World journal of clinical oncology最新文献

{"title":"Inflammation and detection: Rethinking the biomarker landscape in gastric cancer.","authors":"Keykavous Parang, Koosha Paydary","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109717","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, yet reliable noninvasive biomarkers for its early detection remain limited. As research continues to elucidate the inflammatory underpinnings of tumor initiation and progression, it has become increasingly clear that pro-inflammatory cytokines may hold promise as diagnostic adjuncts. Serum cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and interferon-gamma have been frequently reported as elevated in gastric cancer patients compared to healthy individuals. These molecules, known for their roles in modulating tumor-promoting inflammation, angiogenesis, and immune evasion, may serve as accessible indicators of disease presence or progression. Several studies have shown that individual cytokines, particularly IL-6 and IL-8, can achieve receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve values exceeding 0.70, suggesting reasonable diagnostic utility. We assess the comparative utility of individual cytokines versus multiplex panels, evaluate their roles in tumor biology and treatment resistance, and situate these findings within the broader inflammatory biomarker landscape. Limitations of the current literature, including small sample sizes, heterogeneity in study design, and lack of specificity, are critically discussed. We advocate for prospective, multicenter validation studies and highlight the promise of integrating inflammatory cytokine profiling into diagnostic algorithms. Composite cytokine panels may better reflect the complex immunobiology of tumor progression and offer a scalable, accessible adjunct to current gastric cancer screening strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"109717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Yttrium-90 radioembolization for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future perspectives.","authors":"Zong-Yang Li, Cheng Xie, Hong-Qiao Cai","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109730","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with a majority of patients presenting at intermediate or advanced stages, precluding curative interventions. Radioembolization, also known as selective internal radiation therapy, has emerged as a promising locoregional therapy that delivers high-dose yttrium-90 microspheres directly to hepatic tumors while sparing healthy parenchyma. This technique is especially beneficial for patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis or impaired liver function. This editorial provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanism, technical considerations, and clinical efficacy of radioembolization in advanced HCC. Landmark trials such as SARAH, SIRveNIB, and DOSISPHERE-01 demonstrate comparable or superior outcomes to systemic therapies like sorafenib, particularly when personalized dosimetry is applied. Radioembolization contributes to tumor downstaging, transplant bridging, and improved disease control rates. The integration of radioembolization with systemic therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, represents a key area of ongoing research. Despite current challenges such as microsphere heterogeneity, dosimetry standardization, and limited accessibility, emerging innovations in imaging, isotopes, and personalized treatment strategies are expected to refine its application. Overall, radioembolization is poised to play an increasingly central role in the multidisciplinary management of advanced HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"109730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility anxiety partially mediates depression and recurrence fear in reproductive-age cervical cancer patients: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Xin-Ying He, Ying Huang, Cheng-Ping Qiao, Jiao Ma, Xue Han, Xue-Mei Fan, Qin Chen","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.110031","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.110031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer survivors of childbearing age often face heightened reproductive anxiety due to the direct impact of the disease and its treatments on fertility. This anxiety may exacerbate psychological burdens, including depressive symptoms and fear of recurrence, significantly impacting quality of life.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine whether reproductive concerns partially mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and fear of recurrence in cervical cancer patients of childbearing age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing a cross-sectional design with convenience sampling, 208 eligible cervical cancer patients (aged 18-45 years, stable condition, and aware of diagnosis) from three tertiary hospitals completed validated questionnaires: The Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating role of reproductive concerns in the relationship between depression and fear of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reproductive concerns demonstrated significant positive correlations with depression (<i>r</i> = 0.477, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and fear of recurrence (<i>r</i> = 0.426, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that reproductive concerns acted as a significant partial mediator between depression and fear of recurrence. The indirect effect via reproductive concerns was significant (<i>β</i>_indirect = 0.152, <i>P</i> < 0.001), accounting for 28.1% of the total effect of depression on fear of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identified path reveals fertility anxiety links depression to recurrence fear. Targeted psych interventions for repro concerns may ease both in childbearing cervical cancer survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"110031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging multifaceted roles of the microbiome in cancer susceptibility.","authors":"Hang Chang, Jesus Perez-Losada, Jian-Hua Mao","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.111379","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.111379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying the factors that contribute to individual susceptibility to cancer is essential for both prevention and treatment. The advancement of biotechnologies, particularly next-generation sequencing, has accelerated the discovery of genetic variants linked to cancer susceptibility. While hundreds of cancer-susceptibility genes have been identified, they only explain a small fraction of the overall cancer risk, a phenomenon known as \"missing heritability\". Despite progress, even considering factors such as epistasis, epigenetics, and gene-environment interactions, the missing heritability remains unresolved. Recent research has revealed that an individual's microbiome composition plays a significant role in cancer susceptibility through several mechanisms, such as modulating immune cell activity and influencing the presence or removal of environmental carcinogens. In this review, we examine the multifaceted roles of the microbiome in cancer risk and explore gene-microbiome and environment-microbiome interactions that may contribute to cancer susceptibility. Additionally, we highlight the importance of experimental models, such as collaborative cross mice, and advanced analytical tools, like artificial intelligence, in identifying microbial factors associated with cancer risk. Understanding these microbial determinants can open new avenues for interventions aimed at reducing cancer risk and guide the development of more effective cancer treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"111379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical rise of cancer and dietary linoleic acid: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Joseph Mercola","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.110686","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.110686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past century, dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA), an essential omega-6 fatty acid, has risen markedly in industrialized regions, largely due to industrial seed oils (<i>e.g.</i>, soybean oil). This trend parallels increased cancer incidence, though causality remains unestablished. LA's susceptibility to oxidation may generate reactive species, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, potentially inducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in cellular membranes. Furthermore, excess LA might elevate pro-inflammatory eicosanoid levels (<i>e.g.</i>, prostaglandin E2) and disrupt gut microbiota, fostering dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. Evidence, however, derives primarily from preclinical studies, with limited human data but epidemiological signals are strongest for breast (age-standardized incidence, approximately 130/100000 women), colorectal (approximately 39/100000), prostate (approximately 112/100000 men) and cutaneous melanoma (approximately 26/100000) cancers, where higher LA biomarkers or intakes have been repeatedly observed. Ketogenic diets, historically prioritized for metabolic benefits, reduce blood glucose, an effect possibly beneficial in cancer contexts, but may impair gut health by restricting fermentable fiber, potentially decreasing short-chain fatty acid production. This review explores LA's hypothetical role in cancer-related pathways and the trade-offs of carbohydrate restriction. A proposed \"terrain restoration\" protocol, emphasizing reduced LA intake, gradual carbohydrate reintroduction to support microbiota, and nutrients like pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) for mitochondrial function, lacks clinical validation. While optimizing diet to bolster metabolic and immune resilience holds promise for cancer prevention, rigorous research is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"110686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified predictive model incorporating the waist-to-hip ratio for advanced colorectal neoplasia: A step toward precision screening.","authors":"Zong-Xian Zhao, Zong-Ju Hu","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109554","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This editorial discusses an article by Liu <i>et al,</i> which focuses on the development and evaluation of a modified scoring model incorporating the waist-to-hip ratio for predicting advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN). This editorial provides an overview of the study, including the background of ACN risk prediction, the study design, key findings, and the significance and limitations of the new model. The study identified independent risk factors for ACN and developed a 7-point scoring model with better predictive performance than existing models. However, challenges, such as generalizability across ethnic groups and selection bias, exist. Further research involving multi-ethnic cohorts and the integration of novel biomarkers is needed to improve the model and its clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"109554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing gastric cancer treatment: A comprehensive review of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy's role and outcomes.","authors":"Fabrizio D'Acapito, Massimo Framarini, Paolo Morgagni, Daniela Di Pietrantonio, Giovanni Vittimberga, Valentina Zucchini, Giorgio Ercolani","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109034","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.109034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peritoneal metastases (PM) represent the most frequent and lethal form of dissemination in advanced gastric cancer (GC), with limited efficacy of systemic chemotherapy [median overall survival (OS): 2-9 months]. Over the past decades, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), often combined with cytoreductive surgery (CRS), has emerged as a locoregional strategy to improve peritoneal disease control. Retrospective studies have suggested promising survival benefits (median OS: 18.8 months); however, conflicting results from prospective trials have limited its widespread adoption. This systematic review hypothesizes that selected patients with advanced or high-risk GC may benefit from HIPEC and evaluates whether such benefits have been confirmed in recent prospective evidence.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the role and outcomes of HIPEC in advanced and high-risk GC through a systematic review of prospective trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of prospective randomized and controlled clinical trials (2010-2024) was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Studies were selected from PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov. No geographical restrictions were applied in the search process. Eligible studies included patients with advanced GC (T3+, positive peritoneal cytology/PM) receiving HIPEC in either therapeutic or prophylactic settings. Exclusion criteria included retrospective studies, single-arm trials, and those lacking survival outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using Risk of Bias 2.0 and Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions tools; sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen prospective studies (eight therapeutic, five prophylactic) were included. In therapeutic settings, CRS combined with HIPEC yielded a median OS of 11-24.9 months <i>vs</i> 4-6 months with systemic therapy alone. Completeness of cytoreduction (CC-0) was achieved in 67.3% of cases, and associated with improved disease-free survival. In prophylactic settings, HIPEC significantly reduced peritoneal recurrence, particularly in T4 tumors. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of findings, though benefit was driven by a few key trials. Heterogeneity was moderate across studies; lack of standardized HIPEC protocols and patient selection criteria limited comparability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIPEC may improve survival and reduce recurrence in selected GC patients, particularly those with low peritoneal burden and CC-0 resection. Further standardization and prospective trials are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"109034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the links between estrogen and gut microbiota in sex-hormone driven cancers.","authors":"Amal Tahri, Amedeo Amedei","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.108819","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.108819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estrogens are a group of steroid hormones produced by ovary, placenta, and other organs. They have historically been associated with female reproduction, but according to current evidence estrogens regulate also male reproductive and nonreproductive organs. Estrogens play a crucial role in female reproductive development and maintenance either directly by increasing glycogen levels, epithelial thickness and mucus secretion or indirectly, by decreasing vaginal pH through the maintenance of lactobacilli dominance and lactic acid production. Several studies demonstrated that dysbiosis and/or specific bacteria could have impact on the development of sex-hormone driven cancers such as endometrial, cervical, ovarian, breast and prostate cancers, through mechanisms involving modulation of estrogen metabolism. This modulation is realized through secretion of β-glucuronidase which deconjugates estrogens into their active forms. When gut dysbiosis occurs, microbial diversity decreases and so the deconjugation diminishes leading to a decrease of circulating estrogens. Low levels of circulating estrogen may adversely affect a wide range of physiological factors, with clinical implications especially for gut health. In this review, we discuss the different aspects of the critical interplay between gut microbiome and estrogens in sex-hormone driven cancers and the potential outcomes on their clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"108819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical distribution of bone metastases in stage IV breast cancer: According to histological subtype.","authors":"David Shaked Zari, Rostislav Novak, Or Haviv, Itay Ron, Ben Kaplan, Bana Awad, Doron Norman, David Nikomarov","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.110087","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.110087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bone is the most common site of metastasis in breast cancer, yet limited data exist regarding the precise anatomical distribution of bone metastases by tumor subtype.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine the anatomical distribution of the first bone metastases in stage IV breast cancer, stratified by histological subtype. Secondary objectives include analyzing the anatomical distribution of subsequent bone metastases, Metastasis-Free Survival (MFI), Progression-Free Interval (PFI), and overall survival (OS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 107 adult females with stage IV breast cancer and bone metastases between 2013 and 2023. Patients were classified by histological subtype (Luminal A/B, HER2-enriched, and Triple-Negative). First and subsequent bone metastasis locations were identified <i>via</i> computed tomography, positron emission tomography/CT, or magnetic resonance imaging. Survival analyses included MFI, PFI, and OS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rib metastases were significantly more common in HER2-enriched tumors (80%, <i>P</i> = 0.041), while scapula/clavicle metastases were more prevalent in Triple-Negative cases (37.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.003). Subsequent bone metastases mirrored initial patterns, with pelvic involvement notably higher in HER2-enriched (60%) and luminal B (58%) patients (<i>P</i> = 0.046). No significant differences were found in MFI, PFI, or OS among subtypes. Receptor-based analysis showed no significant variation in bone metastasis locations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breast cancer subtypes are associated with suggestive bone metastasis patterns-specifically, rib involvement in HER2-enriched and scapula/clavicle in Triple-Negative cases. While anatomical variations exist, they did not translate into differential survival or fracture risk in this cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"110087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we overestimating success of salvage hepatectomy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma?","authors":"Babu Lal Meena, Deepti Sharma","doi":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.111537","DOIUrl":"10.5306/wjco.v16.i9.111537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Zhang <i>et al</i>'s study addresses an important clinical question of timing and role of salvage surgery post-downstaging procedures in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma wherein different modalities like trans arterial chemoembolization, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and anti-programmed cell death 1 antibodies have been used as downstaging procedure. Although proper selection of patients is a pre-requisite for salvage related liver failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23802,"journal":{"name":"World journal of clinical oncology","volume":"16 9","pages":"111537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}