Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology最新文献

{"title":"[Development of a numerically additive combined vaccine against tetanus and smallpox].","authors":"A Mayr,&nbsp;G Baljer,&nbsp;C Wagner,&nbsp;J Sailer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mandatory vaccination against smallpox was abolished on the account of smallpox-eradication proclaimed by the WHO and the postvaccinal complications detected after smallpox vaccination. At the same time vaccine banks with the vaccinia virus strain \"Elstree\" were organized. Should mass vaccinations with this vaccinia virus strain be carried out in a case of emergency, severe postvaccinal diseases and complications can arise in overaged and immunosuppressed vaccinees after primovaccination. Therefore attenuated vaccinia virus strains should be used for vaccine banks, which cannot be activated, or increase in virulence in impaired vaccinees after primovaccination. For these individuals the vaccinia virus strain \"MVA\", among other attenuated vaccinia strains, is recommended. The MVA virus strain can be applied parenterally without complications. From the scientific and field-relevant point of view it was tried to combine the vaccinia virus strain \"MVA\" with tetanus toxoid and to develop a combination vaccine \"tetanus-smallpox\". In immunization experiments using mice, piglets and monkeys, safety and efficacy of the vaccine were investigated. Efficacy was demonstrated by means of postvaccinal antibody determination and by the mouse protection test. Tetanus antitoxin was measured by ELISA and indirect hemagglutination test, antibody levels to vaccinia virus were investigated employing the neutralization test and hemagglutination inhibition test. No significant differences in potency could be demonstrated between the combination vaccine and the corresponding monovalent vaccines in mice, piglets and monkeys. The combination vaccine consisted of 12 Lf tetanus toxoid and 10 TCID50 vaccinia virus \"MVA\" preserved with gelatine and glucosamine. The double intramuscular immunization of monkeys stimulated average tetanus antitoxin titers of 1:310 and average vaccinia virus titers of 1:195 2 weeks p. revacc. Similar results were obtained in mice and piglets. Side reactions were not observed in mice and piglets. Except for occasional local reactions of short duration at the injection site of the monkeys, similarly no adverse reactions were observed after intramuscular vaccination with the combination vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"259 2","pages":"206-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14124929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Echovirus 11 outbreak among premature newborn infants in a neonatal intensive care unit].","authors":"J Steinmann,&nbsp;K Albrecht","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During a period of 3 weeks, 17 premature neonates 4 of them weighing less than 1000 g at birth became infected with echovirus 11 in a neonatal intensive-care unit. Beside 3 inapparent infections, severe 'septicaemic' illness was observed among 5 premature neonates combined with meningitis and apnoeic attacks. 4 neonates presented meningitis as the predominant clinical feature and 3 showed gastrointestinal symptoms without neurological involvement. 2 children experienced a febrile illness with apnoea and bradycardia. All babies recovered. Echovirus 11 could be isolated in 51 of 74 (68.9%) specimens, mainly from stool samples. The source of this epidemic outbreak has remained unclear. Virus isolations and serological examinations of antibodies of the IgM class showed that one mother and her eldest child and 3 staff members of the unit had been infected during this epidemic outbreak. The agent was identified as an antigenic variant of echovirus 11 resembling other echoviruses of this type which were isolated in other children hospitals in Bremen during this outbreak.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"259 2","pages":"284-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15127304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Occurrence of Mycobacterium shimoidei in West Germany].","authors":"S Rüsch-Gerdes,&nbsp;E Wandelt-Freerksen,&nbsp;K H Schröder","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Federal Republic of Germany Mycobacterium shimoidei has been isolated from a patient with a pulmonary infection. This strain is different from all other slowly growing mycobacteria. It seems that Mycobacterium shimoidei has been isolated in Germany for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"259 1","pages":"146-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15118390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Adherence of E. coli strains with various adhesins to macrophages from bone marrow and the cell line P 388D1].","authors":"V Harff,&nbsp;M Pawelzik,&nbsp;W Opferkuch","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adherence of E. coli with different hemagglutination patterns to mouse-bone-marrow-derived macrophages and macrophages of the cell line P 388D1 was investigated. The bacterial strains used showed different adherence to macrophages or red blood cells. MS-adhesins identified by hemagglutination tests were also involved in the attachment of bacteria to macrophages. In addition, strains containing both, MS and MR adhesins, simultaneously showed a participation of their MR-adhesins in adherence to macrophages. This could be shown by inhibition experiments with alpha-D-mannose. Bacteria of strain D 133 failed to induce hemagglutination of any source of erythrocytes tested, though MR-adherence to macrophages could be found. In contrast, other strains known to carry MR-hemagglutinins on their cell surface, did not attach to macrophages, even if much higher numbers of bacteria were used. A linear correlation between the amount of bacteria used and the number of adherent bacteria/macrophage was detectable. The number of bacteria found on the macrophages differed according to the population of macrophages studied, indicating differences in the expression of corresponding receptors in the macrophage plasma membrane. In order to investigate the role of fimbriae in adherence, bacteria were used which had been grown under fimbriae suppressing conditions. Some of the bacterial strains showed a 10 to 30 fold reduction in adherence to macrophages upon this treatment, indicating the importance of fimbriae-associated adhesins in the interaction of bacteria and phagocytes. On the other hand, three bacterial strains could be identified, whose adherences was not influenced by such culture conditions. This means that beside fimbrial adhesins even membrane bound adhesins could be involved in the phagocytic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"259 1","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13996363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Use of modified Asami medium as a monoxenic culture medium for Entamoeba histolytica].","authors":"M Saathoff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a report about the monoxenic cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica in Asami culture medium. The culture amebae serve as material for antigen preparation, for intrahepatic infections in golden hamsters and also for microscopical observation, s. Figs. 2 and 3.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"259 1","pages":"142-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13996362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the demonstration of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM antibodies in bovine Q fever infection].","authors":"N Schmeer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By application of IgG1-, IgG2-, and IgM-specific conjugates in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dominance of IgG1 in natural Q-fever infections of cattle could be demonstrated. In contrast, vaccination with an inactivated Q-fever vaccine predominantly induced IgG2 antibodies. Complement fixing activity was detected in positive sera (inactivated at 56 degrees C) in the IgG1 fraction only. Therefore, with serum samples containing exclusively IgM (10%), or IgG2 (4%), a serodiagnosis could be achieved only by ELISA. Furthermore, it could be shown that IgG2 and IgM may suppress fixation of complement by IgG1 antibodies, thus resulting in incomplete inhibition of hemolysis and even reduction of CF-titers. So, sera with low CF-titers may give incorrect negative results in the CF-test. Applying the ELISA with L-chain-specific conjugates, such problems could be avoided. For evaluation of the early and later stages of infection or the status of vaccination, IgM, IgG1-, and IgG2-specific conjugates were used. In comparison to sera, only 73% of corresponding milk samples were positive in the IgG1-ELISA. However, for seroepidemiological purposes testing of bulk milk samples by ELISA may be feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"259 1","pages":"20-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15118391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Significance of hemagglutinins for the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses].","authors":"R Rott,&nbsp;H D Klenk,&nbsp;C Scholtissek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In addition to acute viral diseases, persistent infections have attained considerable interest in recent years. Such persistent infections are characterized by extended time periods in which the infecting virus remains within the organism before the eventual appearance of manifest symptoms. These infections may be evoked by a variety of virus species resulting in a diversity of pathogenic reactions and clinical manifestations. The mechanisms of viral persistence, where known, also appear to be quite diverse. As far as space permits, some examples of persistent infections will be presented and the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of the resulting diseases will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"258 2-3","pages":"337-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17457210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diagnosis of leptospirosis].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"258 4","pages":"480-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17458007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Metabolism of phosphate-limited Streptomyces cultures. II. Purification and characterization of acid phosphatase from culture filtrates of turimycin-producing Streptomyces hygroscopicus].","authors":"J H Ozegowski,&nbsp;P J Müller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acid phosphatase was purified from culture filtrates of Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain JA 6599-R 27/158. Method used included as first step either ammonium sulfate precipitation or adsorption of acid phosphatase on Bentonit and the desorption of enzyme from Bentonit with alkaline buffers, adsorption to DEAE-cellulose, column chromatography on Sephadex G 50 and isoelectric focusing in Sephadex gel. The specific activity of the resulting enzyme was 51 muMol/min/mg at 25 degrees C and pH of 6.25 with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate. The pI detected by isoelectric focusing was at pH 7.25. The molecular weight determined by gel chromatography and by SDS electrophoresis was found to be 27 000. The pH-dependence of hydrolytic activity of acid phosphatase was substrate specific. The enzyme was found to hydrolyze essentially at pH 6.2 phosphoenolpyruvate, ATP, ADP, fructose-1,6-diphosphate and tyrosine-O-phosphate. The activity was inhibited by phosphate, molybdate, arsenate, vanadate, pyrophosphate and tetraborate. In the culture medium the acid phosphatase caused the release of phosphate from solid and soluted substrates. Therefore the involvement of acid phosphatase in the regulation of secondary metabolism was discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"258 2-3","pages":"159-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17588059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Metabolism of phosphate-limited Streptomyces cultures. I. Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatase produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus].","authors":"J H Ozegowski,&nbsp;P J Müller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alkaline phosphatase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus strain JA 5999-R 27-158 was purified and characterized. The enzyme was found in the culture filtrate and in the mycelium. The phosphatase was extracted from the mycelium and purified by adsorption to DEAE-cellulose. To separate impurities, the crude enzyme solution was heated and the phosphatase purified by chromatography through CM-Sepharose and Sephadex G 100. The specific activity of the resulting enzyme was 1000 microMol/min/mg at 25 degrees C. The molecular weight determined by SDS gel electrophoresis was found to be 56 000. The Michaelis-Menten constant determined with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate was Km = 1.25 X 10(-3) M. Phosphatase activity was dependent on the presence of Ca++ and the maximum activity of enzyme with p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate was found at pH 9.2. The pI as detected by isoelectric focusing was at pH 5.6. Temperatures from 30 degrees to 75 degrees C did not affect the stability of the enzyme. The alkaline phosphatase exhibited high substrate specificity; of various phosphomonoesters tested, only p-nitrophenylphosphate, methylumbelliferyl-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, ADP, ATP and tyrosine-O-phosphate was hydrolysed. The activity was inhibited by NAF, Na2P2O7 and EDTA. The involvement of the alkaline phosphatase in the regulation of secondary metabolism was discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"258 2-3","pages":"141-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17588058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}