World Mycotoxin Journal最新文献_第3页

Multi-mycotoxin production of cheese-derived fungal strains in vitro and in cheese models 体外和干酪模型中干酪来源真菌菌株的多种真菌毒素生产

IF 2 4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2023.2831

S. Ozturkoglu-Budak, H. C. Akal, H. Öztürk

{"title":"Multi-mycotoxin production of cheese-derived fungal strains in vitro and in cheese models","authors":"S. Ozturkoglu-Budak, H. C. Akal, H. Öztürk","doi":"10.3920/wmj2023.2831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2023.2831","url":null,"abstract":"With regards to the cheese industry, fungal growth is a widespread problem and usually producers make effort to avoid fungal development due to mycotoxin formation which adversely affects human health, reduces product quality, and causes economic losses. However, some fungal strains are also used as secondary cultures to obtain developed sensory properties in cheese as a result of the enzymatic activities of these strains. Non-commercial strains isolated from mould-ripened cheeses and/or autochthonous strains that spontaneously grown on cheese have much greater effect on the acquisition of appreciated sensory and textural characteristics in cheese. Autochthon strains particularly ensure a characteristic aroma of traditional cheeses that are not commercially produced and can be a potential adjunct providing not produce mycotoxins. In this study, 14 different Penicillium species previously isolated from traditional mould-ripened cheeses in cave were investigated for their mycotoxin production in both in vitro culture medium and in situ in cheese model. The results revealed that although individual strains produced various and higher amounts of mycotoxins in the culture medium, the number of produced mycotoxins and the obtained values were determined quite low in the cheese medium. The outcomes of this study highlight the mycotoxin production of strains depends on the composition and structure of the food matrix that they integrated and many different factors, such as presence of free fatty acids, antimicrobial and antifungal compounds of lactic acid bacteria, lack of carbohydrate sources, and sulfhydryl-containing compounds, such as cysteine and glutathione. Therefore, the method used in this study has a potential to be a new solution in the industry to produce mould-ripened cheeses under controlled conditions without any potential health risk.","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46633447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungal species and multi-mycotoxin in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚小麦中的真菌种类和多种真菌毒素

IF 2 4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2820

M. Getahun, C. Fininsa, A. Mohammed, Z. Bekeko, M. Sulyok

{"title":"Fungal species and multi-mycotoxin in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ethiopia","authors":"M. Getahun, C. Fininsa, A. Mohammed, Z. Bekeko, M. Sulyok","doi":"10.3920/wmj2022.2820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2022.2820","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is sub-Saharan Africa’s greatest wheat producer. However, its production, productivity and utilisations are constrained by fungal infections, which lead to yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations. The present study was aimed to determined fungal species and multi-mycotoxins in wheat grain samples (n=178) collected during the 2020 cropping season in Ethiopia. Different fungal genera of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Rhizopus species were isolated from the infected grain samples, of which Fusarium species were abundantly prevalent. Multi-mycotoxin analysis done using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS). Overall, 49 metabolites of different fungal species including masked, regulated and emerging mycotoxins were detected and categorised into eight groups. Among major mycotoxins and derivatives, deoxynivalenol was frequently detected in about 70.8% of samples with the maximum concertation 15,900 μg/kg, followed by its masked metabolites of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside detected in 64% of the samples with maximum level 2,120 μg/kg. Among Fusarium metabolites, 15-hydroxyculmorin was detected in 46.6% of wheat samples with maximum level of 4,290 μg/kg, while chrysogin, enniatin B and culmorin were detected in 58.4, 43.3 and 44.9%, of the wheat samples with maximum levels of 154, 325 and 2,860 μg/kg, respectively. Among Alternaria metabolites tenuazonic acid was most prevalent mycotoxin occurring in 79.2% of samples with maximum level (236 μg/kg). Furthermore, metabolites from other fungal genera were detected at different levels. The widespread presence and high amount of multi-mycotoxin in wheat samples indicated proportionately higher exposure levels, which could result in serious food safety and health consequences. Integrating several management strategies both before and after harvest may lower the risk of mycotoxin contamination in wheat, being used as diversified food products in the country.","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49524116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current sampling plans can introduce high variance in mycotoxin testing results as demonstrated by the online FAO Mycotoxin Sampling Tool 如粮农组织真菌毒素在线采样工具所示，目前的采样计划可能会导致真菌毒素检测结果的高度差异

IF 2 4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2804

引用次数: 0

Aflatoxin in peanuts and maize: an overview on occurrence, regulations, prevention, and control methods 花生和玉米黄曲霉毒素的发生、调控及防治方法综述

IF 2 4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2786

M. Ahmad, Z. Han, Q. Kong

{"title":"Aflatoxin in peanuts and maize: an overview on occurrence, regulations, prevention, and control methods","authors":"M. Ahmad, Z. Han, Q. Kong","doi":"10.3920/wmj2022.2786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2022.2786","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins belong to a group of highly carcinogenic mycotoxins, produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in various agricultural food commodities. It is hard to eliminate them from food and feed due to their high stability. Aflatoxin contamination in food grains, particularly peanut and maize, continues to cause significant health concerns in the population of developing nations. They can be fatal to humans and animals. Several actions can be taken to protect both humans and animals by following all applicable laws and regulations controlling aflatoxins, preventing pre- and post-harvest contamination, reducing the synthesis of aflatoxins, decontamination, and detoxification. This review will focus on the occurrence of aflatoxins, factors affecting aflatoxin production, worldwide regulations of aflatoxins, adverse effects on health and economy, prevention, and control strategies for aflatoxins, specifically in peanuts and corn, to assure food safety and security. This review is intended to be educational not just for health-conscious consumers but also for authorities in the field to pave the path for future research to address the gaps in knowledge about mycotoxins and food safety.","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42989069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway extrolites in airborne Aspergilli series Versicolores 空气传播曲霉黄曲霉毒素生物合成途径外源性物质

IF 2 4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2809

A. Géry, B. Basset, N. Gounel, M. Gosselin, E. Richard, V. Séguin, J. Bonhomme, D. Garon

{"title":"Aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway extrolites in airborne Aspergilli series Versicolores","authors":"A. Géry, B. Basset, N. Gounel, M. Gosselin, E. Richard, V. Séguin, J. Bonhomme, D. Garon","doi":"10.3920/wmj2022.2809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2022.2809","url":null,"abstract":"The Aspergilli of the series Versicolores include several airborne species to which we are exposed daily. Most of them synthesise sterigmatocystin, a mycotoxin precursor of aflatoxins recognised as potentially carcinogenic for humans (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Our objective was to study the potential role of these moulds in the synthesis of extrolites of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway. A total of 124 isolates belonging to the eight species of the series Versicolores collected in French bioaerosols were studied: Aspergillus amoenus (n=1), Aspergillus creber (n=45), Aspergillus fructus (n=2), Aspergillus jensenii (n=39), Aspergillus protuberus (n=6), Aspergillus puulaauensis (n=5), Aspergillus sydowii (n=14) and Aspergillus tabacinus (n=2). All these isolates and a reference strain of each species were extracted using ethyl acetate acidified with 1% (v/v) acetic acid. In each extract, we screened for the following extrolites of the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway by UPLC-HRMS: norsolorinic acid, versicolorin A, 6-demethylsterigmatocystin, sterigmatocystin, 8-O-methylsterigmatocystin, 5-methoxysterigmatocystin and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. All extrolites, except aflatoxins, were found variably among species. Sterigmatocystin was found in extracts of all eight Versicolores species, including A. sydowii and A. tabacinus whose ability to synthesise sterigmatocystin was questioned or unknown, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45583132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occurrence and associated risk factors of aflatoxin contamination in animal feeds and raw milk from three agroecological zones of Tanzania 坦桑尼亚三个农业生态区动物饲料和生乳中黄曲霉毒素污染的发生及相关危险因素

IF 2 4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2801

S.J. Kitigwa, E. Kimaro, Y. Nagagi, J. Kussaga, R. Suleiman, A. Matemu

{"title":"Occurrence and associated risk factors of aflatoxin contamination in animal feeds and raw milk from three agroecological zones of Tanzania","authors":"S.J. Kitigwa, E. Kimaro, Y. Nagagi, J. Kussaga, R. Suleiman, A. Matemu","doi":"10.3920/wmj2022.2801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2022.2801","url":null,"abstract":"Aflatoxins (AFs) are natural toxic compounds produced by a specific type of fungi, which subsequently contaminate foods and animal feeds, potentially carcinogenic to humans. This study assessed the AFs awareness, prevalence and associated risk factors through a survey of the smallholder dairy farmers (SDFs) and livestock feeds and raw cow milk samples from three agroecological zones in Tanzania. The aflatoxin awareness among SDFs (419) and agrovet dealers (26) was 23.2% and 50%, respectively. The prevalence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in livestock feeds from agrovet dealers, and SDFs was 88.5 and 86.2%, with a concentration ranging from a limit of detection (LOD) to 22.99 and 32.9 μg/kg, respectively. However, 15.38 and 22.5% of AFB1 detected samples from agrovet dealers and SDFs exceeded the European Union (EU) and Tanzanian Bureau of Standards (TBS) limits of 5 μg/kg for dairy cow feeds. The prevalence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw cow milk was 30.7%, of which 27.9% exceeded the EU and TBS limits of 0.05 μg/l for raw cow milk. The risk factors associated with AFB1 and AFM1 were cattle feeding systems: zero-grazing (odds ratio (OR) = 11.3 (1.5-22.9)) and mixed feeding (OR=16.0 (1.4-43.6)), use of concentrates feeds (OR=12.0 (0.6-55.6)), mixed feeding (OR=5.0 (0.5-11.1)); feed handling and storage practices: no moisture content measurement (OR=2.0 (0.3-15.0)) and storing feeds (OR=3.6 (1.7-8.5)); agroecological zones: central zone (OR=15.2 (5.4-50.6)) and northern zone (OR=2.1 (0.7-7.3)); aflatoxin (AF) awareness and level of education: primary (OR=16.0 (2.5-155.3)) and secondary education (OR=8.0 (2.14-43.9)) (P<0.05). This study revealed a high prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in animal feeds and raw cow milk, suggesting a potential health risk to consumers. Therefore, it is vital to increase awareness and knowledge on AFs, proper handling, storage and monitoring of feeds among the stakeholders in the dairy value chain.","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48188000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2021-22 真菌毒素分析的发展:2021- 2022年最新情况

4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-25 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2822

S.A. Tittlemier, B. Cramer, M.C. DeRosa, V.M.T. Lattanzio, R. Malone, C. Maragos, M. Stranska, M.W. Sumarah

引用次数: 1

Assessment of agricultural practices by Ethiopian women farmers: existence of gender disparities in access to mycotoxins training 埃塞俄比亚女农民农业实践评估:在获得霉菌毒素培训方面存在性别差异

4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2827

C. Cervini, B. Abegaz, A. Mohammed, R. Elias, A. Medina, K. Gebre, C. Verheecke-Vaessen

{"title":"Assessment of agricultural practices by Ethiopian women farmers: existence of gender disparities in access to mycotoxins training","authors":"C. Cervini, B. Abegaz, A. Mohammed, R. Elias, A. Medina, K. Gebre, C. Verheecke-Vaessen","doi":"10.3920/wmj2022.2827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2022.2827","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ethiopia is one of the countries with the lowest gender-equality performance in sub-Saharan Africa being ranked 121/134 in terms of the magnitude and scope of gender disparities by the United Nations Women’s Organisation. Within the farming communities, women represent 70% of the labour force, but they are neglected from accessing training events run by Ethiopian Universities (e.g. Haramaya University). A survey to assess the existence of gender disparities among Ethiopian women farmers with respect to agricultural labour and mycotoxins knowledge was conducted on three hundred and forty-nine women from the Oromia and Amhara regions. A higher illiteracy rate was found in women compared to men from both Oromia and Amhara regions. Women played a key role in agricultural activities while having limited access to modern technologies compared to their male counterparts. Women were mainly responsible for sorting spoiled crops. Especially in Amhara, these were intended for home consumption, representing a serious health risk for local people. Overall, women from Amhara were more aware than women from Oromia about what mycotoxins are (e.g. aflatoxins), their impact and risk of occurrence in crops. Women in Amhara were also more intended to act towards mycotoxins in the future compared to women from Oromia. Only 0.24% of women have previously attended a training on mycotoxins. The radio seemed to be the most efficient way to deliver training to Ethiopian women farmers from these regions. Mycotoxins trainings were the second option of choice by all women surveyed. Such findings clearly stated the existence of gender inequality in the two Ethiopian regions considered. Empower women’s knowledge about mycotoxins will not only benefit agricultural income and the national economy, but it will also provide women the recognition they equally deserve alongside their male counterparts in future agricultural training programs and interventions.","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135758874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of natural active substances in food on the toxicity of patulin 食品中天然活性物质对展霉素毒性的影响

IF 2 4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2022.2794

C. Huang, B. Zhang, D. Xu

引用次数: 0

The effect of gamma irradiation, microwaves, and roasting on aflatoxin levels in pistachio kernels γ射线、微波和烘烤对开心果仁中黄曲霉毒素含量的影响

IF 2 4区医学

World Mycotoxin Journal Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.3920/wmj2021.2755

E. Sadeghi, S. Solaimanimehr, M. Mirzazadeh, S. Jamshidpoor

{"title":"The effect of gamma irradiation, microwaves, and roasting on aflatoxin levels in pistachio kernels","authors":"E. Sadeghi, S. Solaimanimehr, M. Mirzazadeh, S. Jamshidpoor","doi":"10.3920/wmj2021.2755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/wmj2021.2755","url":null,"abstract":"Pistachio is the second largest non-oil export in Iran. The most important problem in pistachio export is its contamination with aflatoxin. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of several physical and chemical methods on the qualitative, qualitative and sensory properties of pistachios from Iran as well as the associated residual aflatoxin levels. This study investigated the effects of roasting (temperature 120 °C for 20 and 40 min), gamma radiation (2.5 and 5 KGy), and microwave (1 and 2 min) methods on pistachios and their qualitative characteristics, including moisture, colour, and sensory properties. In addition, aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins were artificially added to pistachios to determine the level of aflatoxin remaining after chemical and physical methods. The results showed that the lowest residual level of aflatoxin B1 was related to combined microwave and irradiation methods. Further, the combined methods showed the lowest total aflatoxins residue so the lowest total aflatoxins residue after chemical contamination of 8 μg/kg aflatoxin was related to the combined methods of 5 KGy irradiations with 2 min of the microwave. In addition, the microwaved and irradiated samples did not differ significantly from the control samples in terms of sensory characteristics (P<0.05). It can be concluded that these methods can be successfully applied without adversely affecting the characteristics of pistachios. Considering the position of pistachios in domestic and global markets, these processes can be used to reduce aflatoxins, improve the quality of pistachios, and increase export.","PeriodicalId":23844,"journal":{"name":"World Mycotoxin Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45356032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0