World Journal of Nuclear Medicine最新文献

{"title":"18 F-Fluorocholine PET-CT Outshines Sestamibi Scintigraphy in Detecting Parathyroid Adenomas in the Background of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis","authors":"Piyush Chandra, Dipayan Nandy, Samir Saini","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774732","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ultrasonography neck and dual-phase 99m Tc-sestamibi (MIBI) scan are standard imaging techniques for the detection of parathyroid adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism. However, in presence of coexistent thyroid disease or small size of adenomas, the accuracy of these imaging modalities is low and leads to delayed diagnosis. We here present a report of two patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and with a nondiagnostic MIBI scan, who subsequently underwent successful surgery after positive localization of adenomas on 18 F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography-computed tomography.","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"33 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Radioactive Iodine Treatment Affects the Retina","authors":"Ceren Gürez, Aynur Özen, Özgül Ekmekçioğlu","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774419","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective  The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses in patients with hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer undergoing radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. Study Design  This prospective study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients following a detailed explanation of the study objectives and protocol. Patient selection was randomized. Patients scheduled for RAI treatment in the Nuclear Medicine Clinic were referred to the ophthalmology clinic, respectively. Patients without additional ocular pathology were included in the study. Methods  All patients had received RAI therapy using Iodine-131 for hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer. A complete ophthalmological examination and measurement of macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using optical coherence tomography were performed on all patients before and at the first and sixth months and in first year after RAI treatment. The results were prospectively evaluated. Results  The study included 80 eyes of 40 patients. The hyperthyroid group was group 1, and the thyroid cancer group was group 2. There were 25 patients in group 1 and 15 patients in group 2. The mean age was 43.76 ± 11.85 years (range: 22–65 years) in group 1 and 39.87 ± 9.13 years (range: 30–58 years) in group 2. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding age and sex ( p  > 0.05). In both groups, no significant difference was found in the macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses values obtained in both eyes before and after the RAI treatment. Conclusion  As a result of our study, we observed that RAI intake did not harm the retinal layer.","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"69 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive Skeletal Muscle Metastases in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Detected by FDG PET/CT","authors":"Mustafa Yilmaz, Ozan Kandemir, Ediz Tutar","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774730","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but aggressive tumor originating from pleural mesothelial cells. Distant skeletal muscle metastasis is rare in MPM. A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with epithelioid MPM and treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy 2 years ago. During follow-up, diffuse irregular pleural thickening with focal chest wall invasion in the right hemithorax and two small pleural thickenings in the left hemithorax were seen on control diagnostic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG PET/CT) imaging was performed as part of restaging. PET showed diffusely increased FDG uptake in the recurrent right pleural tumor, and two hypermetabolic small metastatic foci in the contralateral pleura. In addition, multiple hypermetabolic areas of various sizes in various skeletal muscle localizations, suggestive of extensive muscle metastases were noted. Histopathologic study confirmed metastatic epithelioid MPM. FDG PET/CT revealed multiple muscle metastases which were not observed on earlier CECT and contributed to the visualization of more extensive metastatic involvements in the presented case with MPM. FDG PET/CT can detect rarely seen skeletal muscle metastases that are not visualized on diagnostic CT, and provides more accurate restaging of MPM.","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"68 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pros and Cons of Alpha versus Beta Bone Seeking Agents in the Treatment of Cancer Pain","authors":"K. Liepe","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774731","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal metastases occur in many types of solid malignant tumors, especially in advanced stage of prostate, breast, and lung cancers. The resulting bone pain affects patient ’ s quality of life and requires effective treatment. Only osteoblastic bone metastases are suitable for treatment with bone-seeking agents. Typical tumors are prostate cancer with 65 to 85% of bone metastases, breast cancer with 65 to 75%, and small cell lung cancer with 34 to 50%, respectively. 1 The mechanisms involved in bone pain are poorly understood, 2 but are likely to be a consequence of osteolysis (bone breakdown). 3 In fi ltration of the bone trabeculae and matrix by tumor osteolysis is one of the physical factors. Pain may result from instability-based microfractures and stretching of the periosteum by tumor growth. 4 The pathophysiological mechanisms of pain include stimulation of free nerve endings in the endosteum bya variety ofchemical mediators like bradykinin,prostaglandin, histamine, interleukin, and tumor necrosis factor. 4,5","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"30 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FDG PET-CT in Clinical Management of a Rare Case of Primary Hepatic Lymphoma: Role and Challenges","authors":"T. Jain, Naveen Gupta, Hemant Malhotra, Lalit Mohan Sharma","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774734","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The common differential diagnoses for multiple space-occupying hepatic lesions (SOL) are metastases, multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma, and abscess. Primary hepatic lymphomas are rare entities that present many challenges with regard to their management. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography is extensively used for the staging and response assessment of lymphomas but it can be challenging and difficult to interpret in cases with isolated liver involvement. We hereby present the case of an 82-year-old lady who presented with multiple liver SOL.","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial MEN1 Syndrome Diagnosed on Functional Imaging: A Case Report with Clinical and Genetic Correlation","authors":"Ashwini Kalshetty, Ashwini Chalikandy","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1768448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1768448","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by tumors involving parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreas. The diagnosis is mostly clinical and by the presence of MEN1 gene mutation. We present a case with initial presentation of neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas whose ancillary findings on 68 Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography-computed tomography helped in raising suspicion of MEN1, which was confirmed on genetic testing and family history. We emphasize the importance of using gestalt approach in such cases to avoid misdiagnosis or delay. Additionally, we describe the clinical profile of affected family members with their MEN1 gene mutation status, highlighting the gestalt approach again to uncover the unknowns.","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theranostics in Developing Countries: Addressing Challenges and Potentials from Training to Practice.","authors":"Akram Al-Ibraheem","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774733","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, nuclear medicine (NM) has witnessed noteworthy expansion, presenting several technologies and procedures that aid in the identification and management of various illnesses and disorders. The current era of globalization has posed difficulties for health care systems in managing the escalating incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries.1 The use of radionuclide pairs for both diagnosis and treatment, known as theranostics, has become increasingly popular in developing countries.2 This is due to the availability of more resources, expertise, and personnel. Although the idea of combining therapyand diagnosis has been studied and utilized formany years, recent advancements in cancer genomics and hallmarks have led to significant progress in the field of theranostics over the past two decades. Nowadays, NM theranostics are improving the prognosis of cancer patients through the use of lutetium-based radionuclide therapies, whichhavebeenvalidated in phase III clinical trialswith high confidence.3,4 To date, many Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern, and Latin American countries have continuously offered advanced NM services.5–7 Some of these countries serve as exemplary models in the developing world, as they leverage their limited resources to generate numerous radionuclides, conduct practical research projects, and significantly contribute to the progress of theranostics. Additionally, they have augmented the size of their NM workforce by offering specialized NM training programs as well as fellowship programs. Although theranostics has made substantial strides and improvements, a discernible discrepancy persists among developing countries. This disparity is particularly noticeable in theMiddle East, where numerous countries are embroiled inwars and conflicts.8 These developing countries are currently encountering difficulties keeping up with the latest advancements in theranostics. Presently, there are over 2,000 NM centers in the region.9 Several countries in the region have made investments in establishing production facilities. This investment has contributed to a noticeable increase in the local supply of essential radiopharmaceuticals. It is noteworthy that several centers of excellence in NM are currently involved in providing early experience with innovative theranostic agents, despite several limitations. This has been made possible due to flexible national and institutional regulations that have facilitated the early adoption ofmany novel theranostic pairs. A notable example of this was the recent publication of the first-inhuman single photon emission computed tomography /computed tomography of terbium-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer by the King Hussein Cancer Center team.10,11 In many developing countries, NM specialists are often perceived by other specialties as diagnostic physicians. This perception remains prominent in regions where the i","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"171-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-OSEM versus FORE + OSEM: Optimal Reconstruction Algorithm for FDG PET with a Short Acquisition Time.","authors":"Keisuke Tsuda,&nbsp;Takayuki Suzuki,&nbsp;Kazuhito Toya,&nbsp;Eisuke Sato,&nbsp;Hirofumi Fujii","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  In this study, we investigated the optimal reconstruction algorithm in fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with a short acquisition time. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  In the phantom study, six spheres filled with FDG solution (sphere size: 6.23-37 mm; radioactivity ratio of spheres to background = 8:1) and placed in a National Electrical Manufacturers Association phantom were evaluated. Image acquisition time was 15 to 180 seconds, and the obtained image data were reconstructed using each of the Fourier rebinning (FORE) + ordered subsets expectation-maximization (OSEM) and 3D-OSEM algorithms. In the clinical study, mid-abdominal images of 19 patients were evaluated using regions of interest placed on areas of low, intermediate, and high radioactivity. All obtained images were investigated visually, and quantitatively using maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and coefficient of variation (CV). <b>Results</b>  In the phantom study, FORE + OSEM images with a short acquisition time had large CVs (poor image quality) but comparatively constant maximum SUVs. 3D-OSEM images showed comparatively constant CVs (good image quality) but significantly low maximum SUVs. The results of visual evaluation were well correlated with those of quantitative evaluation. Small spheres were obscured on 3D-OSEM images with short acquisition time, but image quality was not greatly deteriorated. The clinical and phantom studies yielded similar results. <b>Conclusion</b>  FDG PET images with a short acquisition time reconstructed by FORE + OSEM showed poorer image quality than by 3D-OSEM. However, images obtained with a short acquisition time and reconstructed with FORE + OSEM showed clearer FDG uptake and more useful than 3D-OSEM in the light of the detection of lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"234-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Value of Sequential ¹⁸ F-FDG PET/CT Metabolic Parameters in Outcomes of Upper-Third Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Treated with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy.","authors":"Le Ngoc Ha,&nbsp;Nguyen Dinh Chau,&nbsp;Bui Quang Bieu,&nbsp;Mai Hong Son","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1774417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  The aim of this study is to determine prognostic values of sequential ¹⁸ F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. <b>Materials and Methods</b>  Forty locally advanced ESCC patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) who received pre-treatment ¹⁸ F-FDG PET/CT (PET1) and 3-months post-treatment ¹⁸ F-FDG PET/CT (PET2) were enrolled in the prospective study. ¹⁸ F-FDG PET parameters of the primary tumor including maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated on PET delineated primary tumor. Using Kaplan-Meier curves to estimated overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local-regional control (LRC). Cox regression analysis was performed to find significant prognostic factors for survival. <b>Results</b>  With a median follow-up of 13.5 months, the 4-year OS, PFS, and LRC rates were 67.3%, 52.6%, and 53.4% respectively. Patients with MTV 2 > 5.7 had lower OS, PFS, and LRC rates than the lower MTV 2 group (p < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that MTV2 was a significant prognostic factor for OS, PFS, and LRC (p < 0.05). <b>Conclusion</b>  MTV parameter of sequential ¹⁸ F-FDG PET/CT could be used as a prognostic factor for OS, PFS, and LRC in locally advanced ESCC patients treated with dCRT.</p>","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"226-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49682939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a Cutoff Serum Thyroglobulin Value for the Diagnosis and Management of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.","authors":"Jiwan Paudel","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771286","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1771286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  The aim of this study was to define a cutoff serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level associated with either residual or metastasis that may help decide postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) scan and treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients residing in low-income countries like Nepal. <b>Methods</b>  We prospectively studied a total of 81 patients (female-to-male ratio of 3.0:1; mean age: 37.3 ± 14.0 years, within age range of 14-88 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy with/without neck dissection and were referred for RAI whole-body scan (WBS) ± RAI ablation or adjuvant treatment in the department of Nuclear Medicine, Chitwan Medical College. We calculated the cutoff value of Tg using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. <b>Results</b>  Forty-six of 81 patients (56.7%) had remnants in the thyroid bed, 26/81 (32.1%) had regional lymph node metastasis, 9/81 (11.1%) had distant lymph node metastasis, 3/81 (3.7%) had lung metastases, and only 1/81 (1.2%) had bone metastases. RAI WBS was positive in 61/81 (75.3%) patients and negative in 20/81 (24.7%) patients. Seventeen of 81 (20.9%) patients had negative RAI scans with low serum Tg levels; only 3/81 (3.7%) patients had Tg elevated negative RAI scan (TENIS). Although scan was positive in 61/81 (75.3%) patients, 64/81 (79.0%) patients received treatment with RAI, of which 3/81 (3.7%) patients were TENIS patients. There was a significant difference in serum Tg levels between patients who received or did not receive RAI ablation or treatment ( <i>p</i>  < 0.05). On ROC curve analysis, the cutoff value of Tg levels between patients who received and did not receive treatment was 2.9 ng/mL (sensitivity: 85.9%; specificity: 94.1%; positive predictive value [PPV], 98.2%; negative predictive value [NPV]: 64.0%; AUC: 0.938). <b>Conclusion</b>  We identified a cutoff value of 2.9 ng/mL between patients who required or did not require treatment with high sensitivity, specificity, and PPVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23742,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"208-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48001005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}