Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"PROFESSOR ANGELESCU’S GUIDE","authors":"M. Popa","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Predecessors in the Romanian School of Microbiology established several golden guidelines for the clinical integration of the microbiology laboratory, the clinical rationale behind the infectious disease patients, and the antibiotic administration. However, without a determined mind to continue, strengthen, and nurture the work they have undertaken, professors Ion Cantacuzino, Victor Babes, and Matei Bals' expertise would have vanished [1-3]. Professor Angelescu proved to be the ideal individual right when he was most needed, determined to carry on their legacy, to further advance antibiotic knowledge, and a patient, father-like figure to his younger colleagues. He answered the invitation to become a leading authority at a time when advances in the science of antibiotics had doctors puzzled. The \"Angelescu’s Guide\" was intended to be a lifeline for what would soon become one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century: antibiotic resistance in delicate clinical settings. Actual, achievable strategies for the care of an infectious illness patient are provided below, as are pertinent research recommendations for younger and fresher medical minds. Keywords: Professor Mircea Angelescu, Antibiotic Use and Abuse, Antibiotic Guidelines, Medical Writing, Clinical and Laboratory Medicine","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131340468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ION CANTACUZINO (JEAN CANTACUZÈNE) AND HIS FRENCH CONNECTIONS","authors":"J. Cavaillon, P. Ancuța","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"In this editorial, we briefly highlight the career of Ion Cantacuzino from his academic training to his accomplishments in the context of fruitful international collaborations, especially with renowned scientists at Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. He contributed to establish the fundaments of Immunology with relevance for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115426823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"COAGULATION FACTORS, INFLUENCED OR NOT, IN THE REPEATED DOSE TOXICITY TEST OF A CANDIDATE VACCINE AGAINST SARS-COV-2?\"","authors":"D. Ancuta, M. Preda, Andrei-Alexandru Muntean","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"\"SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of multi-organ systemic complications and venous and arterial thromboembolism. The development of vaccines has proven to be an effective method to combat severe forms of infection. Adverse effects reported after COVID-19 vaccination consisted of local injection site reaction, fatigue, myalgia, or fever as well as sporadic cases of vaccine-induced thrombotic immune thrombocytopenia, especially viral vector vaccines. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the repeated dose toxicity of a candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, a test in which several parameters were analyzed, including coagulation factors. Materials and methods: The test included 120 rats, of both sexes, divided into six groups (main group, recovery group and control group) at which the human dose, 10X human dose and 1 control adjuvant were tested. The vaccine was administered intranasally, 4 times every two weeks. The final day was after the last administration to the main group and another 30 days from the last administration to the recovery group. On day 0 and the final day, blood was collected for hematological, biochemical, immunological examinations and coagulation tests (Fibrinogen, Prothrombin Time-PT, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time-aPTT and Thrombin Time-TT). Results: Fibrinogen, in the case of all groups, increased on the final day, except for females from the recovery groups where this parameter decreased by 25%. PT, aPTT and TT, regardless of group or sex, had low values ​​compared to the initial time of the study. On day 0, the values ​​of the coagulation factors were homogeneous, the fibrinogen being between 155-347mg / dL, PT 25.5-57.8 sec, aPTT 61.9-120 sec and TT values ​​of 53-60 sec. On the final day, the group analysis also showed unit values. Fibrinogen increased between 90-116%, PT decreased by 48-71%, aPTT decreased by 59-80%, and TT had values ​​lower by 10-14% compared to the initial day. Conclusions: Increased fibrinogen associated with decreased PT and aPTT is common in human clinical pathology. Fibrinogen, PT, aPTT and TT are the standard parameters of blood clotting assessed in toxicity tests. The results obtained in the study represent a preliminary phase which, corroborated with the results of the other tests, supports the conclusion that the candidate vaccine does not have toxicological potential, the coagulation factors not being influenced after its repeated administration. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, coagulation factors, rat, vaccine\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131956383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHIGELLOSIS OUTBREAKS – AN UPDATE","authors":"G. Popa, M. Popa","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"\"Despite the global economic development, diarrhoea remains an important health concern worldwide. The epidemiological importance of Shigella spp. infections is very high, being the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoea. Clinically, shigellosis can manifest as watery diarrhoea or dysentery, with bloody stool, accompanied by fever and abdominal pain. Children and the elderly are most susceptible to developing severe forms. In this review, we highlight the rise of antibiotic-resistant Shigella spp. strains and provide an overview of recent shigellosis outbreaks. Shigellosis is an infectious disease that should not be neglected, as evidenced by the many outbreaks reported throughout the world. Keywords: diarrhoea, outbreak, Shigella, antibiotic resistance\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128618176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR CLOSTRIDIOIDES DIFFICILE INFECTIONS IN HOSPITAL SETTINGS: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF RECOMMENDATIONS AND NOVEL TARGETED STRATEGIES\"","authors":"Mihai-Octav Hogea, A. Barbu, Ioana Popa","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"\"Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) are one of the most frequent hospital- acquired infections. The microorganism is considered the leading cause of acute diarrheal syndrome after the use of antibiotics, in Romania. Objective: The main objective is to provide a comprehensive review summarizing existing evidence regarding how CDIs can be prevented. Methods: We screened PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, clinical trials in different phases, and several national and international guidelines on the subject of prevention of C. difficile infections, using specific keywords. Results: We divided the recommendations into the following categories: good practice, strong, weak, and no recommendations, while novel strategies are detailed separately. The newly available treatment options have been analyzed as well as the ongoing efforts to obtain novel therapies, such as synthetic biologics that curb C. difficile colonization and proliferation, the association between ribaxamase (a poorly absorbable beta-lactamase) and parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics, antisense molecules with potent anti-difficile activity or antibody-based therapeutics. Conclusions: At the time of submission, there is no globally accepted guideline in regard to the management of patients with Clostridioides difficile infections. Conventional strategies have lowered the incidence of CDIs but seem insufficient to eradicate hospital-acquired C. difficile infections. The challenge of CDIs has pushed researchers towards novel approaches, which may be the solution for many difficult-to-treat infections. Keywords: Clostridioides difficile, CDI, ribotype 027, post-antibiotic infection, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126210124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS","authors":"Alexandru Daniel Radu, M. Preda, O. Popescu","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Mădălina \"Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are the infections that develop clinically after 48 hours of admission in the hospital. Nosocomial infections occur within 48-72 hours of admission and are characterized by significantly higher incidence of infections resistant to treatment. Exogenous or endogenous pathogenic microorganisms can cause healthcare-associated illnesses. The clinical expertise of senior physicians and some prior studies indicated that the risk factors for HAI included both the patients own characteristics, as well as extrinsic factors. Patients’ characteristics may include age, sex, body weight, intrinsic comorbidities, diabetes mellitus, and immunological factors, while external factors may be represented by invasive procedures, medications, mechanical ventilation, surgery time in minutes, reoperation, cephalosporin exposure, days of exposure to central venous catheter, and stays in intensive care units. Monitoring of HAIs and application of preventive measures are essential in order to lower their incidence. Keywords: healthcare associated infections, intensive care unit\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"29 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132532130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TWO MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR PREGNANCY: LABOR EMERGENCIES AND SARS-COV-2 INFECTION – OUR EXPERIENCE IN SAINT JOHN HOSPITAL, BUCHAREST, ROMANIA","authors":"Alexandra-Teodora Burtea, R. Sima, Cristina-Diana Pomană","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"\"Introduction: Obstetric emergencies that occur during labor, often present as a major indication for prompt completion of labor by instrumental methods or emergency cesarean section. The purpose of this study was to present the clinical features of emergencies, the evolution of labor, maternal and fetal or neonatal complications at patients with SARS-COV-2 infection. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective study that included 150 pregnant women who gave birth in Bucur Maternity, St John Hospital, Bucharest, between 2018-2020 that fulfilled the features of obstetrical emergency during labor and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study group was divided in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 and negative for SARS-CoV-2. Results: Following PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 were 26.67% of patients positive and 73.33% had a negative result. Analyzing the data obtained from this group of patients, it resulted that the average hospitalization is higher in the positive group (7.05 days) versus the negative group (5.47 days). The average gestational age at birth of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients was 37.26 weeks, lower than the gestational age of neonates from uninfected mothers (38.41 weeks). The average of the APGAR scores in the COVID group is 8.41, and for the negative group is 8.90. Conclusions: The associated SARS-CoV-2 infection played a significant role in terms of the APGAR score and the early peripartum outcomes of new-borns, negatively influencing the value of the APGAR index. Gestational age was considerably lower in patients diagnosed with the infection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus infection has a significant influence in unsatisfactory neonatal outcomes compared to new-borns of healthy mothers. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, obstetrical emergencies\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131155289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLINICAL VALUE OF GALECTIN-3 IN DIFFERENTIATING PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER FROM NODULAR GOITER","authors":"Cătălina Poalelungi, Andra-Ileana Caragheorgheopol, S. Schipor","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"\"Introduction: Thyroid cancer in one of the most common cancers worldwide, with an increasing incidence over the last decades. Serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is used as biomarker in different types of cancer (gastric, hepatic), but its utility in papillary thyroid cancer differential diagnostic in still inconclusive. Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of preoperative serum Galectin-3 levels in differentiating between papillary thyroid cancer and nodular goiter. Methods: 277 of serum samples from patients with thyroid lesions were divided into two subgroups: nodular goiter (NG; n = 121) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC; n = 136). Serum Gal-3 levels were measured before surgery for the entire group, and for 62 patients (33 NG, 29 PTC) it was measured a month post-surgery. Gal-3 was measured by ELISA, using Human Galectin-3 Quantikinine ELISA kit (R&D Systems) and statistical analysis were performed using MedCalc Software. All paticipants signed the written informed consent and the study was approved by the Ethics Commitee of the C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest. Results: Circulating Gal-3 values show that this biomarker has a higher value in PTC patients compared with NG patients (7.17 ng/ml vs. 8.285 ng/ml, p = 0.0038), before thyroidectomy. There were not observed significant statistical correlations between serum Gal-3 values and histological subtype, focality, invasivity or dominant nodule dimension. Conclusion: Our results regarding Gal-3 values show that this biomarker has a higher value in PTC patients compared with NG patients, but its clinical value in preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of thyroid nodules needs further investigations. Keywords: thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid carcinoma, galectin-3\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124162636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"FAMILY CLUSTER ASSOCIATED WITH SHIGA TOXIN-PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI O26 SEROGROUP\"","authors":"C. Usein, D. Cristea, M. Militaru","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"\"Introduction: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause severe human infections especially in the pediatric population who are at risk of progressing to life threatening systemic complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). In Romania, enhanced monitoring of STEC-associated HUS was implemented in year 2016 after a cluster of infections caused by STEC O26:H11 serotype heightened public awareness of their consequences. Objectives: This study describes the microbiological investigation initiated to identify a STEC-associated HUS pediatric case and determine additional infections among his household contacts. Methods: Fecal specimens collected from a small child hospitalized with HUS and his asymptomatic parents and brother were investigated using a culture-based approach which targeted STEC isolation, identification, and typing. PCR-based assays for key virulence genes (i.e., stx1 and stx2 types/subtypes, eae, and ehxA) were combined with traditional methods such as serogroup determination by slide agglutination. Also, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used for strain genotyping. Results: STEC was identified only in the stool samples of the siblings, one who developed HUS and the other who remained asymptomatic. Both strains belonged to O26 E. coli serogroup and displayed an identical virulence gene profile (presence of stx2a, eae, and ehxA genes). Molecular typing by PFGE showed the STEC strains as highly related genetically and MLST assigned them to sequence type ST21 lineage. Conclusion: A family cluster of O26 STEC infections was detected by using a culture- based molecular approach. Further analysis at whole genome sequencing resolution level is needed for a detailed characterization of such pathogens of significant public health importance. Keywords: HUS, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, virulence genes, PCR, molecular typing\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115357729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LUNG ASPERGILLUS NIGER INFECTION AFTER SARS-COV2","authors":"Angela-Ștefania Marghescu, M. Preda, B. Mahler","doi":"10.54044/rami.2022.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2022.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"\"A 64-year-old never-smoker man, with professional exposure, presented to Marius Nasta Pneumophtisiology Institute for fatigability to effort, in the context of severe SARS-COV2 infection one month previously. His medical history includes pulmonary tuberculosis (55 years ago) and newly diagnosed type II diabetes (261 mg/dL glycemia). Clinical examination revealed no modification, except kyphoscoliosis, pale teguments and mucosa, and diminished vesicular breath sounds on the right side. Blood pressure was 130/70 mmHg, heart rate 96 beats per minute, and oxygen saturation level was 92%. Electrocardiogram revealed sinus rhythm and right bundle branch block. Spirometry showed FEV1 = 3.57 L (115.5%) and FVC = 4.36 L (110.1%). Pulmonary volumes and capacities were normal, but alveolar-capillary diffusion was slowly reduced, with decreased transfer coefficient. Biochemical analysis of the blood revealed the following abnormalities: microcytic hypochromic anemia (hemoglobin 10.7 g/dL, hematocrit 33.8 %, MCV 64.9 fL, MCH 20.5 pg, MCHC 31.7 g/dL), thrombocytosis (375 x 10 3 / µL), hypoproteinemia (total proteins 5.9 g/dL) and increased TGP/ALT (94 U/L). VSH level was normal.\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132721232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}