Virtual and Physical Prototyping最新文献

Shape-controlled microneedles for transdermal drug delivery by direct-material-extrusion 3D printing 直接材料挤压3D打印用于经皮给药的形状控制微针

1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2605395

Xiaoxiao Han, Bangchao Liang, Xinyu Li, Tianzhu Gao, Yangguang Zhao, Wei Zhu, Feng Chen

{"title":"Shape-controlled microneedles for transdermal drug delivery by direct-material-extrusion 3D printing","authors":"Xiaoxiao Han, Bangchao Liang, Xinyu Li, Tianzhu Gao, Yangguang Zhao, Wei Zhu, Feng Chen","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2605395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2025.2605395","url":null,"abstract":"Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a cost-effective and widely accessible additive manufacturing technology; however, its limitations in precision and surface finish hinder its suitability for fabricating microneedles (MNs), particularly for medical applications. This study introduces a novel platform that integrates the principles of drawing lithography with FDM, enabling precise and flexible shape control of extruded filaments. By regulating the non-Newtonian fluid deformation process and the thermodynamics of molten filaments, we successfully fabricate high-quality MN devices with diverse functionalities. This approach achieves needle tip sizes as small as ∼25 µm and variable needle lengths ranging from approximately 600 to 2400 µm by modulating filament drawing speed and distance, facilitating effective skin penetration at varying depths of the stratum corneum. Furthermore, we demonstrate the fabrication of MNs with distinct functionalities, including rapidly separable, bionic serrated, and multilayered designs, supported by mechanical verification and skin penetration assessments. This study innovates the conventional layer-by-layer manufacturing paradigm of FDM, establishing an efficient workflow for high-precision, customisable MN fabrication and broadening the applicability of FDM for biomedical engineering.","PeriodicalId":23756,"journal":{"name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital light processing 3D printing of large-scale and crack-free ceramics with perforated internal honeycomb structures 具有多孔内部蜂窝结构的大型无裂纹陶瓷的数字光处理3D打印

1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2589472

Siqian Wu, Rong Wang, Liuchao Jin, Xingjian Huang, Wuzhao Li, Kun Zhou, Qi Ge

{"title":"Digital light processing 3D printing of large-scale and crack-free ceramics with perforated internal honeycomb structures","authors":"Siqian Wu, Rong Wang, Liuchao Jin, Xingjian Huang, Wuzhao Li, Kun Zhou, Qi Ge","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2589472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2025.2589472","url":null,"abstract":"Digital light processing (DLP) enables high-resolution and efficient ceramic additive manufacturing, yet the fabrication of large-scale, crack-free ceramic parts remains severely constrained by critical defects arising during debinding and sintering. To address this challenge, we propose an approach leveraging honeycomb sandwich structures with perforated sidewalls to mitigate crack formation. Key structural parameters, including the outer wall thickness (a) and honeycomb cell characteristics such as sidewall height (h), length (l), thickness (t), and perforation diameter (d), are systematically investigated to evaluate their effects on manufacturability and mechanical performance. The characterisations of sintered ceramic parts further elucidate the mechanism of crack formation and validate the approach in this work. Through a comprehensive consideration of fabrication limits, slurry discharge efficiency and mechanical behaviour, the honeycomb sandwich structure with optimised structural parameters exhibits superior mechanical properties after sintering, achieving more than twice the specific modulus and specific strength of the solid references with the same overall dimensions in three-point bending tests. This work provides valuable guidelines for the structural design and fabrication of honeycomb sandwich ceramic structures to achieve large-scale crack-free ceramic parts, demonstrating great promise for lightweight applications.","PeriodicalId":23756,"journal":{"name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing mechanical performance in bimetallic WAAMed structures through strategic deposition order 策略性沉积顺序提高双金属WAAMed结构的力学性能

1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2581153

Ozan Can Ozaner, Sanjay Gothivarekar, Kevin Angga Gunawan, Abhay Sharma, Reza Talemi, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical performance in bimetallic WAAMed structures through strategic deposition order","authors":"Ozan Can Ozaner, Sanjay Gothivarekar, Kevin Angga Gunawan, Abhay Sharma, Reza Talemi, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2581153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2025.2581153","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of deposition order in bimetallic stainless steel 309L (SS309L) / Inconel 625 fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) on its microstructure, elemental diffusion, and mechanical characteristics. Two deposition strategies were examined: SS309L followed by Inconel 625, and the reverse order. Microstructural analyses revealed that starting with SS309L led to a shorter elemental transition zone (∼1.5 layers), whereas the reverse sequence produced an extended zone up to 4–5 layers, implying delayed phase stabilisation in the SS309L region. Vickers hardness tests showed that the first case exhibited a stable distribution along the build direction, with interface hardness up to ∼270 HV. In contrast, the reverse order produced a broader high-hardness region exceeding 300 HV in the early SS layers due to delayed ferritic phase formation. Tensile tests revealed that the first case achieved 15% higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) compared to the second. Furthermore, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) analysis indicated strain was more concentrated near the interface in the first strategy, suggesting stronger interfacial bonding. These findings highlight deposition order plays a crucial role in controlling interfacial integrity and anisotropic mechanical response in multi-material WAAM structures, providing insights for fabricating functionally graded components in industry.","PeriodicalId":23756,"journal":{"name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147910628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Enhancing forming precision and performance of silica-based ceramic cores via vat photopolymerization 通过还原光聚合提高硅基陶瓷芯的成形精度和性能

1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2565476

Boran Wang, Yongkang Yang, Xin Li, Jiachen Liu, Xue Dong, Anran Guo

{"title":"Enhancing forming precision and performance of silica-based ceramic cores via vat photopolymerization","authors":"Boran Wang, Yongkang Yang, Xin Li, Jiachen Liu, Xue Dong, Anran Guo","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2565476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2025.2565476","url":null,"abstract":"As the internal cooling structure of aero-engine hollow turbine blades becomes more complicated, the corresponding ceramic core structures have also become more complex. This has made the vat photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing technology a key research direction in the field of ceramic core manufacturing. Therefore, after investigating the influence of varying solid loadings on the performance and forming accuracy of ceramic cores, this study further introduces the curing depth-to-overcuring width control factor and systematically explores the multi-factor optimisation strategy of UV absorber (2,2'-[(3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)di(E)diazene-2,1-diyl]bis[N-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide], PY14) content and forming parameters on forming accuracy. The results show that when the solid loading of the ceramic slurry reaches 70 vol.%, the sintering shrinkage rate of the ceramic core is 2.91%, and the flexural strength is 14.24 MPa, while the increase in the over-curing width can be as high as 106.82%; when the addition amount of PY14 is 2.5 wt.‰ and the slice thickness is set at 100 μm, the fluctuation of reaches the minimum value, and the prepared ceramic core has high forming accuracy and excellent performance. The research results of this paper are helpful to promote the wide application of VPP 3D printing technology in the field of ceramic cores.","PeriodicalId":23756,"journal":{"name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147902721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Vat photopolymerization 3D printed ceramics with enhanced mechanical strength for mechanoluminescent applications 还原光聚合3D打印陶瓷与机械发光应用增强机械强度

1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2557408

Xuming Wang, Long Jiang, Yiling Tong, Tianlong Liang, Zhiyuan Liu, Changyong Liu, Dengfeng Peng, Zhangwei Chen

{"title":"Vat photopolymerization 3D printed ceramics with enhanced mechanical strength for mechanoluminescent applications","authors":"Xuming Wang, Long Jiang, Yiling Tong, Tianlong Liang, Zhiyuan Liu, Changyong Liu, Dengfeng Peng, Zhangwei Chen","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2557408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2025.2557408","url":null,"abstract":"The development of ZnS/CaZnOS:Mn2+-based luminescent ceramics with enhanced mechanical and mechanoluminescent properties holds significant importance for applications in stress sensing and structural damage detection. The integration of luminescent materials with advanced manufacturing techniques has garnered attention for such applications. However, previous attempts have been limited by insufficient mechanical strength and inadequate densification. Herein, a novel approach is introduced by optimising the ceramic slurry composition with the addition of LiF as a sintering aid and employing a two-step sintering process. This method significantly enables a threefold increase in elastic modulus, compressive strength, and peak stress compared to previously reported samples. Furthermore, the mechanoluminescent behaviour of these ceramics was demonstrated through experiments that correlate luminescent intensity with applied force, enabling stress visualisation. A stress sensor and a mechanoluminescent shim for railway applications were designed, showcasing the potential of these materials in practical engineering scenarios. This work not only overcomes the limitations of existing methods but also opens new avenues for the application of ZnS/CaZnOS:Mn2+ ceramics in various fields, including structural health monitoring and smart materials. The optimised 3D printing process and enhanced mechanical properties represent a major step forward in the integration of mechanoluminescent materials with advanced manufacturing technologies.","PeriodicalId":23756,"journal":{"name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147907950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Additively manufactured 3D-architected alveolar bone reconstruction scaffolds derived from extracted natural teeth: computational modelling and feasibility evaluation 从提取的天然牙衍生的增材制造的3d建筑牙槽骨重建支架：计算建模和可行性评估

1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2551085

Lingling Zheng, Bingwu Xie, Chao Wang, D. Chen, Liya Ai, Haiyan Liu, Antonio Apicella, Yubo Fan

{"title":"Additively manufactured 3D-architected alveolar bone reconstruction scaffolds derived from extracted natural teeth: computational modelling and feasibility evaluation","authors":"Lingling Zheng, Bingwu Xie, Chao Wang, D. Chen, Liya Ai, Haiyan Liu, Antonio Apicella, Yubo Fan","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2551085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2025.2551085","url":null,"abstract":"The materials and design of scaffolds play a crucial role in promoting bone regeneration in alveolar bone defects. Extracted natural teeth have been considered potential graft biomaterials for treating bone defects. This study aimed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of repairing alveolar bone defects using extracted natural teeth through biomechanical modelling additive manufacturing preparation and in vitro mineralisation experiments. Extracted natural teeth were collected to prepare standardised bioceramic slurry and evaluate the effect of digital light processing (DLP) process parameters including dispersion dosage solids loading and sintering temperatures. The results demonstrated that 50 vol% solid loading slurry with 2 wt.% dispersant dosage was regarded as the optimum slurry and 1200°C was the optimum sintering temperature. Biomechanical properties of four scaffold structures (trabecular diamond gyroid hexagonal void) were compared by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and compression tests. The results determined that G-scaffold exhibited excellent osteogenic space maintenance and mass transport properties. In vitro mineralisation experiments were conducted to validate the apatite-forming capacity of extracted natural teeth scaffolds. In conclusion extracted natural teeth are available to fabricate bioceramic scaffolds via DLP-based additive manufacturing techniques and exhibit superior clinical potential for the repair of alveolar bone defects.","PeriodicalId":23756,"journal":{"name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17452759.2025.2551085?needAccess=true","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insight into the limitation of the Beer–Lambert law in stereolithography ceramic 3D printing: a study on irradiance parameters and slurry curing 透视啤酒-朗伯定律在立体光刻陶瓷3D打印中的局限性：辐照参数和浆料固化的研究

1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2544761

Xiang Li, Haijun Su, Dong Dong, Yun Zhang, Hao Jiang, Yinuo Guo, Minghui Yu, Peixin Yang, Paolo Colombo

{"title":"Insight into the limitation of the Beer–Lambert law in stereolithography ceramic 3D printing: a study on irradiance parameters and slurry curing","authors":"Xiang Li, Haijun Su, Dong Dong, Yun Zhang, Hao Jiang, Yinuo Guo, Minghui Yu, Peixin Yang, Paolo Colombo","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2544761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2025.2544761","url":null,"abstract":"Stereolithography is a promising technique for fabricating ceramic components with complex geometries. Its development has advanced the understanding of curing behaviour, with the Beer–Lambert law commonly used to model the curing process. However, its accuracy in ceramic stereolithography requires further validation. This study examines the response of ceramic slurries to varying irradiance parameters within the Beer–Lambert framework. The fitted results deviate from the model’s predictions when the same slurry is exposed to different irradiation parameters. For slurry S1, the fitted penetration depth values under different parameters (laser power, hatching space, and scanning speed) are 76.2, 113.1, and 85.9 μm, with corresponding critical energy dose values of 14.3, 55.0, and 23.3 mJ/cm2, respectively. For ceramic slurry S2, increasing hatching space raises the energy dose required to reach a 200 μm curing depth from 4.8 to 51.1 mJ/cm2, while increasing scanning speed raises it from 5.7 to 37.2 mJ/cm2. FTIR analysis confirms that higher energy delivery rates reduce polymer conversion. Single-layer tests reveal that a larger hatching space compromises curing uniformity, and faster scanning speeds tend to reduce dimensional stability. These findings highlight the limitations of the Beer–Lambert law and offer insights for process optimisation in ceramic stereolithography.","PeriodicalId":23756,"journal":{"name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17452759.2025.2544761?needAccess=true","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147893432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Achieving balanced mechanical properties in additively manufactured maraging steel matrix composites through phase engineering 通过相工程实现增材制造马氏体时效钢基复合材料力学性能的平衡

1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2542500

Wei Chen, Lianyong Xu, Wenchun Jiang, Danyang Lin

引用次数: 0

Toward high-efficiency multi-material additive manufacturing: a two-step hybrid fabrication strategy 迈向高效多材料增材制造：两步混合制造策略

1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2534466

Zhengda Chen, Da‐Wei Fu, Xiang‐Jun Zha, Huan Qi, Jigang Huang

{"title":"Toward high-efficiency multi-material additive manufacturing: a two-step hybrid fabrication strategy","authors":"Zhengda Chen, Da‐Wei Fu, Xiang‐Jun Zha, Huan Qi, Jigang Huang","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2534466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2025.2534466","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-material objects enable the integration of diverse properties and functionalities through precise three-dimensional material arrangement. Recent research highlights additive manufacturing as a pioneering approach for fabricating these complex structures, offering unprecedented control over spatial material distribution. However, it faces significant limitations when producing multi-material objects in the traditional layer-by-layer manner, as the approach requires frequent material switching, making the process prohibitively time-consuming. In this work, we present a two-step multi-material additive manufacturing strategy which achieves the fabrication of multi-material objects by capillary-driving the materials into the pre-printed framework and curing them with external energy sources. This strategy fundamentally eliminates the frequent material switching that occurs in traditional multi-material printing, thereby significantly enhancing the manufacturing efficiency of multi-material objects. Moreover, this strategy accommodates materials previously incompatible with conventional 3D printing. Tailored mechanical properties of multi-material structures can be achieved by adjusting the porosity and position of the framework. By adding stimulus-responsive materials into the multi-material structure, the strategy also enables 4D printing. This strategy opens a new avenue for the development of multi-material additive manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":23756,"journal":{"name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inverse design of adaptive flexible structures using physical-enhanced neural network. 基于物理增强神经网络的自适应柔性结构反设计。

IF 8.8 1区工程技术

Virtual and Physical Prototyping Pub Date : 2025-07-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2025.2530732

Moslem Mohammadi, Abbas Z Kouzani, Mahdi Bodaghi, Ali Zolfagharian

{"title":"Inverse design of adaptive flexible structures using physical-enhanced neural network.","authors":"Moslem Mohammadi, Abbas Z Kouzani, Mahdi Bodaghi, Ali Zolfagharian","doi":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2530732","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17452759.2025.2530732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional design and analysis of mechanical metamaterials are complex and time-consuming, owing to their nonlinear characteristics. This paper proposes a computationally efficient inverse design framework to predict the nonlinear strain-stress response considering the buckling behaviour under a tensile load. Design and simulation processes of the structures are based on the reduced order model (ROM) of flexible structures, all within a single software environment, MATLAB/Simscape, using the flexible beam blocks. The physical-enhanced neural network (PENN) design is implemented in MATLAB, utilising the results of the ROM model for training and testing. The ROM model takes 4.5 min on average on a 12-core CPU, whereas the trained PENN predicts the stiffness curve in a fraction of a second on a single-core CPU. After training the model, it was utilised to inverse design the metamaterial structure based on a desired stiffness response. Evolutionary optimisation is employed to iteratively feed various structural parameters into the model to find the optimised parameters of a metamaterial structure that can achieve the desired strain-stress response. The proposed metamaterial structure was experimentally validated through three-dimensional (3D) printing using flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament, demonstrating the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23756,"journal":{"name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","volume":"20 1","pages":"e2530732"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0