Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology最新文献

{"title":"ANTIBODY TITER ASSESSMENT BY IMAGE CYTOMETRY","authors":"R. Hertzog, D. Popescu, Bianca Palade","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"\"In order to prevent the spread of viral infections or to assess the effectiveness of vaccination, there is an urgent need for methods to quickly identify and characterize possible treatment options. The serological methods, commonly used for antibody titration, are informative yet the data provided are sometimes limited. Imaging cytometry can be an effective approach for characterizing potential therapeutic antibodies to combat viral infections.\u0000Using an indirect immunofluorescence test, based on BIOCHIP technology to detect anti-yellow fever virus IgG, we realized a calibration curve based on dilution of a positive control serum and a blood sample obtained from a person who has received the yellow fever vaccine. The obtained images were then analysed by image cytometry which involved: image pre-processing, removal of the cell nucleus considered to be the most representative for measurement, indirect measurement of five times the specific corrected total cellular fluorescence (CTCF) for each representative cell and calculation of the average CTCF value. We calculated the mean CTCF values for each condition and correlated the CTCF value with the antibody titer, according to the manufacturer's recommendations.\u0000Image cytometry has the ability to rapidly determine the direct binding of antibodies to host cells and can be applied to study other pathogen-antibody interactions, thus impacting future research on viral pathogens.\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115835665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS - A REAL SOLUTION TO BACTERIAL AND VIRAL INFECTIONS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO MODELS","authors":"I. Balta, I. Pet, L. Ștef","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126301197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 - SYNOPTIC CHART OF THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUS, PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNE RESPONSE, IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS","authors":"V. Lazǎr, P. Ancuța","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Coronaviruses (CoVs) are viruses of zoonotic origin, transmitted from person to person mainly via the respiratory tract. Seven types of CoVs have succeeded in making the leap from animals to humans. Among them, four produce the common cold, while the other three, more recently emerged CoVs, cause the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and exhibit a high epidemic/pandemic potential: SARS-CoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. The new SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the current and unprecedented pandemic, associated with a unique pathology named Corona-virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). These viruses belong to the Coronaviridae family - classified by ICTV (International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses) in the fourth Class, that of enveloped viruses with a positive-strand RNA genome, infectious for both birds and mammals. As an airborne pathogen, its high infectivity is intensified by the widespread expression of its specific entry receptors (ACE-2, TMPRSS2) in various human organs and tissues, SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly from China throughout the whole world, causing numerous infections (approximately 128 million), with a relatively high lethality (approximately 2.8 million). The particular feature of the severe evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is its association with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), mainly in older patients or those with comorbidities. In the absence of a standard therapeutic protocol, the medical systems worldwide have been challenged to continuously improve the COVID-19 treatment, based on emerging data from rapidly initiated clinical trials. At the same time, specialists in virology, immunology, and vaccinology have collaborated at an unprecedented pace to design and implement effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this review we highlight the most important advances made in understanding the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, including the viral replication cycle, as well as COVID-19 pathogenesis, immune responses mounted by the host following natural infection (with various forms, from moderate to severe and lethal ones) and vaccines.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113965556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VARIABILITY OF NEUTROPHIL-ACTIVATING PROTEIN AMONG HELICOBACTER PYLORI STRAINS","authors":"C. Calado","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The Helicobacter pylori neutrophil activating protein (NAP) presents relevant inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity and has consequently been explored as a diagnosis and therapeutic target. In the present work, nap gene sequences, retrieved from H. pylori isolated world-wide, were analyzed, a high genetic diversity (with 88% of alleles) being observed in accordance with other virulence factors. The phylogenetic analysis did not reveal the separation of strains per geographical region according to a bacterial panmictic population. When compared to other genes of virulence factors of H. pylori, such as the vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA), nap presents slightly lower genetic variability, concerning the number of alleles and polymorphic sites, pointing to a possible lower pressure of the host immune system. The nap genetic diversity is associated to a high proportion of synonymous substitutions in relation to non-synonymous substitutions, pointing to equilibrium between the need for antigenic diversity as a mechanism to escape the host immune system and the maintenance of the proteins function. All this information could be put to good use when planning the NAP application as a therapeutic or diagnostic target.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126736910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF HIV INFECTION, EPILEPTIC SEIZURES AND RISK OF DEATH","authors":"C. Pascu, A. Axelerad, I. Dumitru","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study highlights the importance of epileptic seizures in HIV-positive patients with neurological complications, as well as the main neurological disorders that the seizures occurred in. The risk of death associated with seizure onset and the risk of death of the neurological conditions that the seizures arose from was calculated. Methods: 166 HIV-positive patients with neurological disorders admitted to the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital of Constanta between June 2012 and June 2020, were enrolled in an analytical, observational, and retrospective study. The data were extracted from the observation and follow-up sheets of these patients, which presented with neurological manifestations such as epileptic seizures. The data were processed using the IBM SPSS statistics 23 software. Results: Epileptic seizures were described in 47 patients (28,3%) and have been associated more with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) and CNS Toxoplasmosis (CT) and less with HIV associated dementia (HAD) (p < 0,05). Extrapolating, the association of seizures with opportunistic infections versus other neurological complications was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The risk of death was 6 times higher for the patients diagnosed with opportunistic infections than for those suffering from other neurological conditions. In general, the risk of death associated with epileptic seizures in HIV positive patients was 3 times higher, compared to the risk of death in patients without epileptic seizures. Conclusions: The presence of epileptic seizures should accelerate the rhythm of the investigations being conducted; in order to establish the etiological diagnosis and decrease the morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients with neurological complications.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128410866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SULPHATE REDUCING BACTERIA AND HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN HUMAN SALIVA","authors":"Q. Shaqra, R. A. Groom, Ahmad Al-Gabbiesh","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"\"Objectives: Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) are part of the normal oral microbiota. They have been frequently detected in the oral cavity of individuals with and without oral manifestations. The aim of this investigation was to determine possible correlation between SRB count and their activity in saliva versus some oral health manifestations.\u0000Methods: A total of 64 saliva samples were collected from healthy individuals, and patients with several oral manifestations. Detection and count of SRB were performed using documented methods, while sulphide ion concentration which is the metabolic end product of these bacteria was measured using a silver electrode connected to a millivolt meter.\u0000Results: SRB were detected in 35.9% of saliva samples investigated. Statistical significance was observed between the detection of these bacteria and various oral conditions. However, count of SRB and the sulphide ion concentration in the tested samples did not have significant correlation with the oral conditions considered. \u0000Conclusion: The mere detection of SRB in saliva is of significance in the diagnoses of oral conditions. Enumeration of these bacteria and quantification of their metabolic end product in the same samples were not of diagnostic value.\"","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123062392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE HPV INFECTION AND IMMUNIZATION AMONG ROMANIAN MEDICAL STUDENTS","authors":"L. Manolescu, C. Mitran, M. Mitran, S. Georgescu, M. Tampa, Ioana Suciu, G. Suciu, M. Preda, C. Dragomirescu, G. Popa, I. Niță, M. Popa","doi":"10.54044/rami.2021.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/rami.2021.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"In Romania, cervical cancer is the second most frequent neoplasm among women of 15 to 44 years of age, mainly due to a lack of prevention efforts. The purpose of this study is to assess the current knowledge and attitude towards HPV infection and immunization among medical students. Such information is vital in order to properly assess the current shortcomings of our medical system in the struggle of lowering cancer incidence. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out in 2016 and in 2018 on a total of 1,133 participants (median age of 21.9 years, 572 students in 2016 and 562 in 2018). No statistical differences between males and females regarding knowledge of HPV vaccine were found (chi-square 0.046, df = 1, p = 0.83). Moreover, between the 2016 and the 2018 groups, no noticeable changes in HPV awareness and information were observed (2016: chi-square: 0.003, df = 1, p = 0.955; and 2018: chi-square: 0.061, df = 1, p = 0.805). Even though the participants have noted reliable media and medical staff as their main sources of information, our study revealed poor general knowledge, no improvement in perception, and a lack of prophylactic action.","PeriodicalId":237638,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126927071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}