The Open Thermodynamics Journal最新文献

Explosion Characteristics of a Volatile Explosive 挥发性炸药的爆炸特性

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2013-04-03 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01307010088

S. El-Sayed

引用次数: 1

High Temperature Mass Spectrometric Study of Thermodynamic Properties and Vaporization Processes of Oxide Systems: Experiment and Modeling 高温质谱法研究氧化物系统的热力学性质和汽化过程:实验和模型

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2013-03-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01307010057

V. Stolyarova

{"title":"High Temperature Mass Spectrometric Study of Thermodynamic Properties and Vaporization Processes of Oxide Systems: Experiment and Modeling","authors":"V. Stolyarova","doi":"10.2174/1874396X01307010057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X01307010057","url":null,"abstract":"The unique opportunities and features of high temperature mass spectrometric method for study vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of oxide systems and materials (glasses, ceramics and coatings) were considered. Various types of vapour species were found over oxide systems studied such as the associated, dissociated and polymerized products of vaporization. The regularities of the vaporization of the binary and multicomponent oxide systems according to the position of oxide modifier in the Periodic table of atoms were illustrated and discussed from the point of view of the acid-base concept. Results on determination of thermodynamic functions in oxide systems were considered taking into account the main requirements for the confirmation of their reliability. Thermodynamic functions of oxide systems studied showed various signs of the deviations from the ideality. The general lattice theory of associated solutions was used for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of the ternary silicate melts studied. Based on this theory the correlation between thermodynamic functions obtained in the systems under consideration and the number of various types of bonds formed in these melts was illustrated. Using this approach the different levels of deviations from the ideality in the melts studied were clarified. Examples of the practical applications of high temperature mass spectrometry for developing advanced materials were shown.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124613982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Investigation of New Intermetallic Bonds and Molecules by Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry Integrated with ab Initio Calculations 结合从头计算的Knudsen液质谱法研究新的金属间键和分子

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2013-03-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01307010077

A. Ciccioli, G. Gigli

引用次数: 0

Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry: Technique for Obtaining Useful Thermodynamic Information and for Studying Interesting Vaporization Chemistry 克努森液质谱法:获得有用热力学信息和研究有趣汽化化学的技术

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2013-03-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01307010010

T. S. L. Narasimhan, R. Viswanathan

{"title":"Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry: Technique for Obtaining Useful Thermodynamic Information and for Studying Interesting Vaporization Chemistry","authors":"T. S. L. Narasimhan, R. Viswanathan","doi":"10.2174/1874396X01307010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X01307010010","url":null,"abstract":"Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS) is a very powerful technique for studying the vaporization thermodynamics of inorganic systems at high temperatures. Although primarily one examines the vapor phase, information about condensed phases are also obtained through careful measurements and analysis of the results in accordance with the phase rule. In this paper, we have shown the capability of KEMS to yield information of practical importance and fundamental interest - essentially by drawing examples from the vaporization studies on some systems of tellurium, conducted in our laboratory for over two decades. The KEMS studies on M-Te (M = Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo, and Mn, the major components of stainless steel) and Mn-Te-O systems provided the pertinent information as to under what conditions the fission product Te can cause the chemical attack of 316 stainless steel cladding material used in fast breeder nuclear reactors. The study of Mn-Te and Mn-Te-O systems also reveal the effects of condensed phase transitions on the vaporization behavior. Results of such studies are discussed in detail so that KEMS studies of this type will be undertaken more often in the future.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129378479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Twenty Years of Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry: Studies Performed in the Period 1990-2010 二十年的Knudsen积液质谱分析:1990-2010年期间进行的研究

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2013-03-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01307010002

Mirosław Miller, K. Armatys

引用次数: 14

Mass Spectrometric Study of Stability, Thermochemistry and Structures of the Gaseous Oxyacid Salts 气态氧酸盐稳定性、热化学和结构的质谱研究

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2013-03-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01307010035

S. Lopatin, S. Shugurov

引用次数: 3

Investigations at High Temperature in Both Equilibrium and Kinetic State with Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) and a Skimmer Integrated Coupling System of Mass Spectrometer and Thermal Analysis (STAMS) Knudsen液质谱(KEMS)和撇油质热分析集成耦合系统(STAMS)研究高温平衡态和动力学态

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2013-03-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01307010071

D. Kobertz, C. Guguschev, Michael Müller

引用次数: 4

Editorial - Thermodynamics Of Inorganic Systems By High Temperature Mass Spectrometry 编辑-无机系统的高温质谱热力学

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2013-03-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01307010001

Mirosław Miller, L. Bencze, R. Viswanathan

{"title":"Editorial - Thermodynamics Of Inorganic Systems By High Temperature Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Mirosław Miller, L. Bencze, R. Viswanathan","doi":"10.2174/1874396X01307010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X01307010001","url":null,"abstract":"More and more modern technologies are based on the processes taking place at high and very high temperatures. Among them solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology, production of the new power-efficient light sources and novel metallurgical processes (as separation of lanthanide and actinides by chemical vapour transport) should be noticed. The devices working at high temperatures, under different atmospheres and consisting of various chemicals being in a long-term contact often require application of materials of special properties. The corrosion, diffusion or vaporization processes, negligent under the ambient conditions, become the limiting factors of materials to be applied at high temperatures. It is a reason why interest of thermodynamic properties of the chemical components at high temperatures (of 1000 – 2000 K) is recently increasing. The knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the gaseous phase is necessary for a complete description of the chemical system under aforementioned conditions. Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry became in the last decades the most powerful tool in this kind of investigations.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128557608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of the Mixing Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Ternary Alloys by Fitting the Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometric Data to the Redlich-Kister-Muggianu Sub-Regular Solution Model 用Knudsen渗出质谱数据拟合Redlich-Kister-Muggianu亚规则溶液模型测定三元合金液体混合热力学性质

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2013-03-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01307010021

L. Bencze, A. Popovič

{"title":"Determination of the Mixing Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Ternary Alloys by Fitting the Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometric Data to the Redlich-Kister-Muggianu Sub-Regular Solution Model","authors":"L. Bencze, A. Popovič","doi":"10.2174/1874396X01307010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X01307010021","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the vaporisation of four liquid ternary-alloy systems, namely, Cu-In-Sn, Ag-In-Sn, Al-Cu-Sn and Cu-Sb-Sn, on the basis of our previous Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric (KEMS) investigations of these systems. The thermodynamic activities and the thermodynamic functions (Gibbs energy, enthalpy, entropy) of mixing were determined using selected standard KEMS procedures (i.e., Simple Pressure Calibration Method (SPC), Oligomer Composition Change Method (OCC), Isothermal Evaporation Method (IEM) and Gibbs-Duhem Ion Intensity Ratio Method (GD-IIR)). In addition, the same thermodynamic quantities, as well as the so-called ternary interaction (L-) parameters, were also obtained from the composition dependence of the measured ion-intensity ratios using a new mathematical procedure (RKM-KEMS). The essence of this new procedure is the fitting of the measured intensity-ratio data were to the Redlich-Kister-Muggianu (RKM) sub-regular solution model, and this model is valid for many liquid ternary alloys, including the systems reviewed here. A full description of the mathematical derivation of RKM-KEMS is given in this work. The primary and intermediate data, obtained directly from the multiple-regression as output data, are the RKM ternary interaction L-parameters. From these quantities, the integral molar excess Gibbs energy, the excess chemical potentials, the activity coefficients and the activities were evaluated in this order. In addition, using the temperature dependence of activities, the integral and partial molar excess enthalpies and entropies could also be determined. The thermodynamic data obtained with the above-mentioned conventional KEMS methods and with the new RKM-KEMS procedure were compared and a good agreement was obtained for the systems studied.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125289970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Design and performance evaluation of a cooler refrigerating system working with ozone friendly refrigerant 使用臭氧友好型制冷剂的冷却器制冷系统的设计与性能评价

The Open Thermodynamics Journal Pub Date : 2012-11-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874396X01206010025

Bukola Olalekan Bolaji, A. O. Akintaro, O. Alamu, T. Olayanju

{"title":"Design and performance evaluation of a cooler refrigerating system working with ozone friendly refrigerant","authors":"Bukola Olalekan Bolaji, A. O. Akintaro, O. Alamu, T. Olayanju","doi":"10.2174/1874396X01206010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X01206010025","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a cooler refrigerating system was designed, constructed and tested with various charge quantities of an ozone friendly hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerant (R134a) as working fluid. The results obtained showed that the design temperature and pull-down time set by International Standard Organisation (ISO) for small refrigerator were early achieved with refrigerant charges of 100 and 120 g than with 60 and 80 g charges. Approximately the same pull-down time and minimum temperature of -14°C were obtained with refrigerant charges of 100 and 120 g. Discharge pressure is about the same for 60, 80 and 100 g refrigerant charges, but significant increase in discharge pressure was observed as the refrigerant charge increased to 120 g. The rate of increase in the refrigerating capacity and the COP with respect to evaporator temperature for refrigerant charge of 60 g to 100 g are higher than that for refrigerant charge of 120 g. Highest refrigerating capacity and COP of 4.404 kW and 3.1, respectively, were obtained in the cooler refrigerator with 100 g charge. Generally, the best performance of the cooler was obtained with refrigerant charge of 100 g and increase in the charge beyond 100 g affected the performance of the cooler negatively.","PeriodicalId":238681,"journal":{"name":"The Open Thermodynamics Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124986191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3