exists in the hydrates upon which they perform their measurements. It means that the guest molecules in the hydrates and the same chemical species in gaseous form contacting the hydrate are in phase equilibrium. I have been concerned in my own work with whether under such circumstances the system can be treated as a single component one, in which case the ice has the role of a passive container.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115618476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Joule Inversion Temperatures for Some Simple Real Gases 一些简单实际气体的焦耳反转温度
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2009-05-06 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X00903010017
E. Albarrán-Zavala, B. K. Espinoza-Elizarrarazubo, F. Angulo-Brown
{"title":"Joule Inversion Temperatures for Some Simple Real Gases","authors":"E. Albarrán-Zavala, B. K. Espinoza-Elizarrarazubo, F. Angulo-Brown","doi":"10.2174/1874396X00903010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00903010017","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work we calculate inversion temperatures Ti, for some simple real gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr and H2) in the case of a Joule expansion; that is, a free adiabatic expansion. These calculations are made by means of an intermo- lecular potential of the Lennard-Jones type (12, 6), slightly modified by using a Jagla linear ramp in the repulsive part of the potential. For the Helium we find a Ti in agreement with both previous calculations published by other authors and with experimental results. For Ne and Ar our results are also within the interval of values previously reported, and for Kr we also obtain a very high inversion temperature as some other authors. However, for H2 we find a Ti approximately twice to big than its estimated experimental value. This last calculation is corrected if we use a short ranged Lennard-Jones potential of the type (24, 12), obtaining a result in good agreement with the recognized experimental value.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125950937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Correlation of High Pressure Density Behaviors for Fluid Mixtures made of Carbon Dioxide with Solvent at 313.15 K 313.15 K下二氧化碳与溶剂混合流体高压密度行为的相关性
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2009-02-24 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X00903010001
Masahiro Kato, M. Kokubo, Kensuke Ohashi, A. Sato, D. Kodama
{"title":"Correlation of High Pressure Density Behaviors for Fluid Mixtures made of Carbon Dioxide with Solvent at 313.15 K","authors":"Masahiro Kato, M. Kokubo, Kensuke Ohashi, A. Sato, D. Kodama","doi":"10.2174/1874396X00903010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00903010001","url":null,"abstract":"High pressure density behaviors for fluid mixtures made of carbon dioxide with solvent, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 2-propyl acetate, methanol, 1-propanol, or 2-propanol, at 313.15 K were satisfactorily correlated. The standard deviations were between 0.4 and 2.2 kg m -3 in density for each system in the composition range from 0.00 to 0.95 mole fraction of carbon dioxide.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129334742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Isothermal Phase Equilibria for Methane + Ethane + Water Ternary System Containing Gas Hydrates 含天然气水合物的甲烷+乙烷+水三元体系的等温相平衡
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X00802010100
S. Hashimoto, Arata Sasatani, Yuuki Matsui, T. Sugahara, K. Ohgaki
{"title":"Isothermal Phase Equilibria for Methane + Ethane + Water Ternary System Containing Gas Hydrates","authors":"S. Hashimoto, Arata Sasatani, Yuuki Matsui, T. Sugahara, K. Ohgaki","doi":"10.2174/1874396X00802010100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00802010100","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that methane + ethane mixed-gas hydrate exhibits the structural phase transition between struc- ture-I and -II although both of pure guest species form the structure-I hydrate at certain pressures and temperatures (Subramanian, Kini, Dec and Sloan, Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 55, pp. 1981-1999, June 2000). In the present study, isothermal phase equilibrium (pressure - composition) relations for the methane + ethane mixed-gas hydrate system were measured accurately at 279.1 K - 288.1 K. In addition, the equilibrium composition in the mixed-gas hydrate phase was investigated by mass and volume balances analysis. At all temperature conditions, the equilibrium curves exhibit discontinuity around given equilibrium compositions (water free), which supports that the structural phase transition occurs. The pressure of structural transition point increases as temperature rises, and the mole fractions of both hydrate phases at the structural transition point are almost independent of temperature.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121730369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Thermodynamic and Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Ar Hydrate System 水合物氩体系的热力学和拉曼光谱研究
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2008-10-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X00802010095
Keisuke Sugahara, Ryuji Kaneko, Arata Sasatani, T. Sugahara, K. Ohgaki
{"title":"Thermodynamic and Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Ar Hydrate System","authors":"Keisuke Sugahara, Ryuji Kaneko, Arata Sasatani, T. Sugahara, K. Ohgaki","doi":"10.2174/1874396X00802010095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00802010095","url":null,"abstract":"The three-phase coexisting curve of Ar hydrate + water + gas has been investigated in a pressure range up to 485 MPa and a temperature range of (279.57 to 305.32) K. The Raman spectrum of intermolecular O-O stretching vibra- tion mode has been measured for Ar hydrate crystal along the stability boundary curve. Both the discontinuity of slope of the three-phase coexisting curve and the pressure dependence of the Raman shift reveal that two structural phase transition points exist at (281±1) MPa and (302.7±0.1) K, (456±1) MPa and (304.6±0.1) K in a pressure range up to 485 MPa for the Ar hydrate system.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133228922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
BLEVE: Theory and Importance in Oil Recovery BLEVE:石油开采的理论和重要性
The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2008-09-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X00802010089
A. Clifford
{"title":"BLEVE: Theory and Importance in Oil Recovery","authors":"A. Clifford","doi":"10.2174/1874396X00802010089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00802010089","url":null,"abstract":"BLEVEs as phenomena are defined as extremely violent explosions that may occur when liquids and high- density fluids under pressure are subject to a failure in the containing vessel. Some examples are given and the theory of BLEVEs explained. Oil recovery and carbon capture and storage have made BLEVE relevant today. likely to be the explanation (or at least one of the explana- tions) of BLEVEs. A brief explanation of this theory can be given with the aid of Fig. (1), which is a diagram of the rela- tionship between the pressure in a substance and the volume it occupies as a liquid, gas or fluid at constant temperature, i.e. the p-V cross-section of the phase diagram. These iso- therms were first observed for carbon dioxide by Thomas Andrews, working in the north of Ireland.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127219916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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