World journal of clinical oncology最新文献

{"title":"Advances in prostate cancer treatment with moderate and ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy.","authors":"Ling-Ling Meng, Yu-Peng Di, Lin Ma, Bao-Lin Qu","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.112735","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.112735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article comprehensively reviews research progress in prostate cancer radiation therapy. It provides an overview of fundamental principles, encompassing the disease's epidemiology, pathological mechanisms, and radiation sensitivity, alongside technological advancements. The clinical application, technological progress, and efficacy evaluation of moderate hypofractionated radiation therapy and ultra hypofractionated radiation therapy are discussed. Diagnostic and monitoring techniques specific to radiation therapy are analyzed, alongside prevailing controversies and challenges. Finally, the review outlines future prospects, including novel radiotherapy techniques, multidisciplinary collaboration trends, and the evolving role of radiation within comprehensive treatment. The findings demonstrate continuous technological and clinical evolution in prostate cancer radiotherapy, yet emphasize the need for further exploration to optimize treatments and improve patient survival and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 12","pages":"112735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145889990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provoking myofibroblast death: Strategies to resolve fibrosis and remodel tumor microenvironment.","authors":"Thangavelu Shalini, Ganapasam Sudhandiran","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.111086","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.111086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibrosis is marked by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, leading to tissue scarring and progressive loss of organ function. Myofibroblasts, which emerge during tissue repair, are specialized contractile cells exhibiting features of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Their expression of α-smooth muscle actin facilitates contractile activity, while their persistent activation and overproduction of ECM components contribute significantly to pathological wound contraction and fibrotic progression. Beyond ECM production, myofibroblasts play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of various solid tumors. The TME is a complex network of immune cells, blood vessels, ECM components, and stromal cells like fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that surrounds and interacts with cancer cells, thereby influencing tumor growth, progression, and therapy responsiveness. Through these interactions, myofibroblasts modulate inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Maintaining myofibroblast homeostasis is therefore crucial, as its disruption can drive the onset of chronic fibrotic conditions and malignancies. This review explores preclinical and clinical developments in targeting myofibroblasts in fibrotic and TME across various disease models, including hypertrophic scar, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, oral submucous fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and the desmoplastic stroma of pancreatic and breast cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 12","pages":"111086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yin Yang 1 activates JAK-STAT3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-induced gastric cancer progression.","authors":"Jing-Wan Chen, Jie-Ji Ouyang, Zhen-Hui Wang, Di-Meng Ma, Zhi Zhang, Qiong Teng, Gang Yu, Xiang-Yong Li","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.112626","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.112626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection is widely considered to be a major risk factor for gastric cancer, contributing to its development through the Correa cascade. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a transcription factor that acts as a promoter or suppressor of cancer progression. However, the role of YY1 in the inflammatory transformation associated with <i>H. pylori</i>-induced gastric cancer remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the expression of YY1 in gastric cancer and its impact on cancer progression with <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>H. pylori</i> bacteria were cocultured with GSE1 cells, AGS cells, and SGC7901 cells, as well as in infected and xenograft mouse models. Expression of YY1, members of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in gastric cancer was examined using Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. The role of YY1 in gastric cancer cell proliferation was further evaluated through <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>YY1 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that high YY1 expression correlated with a poor prognosis. YY1 expression showed a gradually increasing trend in <i>H. pylori</i>-induced gastritis and gastric tumors. <i>In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experiments demonstrated that <i>H. pylori</i> infection promoted phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, thereby activating the EMT pathway, in which YY1 played a key role. YY1 and JAK2 interaction was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. YY1 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition reversed EMT and suppressed gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that YY1 plays an important role in progression of <i>H. pylori</i>-induced gastric cancer by activating EMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 12","pages":"112626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the role of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: A multicenter study on uncommon peritoneal malignancies.","authors":"Massimo Framarini, Fabrizio D'Acapito, Piero Vincenzo Lippolis, Andrea Di Giorgio, Daniela Di Pietrantonio, Antonio Sommariva, Paolo Sammartino","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.112443","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.112443","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become an established treatment for selected patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal, ovarian, and gastric cancers, as well as for certain primary peritoneal tumors such as pseudomyxoma peritonei. However, evidence supporting its role in other uncommon indications remains limited, largely due to the rarity and heterogeneity of these malignancies and the absence of standardized treatment protocols. Understanding the potential survival benefit and safety profile of CRS + HIPEC in these contexts may help refine patient selection and guide clinical decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate surgical and oncologic outcomes, particularly overall survival (OS), in this heterogeneous patient population and assess perioperative morbidity and mortality to better define the safety profile of this aggressive multimodal strategy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We retrospectively reviewed data from five tertiary cancer centers on patients who underwent CRS + HIPEC between January 2004 and December 2021 for PM from uncommon histologies, defined as any primary tumor other than colorectal, gastric, or ovarian carcinomas, pseudomyxoma peritonei, or malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Baseline characteristics, operative details, complications (graded by the Clavien-Dindo classification), and survival outcomes were analyzed. OS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The discriminatory ability and overall fit of the final model were assessed by the concordance index (C-index) and likelihood ratio test, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 60 CRS + HIPEC procedures were performed in 60 patients (mean age = 58.5 years, 78.3% female). The most frequent primary tumors were uterine (35%) and breast cancer (20%). Median operative time was 405 minutes, and 75% of patients required perioperative transfusions. Major complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3) occurred in 21.6% of patients, and 90-day mortality was 1.6%. Median OS for the entire cohort was 28 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that breast cancer patients achieved the longest survival (median OS = 75 months) compared with uterine cancer (32 months) and other primaries (17 months). Multivariate analysis confirmed tumor origin as the strongest independent predictor of OS (C-index = 0.81; likelihood ratio test = 40.07; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our findings suggest that CRS + HIPEC can be performed safely in highly selected patients with PM from uncommon primary tumors, achieving meaningful long-term survival in subsets such as breast and uterine cancers. Tumor biology, rather than clinical factors, emerged as the key determinant of survival. Given the rarity and heterogeneity of these malignancies, collaborative mu","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 12","pages":"112443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6: A double-edged sword in cancer prognosis and therapy.","authors":"Abdellatif Bouayad","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.115789","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i12.115789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant diseases in both children and adults are a worldwide public health priority with a high socioeconomic burden. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 6 (ENTPD6) molecule exhibits divergent expression patterns across different cancers. Its increased expression in some tumors may allow them to escape anti-tumor immune responses, potentially by inducing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and favoring a poorer prognosis. Conversely, <i>in vivo</i>, a mutated ENTPD6 gene may induce effective cytotoxic T cell responses, thereby reducing liver tumor size. Additionally, low expression of ENTPD6 has been related to chemotherapy resistance, whereas specific ENTPD6-derived neoepitopes may potentially enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. This paper analyses the dual roles and clinical utility of ENTPD6 in cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 12","pages":"115789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12754122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145890075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with gonadal vein tumor thrombus: A case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Yu-Zhi Zuo, Zhen Liang, Bo-Ju Pan, Wei-Gang Yan, Zhi-En Zhou","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.111527","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.111527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare, aggressive malignancy, representing a small fraction of testicular tumors and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, yet it is the most common testicular malignancy in older men. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which is typically the aggressive subtype, dominates PTL and shows diffuse B-cell infiltration. Venous tumor thrombus, uncommon in lymphomas, is uniquely reported in this case of testicular DLBCL with gonadal vein involvement.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 62-year-old man presented with a two-month history of painless left testicular swelling and stiffness. Diagnostic imaging [ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT)] revealed bilateral testicular masses and a gonadal vein tumor thrombus (SUVmax 16.5). Left orchiectomy confirmed DLBCL with CD20, Bcl-2, and MUM1 positivity (Ki-67: approximately 80%). The disease was staged as Ann Arbor stage IVA (International Prognostic Index score 3, high-intermediate risk). The patient received Rituximab, Polatuzumab Vedotin, Cyclophosphamide, Epirubicin, and Prednisolone chemotherapy, completing the first cycle with good tolerability. No adverse events were reported, and follow-up is ongoing to assess long-term outcomes. This case highlights the diagnostic utility of ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT and the importance of multidisciplinary management in rare PTL presentations with tumor thrombus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates the diagnostic complexities of PTL with gonadal vein tumor thrombus, underscoring the importance of considering lymphoma in elderly patients with testicular masses and venous involvement. A multi-disciplinary team including urologists, hematologists, and radiation oncologists is needed to ensure appropriate therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 11","pages":"111527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12678962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life among Saudi cancer survivors: The role of social and demographic factors.","authors":"Fatmah H Alsharif","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.111397","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.111397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer survivorship is a growing concern globally, yet few studies have explored the quality of life (QoL) outcomes among survivors in the Middle East, particularly in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess QoL using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and to evaluate the impact of demographic and clinical factors among Saudi cancer survivors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 102 adult cancer survivors recruited from a tertiary hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed the WHOQOL-BREF, which assesses four QoL domains, including physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment. Univariate and multivariable robust linear regression models (Huber estimator) were used to identify QoL score predictors, adjusted for key sociodemographic and clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean participant age was 44.5 years; 72.5% of the participants were female. The mean domain scores were as follows: physical health was 3.05 ± 0.53, psychological health was 3.56 ± 0.79, social relationships was 3.39 ± 0.84, and environment was 3.29 ± 0.74. Socioeconomic and social vulnerability factors, including low income, rental housing, widowed/divorced marital status, and lower education, were independently associated with poorer QoL scores. Residents in rural settings had significantly lower scores in all domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reveal noticeable disparities in QoL among Saudi cancer survivors driven by socioeconomic and demographic factors. These insights underscore the need for context-sensitive survivorship programs in Saudi Arabia, with special attention to social support, mental health, and economic stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 11","pages":"111397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12678936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the gut microbiome in the development and prognosis of pediatric leukemia.","authors":"Jelena Roganovic, Mia Radosevic, Ana Dordevic","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.111419","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.111419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and systemic inflammatory regulation, both of which are critically involved in the pathogenesis and progression of pediatric leukemias. Recent evidence reveals that children with leukemia often exhibit distinct gut microbiome profiles at diagnosis, marked by reduced microbial diversity and the enrichment of pro-inflammatory taxa such as <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i>. This microbial dysbiosis may promote leukemogenesis by disrupting immune regulation and driving chronic inflammation. Chemotherapy significantly alters the gut microbiome, inducing dysbiosis characterized by a loss of beneficial commensals and the dominance of pathobionts. Specific microbial signatures, such as the enrichment of <i>Bacteroides</i>, correlate with reduced inflammation and improved prognosis, underscoring the gut microbiome's prognostic value. Emerging therapies, including dietary adjustments, probiotics, and fecal gut microbiome transplantation, aim to restore microbial balance and reduce treatment-related complications. Moreover, gut microbiome profiling shows potential for identifying biomarkers linked to leukemia predisposition, paving the way for early diagnosis and tailored preventive strategies. This mini-review explores recent advancements in understanding the influence of the gut microbiome on pediatric leukemias, emphasizing its role as both a therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker. Integrating gut microbiome research into clinical practice may help optimize treatment outcomes and improve quality of life for children with leukemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 11","pages":"111419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12678948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tight junction disruption <i>via</i> claudin-6 overexpression promotes invasion and recurrence in high-grade endometrial tumors.","authors":"Noura A A Ebrahim, Tamer S Eissa, Mustafa A Hussein, Omnia Mohamed Korany, Nancy H Amin","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.110257","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.110257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Claudin-6 (CLDN6), a tight junction protein typically restricted to embryonic tissues, is re-expressed in various cancers. However, its prognostic significance in high-grade endometrial carcinoma (HGEC) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the expression pattern of CLDN6 in HGEC and assess its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemical analysis of CLDN6 expression was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 80 patients diagnosed with HGEC. Associations between CLDN6 expression and histological subtype, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, recurrence, and survival outcomes were statistically analysed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify independent prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High CLDN6 expression was detected in a subset of HGEC patients and was significantly associated with nonendometrioid histology (<i>P</i> = 0.026), advanced FIGO stage (<i>P</i> = 0.015), deep myometrial invasion (<i>P</i> = 0.038), and recurrence (<i>P</i> = 0.002). While Kaplan-Meier analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference in disease-free survival or overall survival between the high CLDN6 expression group and the low CLDN6 expression group, multivariate Cox regression revealed that CLDN6 overexpression was an independent predictor of shorter disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 68.98, <i>P</i> = 0.022] and overall survival (HR = 24.023, <i>P</i> = 0.038).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CLDN6 overexpression is associated with aggressive tumor features and poor clinical outcomes in HGEC, suggesting its utility as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 11","pages":"110257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12678961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attack cancer: Through autophagic modulations as suppressor or promoter.","authors":"Pratishtha Gupta, Shama Parveen, Saurabh Kumar, Ana Ahtsham, Monisha Banerjee","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.112313","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i11.112313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organelle integrity and maintenance of protein homeostasis and purpose is essential for fundamental equilibrium and survivability. Autophagy is the primary process which regulates the distribution of different cell loads to lysosomes for destruction and reuse. Extensive research illustrates the protective functions of autophagy against various diseases. Though in cancer, noticeably contrasting functions of autophagy have been evaluated in the prohibition of preliminary tumor evolution <i>vs</i> the continuance and, anabolic and catabolic variations of well-established and invasive tumors. Autophagy possesses numerous roles in tumor microenvironment (TME) establishment and associated immune cells function which is addressed in recent studies. Autophagic machinery which is employed in different autophagy-related pathways contributes to metastatic diseases and are distinct from classical autophagy. Therapeutic strategies based on the inhibition or induction of autophagy and related processes has helped in the designing of efficient anticancer drugs. According to the review, we evaluate and decipher the various purposes of autophagy and its association with autophagy mechanisms in course of tumor development, invasion and progression. We summarize the latest findings involving the role of these activities including tumor cells and TME and define further breakthrough in therapy aiming at autophagic activities in cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 11","pages":"112313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12678973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}