World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Real-time driver drowsiness and distraction detection using convolutional neural network with multiple behavioral features","authors":"Jaira -Salayon- Hernandez, Fernando -Teston- Pardales Jr, Neña Mae -Sumaylo- Lendio, Ian Exequiel -Sibayan- Manalili, Eufemia -Acol- Garcia, Antonio -Calumba- Tee Jr.","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1976","url":null,"abstract":"Road accidents caused by driver drowsiness and distraction represent significant threats to worldwide road safety, with fatalities and injuries at alarming rates in the Philippines. With a significant number of casualties, the need for proactive measures is urgent. Recognizing the human factor as the primary cause of accidents, this study aimed to develop a real-time driver drowsiness and distraction detection system to mitigate risks. Using non-intrusive camera sensors and convolutional neural networks (CNN), the system monitors the driver’s behavior, including facial expressions, eye movements, and lane position, to detect signs of drowsiness and distraction. This study meticulously outlines the systematic procedures, employing a quantitative developmental research approach to design and assess the effectiveness of the system. Real-world on-road testing with participants engaged in long-duration driving ensures the authenticity of data collection. The findings highlight the system's promising performance in drowsiness and distraction detection, with high accuracy rates and an effective alert system triggered upon detection of potential risks. The integration of CNN technology underscores the system's potential to significantly enhance road safety, offering immediate benefits for drivers, vehicle manufacturers, and road safety authorities. This research sets a foundation for future advancements in proactive driver safety technologies, emphasizing the critical importance of addressing driver drowsiness and distraction on the roads.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Students’ knowledge and attitude towards school hygiene: A micro study in Murshidabad district","authors":"Barsha Chakraborty, Suvendu Ray","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2114","url":null,"abstract":"School hygiene is a crucial practice in educational settings, involving personal hygiene practices, environmental factors, and regular cleaning to ensure the health and well-being of students and staff. This study has aimed to assess students' knowledge and attitudes towards hygiene in schools, aiming to inform targeted educational programs and policies to improve children's health and wellbeing. The researcher used a descriptive survey approach and a micro survey method among XI graded students in Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. The study focuses on XI graded students in Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India, using a random sampling method to select 498 students. The researcher used a standardized scale and closed-ended questionnaire to collect data on knowledge and attitude towards school hygiene. The study revealed that significant differences in knowledge about school hygiene among male and female XI-graded students in Murshidabad district, West Bengal. Girls performed better than boys in terms of knowledge, with urban students having better knowledge than rural students. There are also differences in knowledge between arts and science faculties. The lack of hygiene promotion materials and supplies affects learners' attitudes and practices. Girls have a better attitude towards school hygiene, while rural and urban students have different attitudes. The positive attitude towards school hygiene depends on increasing knowledge among students. It has suggested educational interventions, awareness campaigns, and collaboration among schools, parents, and authorities to promote cleanliness and health consciousness.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the functional outcome of Philos Plate Vs. external fixator in the management of proximal humerus fracture","authors":"Hazrat Akbar, Umar Faheem, Bilal Hassan Khan, Zaigham Bajwa, Farasat Umar, Sajid Hussain, Zain Naseer, Asad Riaz, Syed Saifullah Shah, Nadeem Siraj","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2106","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proximal humerus fractures, are a major medical issue that are relatively prevalent. 4-5% of all fractures are proximal humeral fractures, most of which involve older and osteoporotic individuals. Objectives: To compare the functional outcome of philos plate vs. external fixator in the management of proximal humerus fracture. Material and Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. From November 23, 2022, to May 23, 2023. After approval from the hospital's ethical board, 112(56 per group) patients were included in the study through an emergency. Informed consent was taken from parents. We stratified patients into two groups. Group A received the treatment of Philos, while Group B received the external fixator treatment. Functional outcome was assessed at the end of 3 months postoperatively using constant shoulder score. The collected data were entered and analyzed accordingly using SPSS version 27. Results: In the current study, a total of 112 patients included underwent two surgical interventions, among these, 56 patients underwent Philos plating while an equal number of patients underwent external fixation. In Group A and B, the majority were males (37:47) out of 112. The mean age of patients was equal in both groups (Group A=44.36±11.71), and the mean age of patients was (Group A=44.88±10.05), ranging from 20 to 80 years. In Group A, the average BMI was less than 24.29±4.23, ranging from 18-35 kg/m2, compared to Group B, 28.89±3.77, ranging from 22-35 kg/m2. 38(67.9%) were effected from right side as in Group A while 41(73.2%) were effected from right side in Group B. Majoruty 28(50.0%) had history of RTA in Group A while patients 24(42.9%) were observed with history of RTA in Group B25(44.6%) cases reported excellent outcome, 6(10.7%) reported very good outcome, 16(21.4%) good, 7(12.5%) fair and 2(3.6%) poor outcome in Group A. In Group B, 36(64.3%) excellent, 7(12.5%) very good, 12(21.4%) cases reported Good and 1(1%) reported fair outcome. So it is concluded that 25(44.6%) cases reported excellent outcome in Group A, comparatively low as compared to Group B 36(64.3%). Only age was significantly associated with excellent outcomes as p<.05. Conclusion: It is concluded that External fixation demonstrated a better outcome as compared to Philos Plating, so in Orthopaedic practice, External fixation should be preferred for patients diagnosed with proximal humerus fracture to get better results and reduce the complications.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive overview of privacy, security and performance issues in flying Ad Hoc Networks","authors":"Emmanuel Asituha","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2166","url":null,"abstract":"Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs) represent an ever evolving area in wireless network communications, despite this massive achievements, FANETs faces significant security, privacy, and performance issues due to their highly mobile and decentralized nature. This paper aims to address these challenges, focusing on robust privacy, security, and efficient performance in dynamic environments with frequent topology changes and high data demands. Existing solutions, including cryptographic techniques and secure routing protocols, show limitations in adaptability and efficiency. This paper reviews these issues, identifying gaps such as the need for adaptive security measures and improved communication protocols. The proposed methodology includes advanced encryption, secure key management, continuous threat monitoring, and adaptive communication strategies. The results highlight opportunities for improvement, emphasizing the development of resilient security frameworks and efficient data management. Addressing these issues will enhance FANET reliability and effectiveness, supporting broader applications in military operations, disaster management, and environmental monitoring.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"11 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"In vitro” antimicrobial activity of extracts from the leafy stems of Momordica charantia Linné (Cucurbitaceae) on some multi-resistant microbial strains","authors":"Ténor Dias-Mendel ALLODE, Ferdinand Mènakpo ADOUNKPE, Honesty TOHON, Viridiane Newlyne Jesuklo AHOLOUKPE, Saliou LATOUNDJI, Nathalie Gbessiwèdè HOUNMASSE, Akodji Dèfognon Fiacre MIGAN, Issiaka Karim YOUSSAO, Lamine Saïd BABA MOUSSA","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2079","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. This study aimed to explore the \"In Vitro\" antimicrobial activity of extracts of leafy stems of M. charantia on a few multi-resistant germs. Methods: Phytochemical screening of M. charantia leafy stem powder was carried out by the methods of colorimetry and thin layer chromatography followed by the search for larval cytotoxicity. The sensitivity test by the solid medium diffusion method and the search for resistance genes were carried out on E. coli ATCC25922 then on K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, and E. coli isolated from hospital samples. Flavonoids, alkaloids, stetol-terpenes and saponosides were identified in the powder of the leafy stems of M. charantia. Results: No cytotoxic effects were observed in Artemia salina at the LC 50 of 6.25 mg/ml. With the exception of Ciprofloxacin, Ertapenem and Ceftriaxone which showed respective resistance rates of 60%, 90% and 90%, absolute resistance, i.e. 100%, was observed against Ampicillin, Aztreonam, and Augmentin. The resistance genes present in the bacterial strains studied were SHV, TEM, CTX-M1 and CTX-M15. The sensitivity tests carried out indicate that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts were active on the strains tested with respectively average inhibition diameters of between 9 ±1 and 14 ±1 mM then between 9 ±1 and 12 ±1 mM. Conclusion: This study revealed antimicrobial activity of each of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leafy stems of M. charantia of the multidrug-resistant bacterial strains studied.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"1 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the mechanical effects of coconut coir reinforcement on Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks","authors":"Peter Olugbenga Omotainse, Olawale Usman Dairo, Adedayo Adekunle Badejo, Adewole Ayobami Aderinlewo, Olayemi Johnson Adeosun","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2062","url":null,"abstract":"Compressed stabilised earth blocks (CSEBs) are produced from inorganic soil compacted under high pressure to create a solid block. This study explores the potential benefits of incorporating coconut coir into CSEBs to enhance their mechanical properties and water absorption. It focused on optimising the mix design of CSEBs with coconut coir reinforcement to achieve maximum compressive strength and minimise water absorption. The study employs a quadratic model to analyse the effects of moisture ratio, cement ratio, and coconut coir content on compressive strength. The results indicate that the moisture content and cement ratio significantly affect compressive strength, while coconut coir content is insignificant. However, the findings suggest that adding coconut coir can reduce water absorption in CSEBs. The analysis of variance reveals that the model is significant, with a predicted R-squared of 0.5884 and an adjusted R-squared of 0.6592. The results contribute to the growing research on using coconut coir as a reinforcement material in CSEBs, offering practical recommendations for their application in building construction.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"11 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates on some medicinal and ornamental plants- Ayurvedic medicines","authors":"Kiran P. Kolkar, Ravindra B. Malabadi, Sadiya MR, Veena Sharada B, Raju K. Chalannavar","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1893","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review paper highlights morphology, distribution, medicinal properties of commercially important tree species, Thespesia populnea, Terminalia arjuna, Butea monosperma (Palas), Silver oak (Grevillea robusta), Mangifera indica, Madhuca longifolia,Melia azadirachta, Michelia champaca, Moringa oleifera, Peltophorum pterocarpum, and Aegle marmelos. These plants have been used for centuries by local communities and traditional healers for their therapeutic and medicinal properties. Medicinal plants play a crucial role in the Western Ghats, both ecologically and culturally. The use of herbal medicines for the treatment of diseases is safe and traditional. Therefore, medicinal plants have been receiving great attention because of their safety. The Western Ghats harbors more than 7,500 flowering plant species, of which nearly 1,500 are recognized for their medicinal values by local communities and traditional healers. The Western Ghats population traditional medical practices frequently center on using plant-based treatments. These medicinal plants are carefully chosen, and preparation techniques have been perfected through many years of practice. Studies indicated that Mangifera indica possesses antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, cardiotonic, hypotensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Mango contains Mangiferin, a polyphenolic antioxidant and a glucosyl xanthone, has strong antioxidant, anti lipid peroxidation, immunomodulation, cardiotonic, hypotensive, wound healing, antidegenerative and antidiabetic activities.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"11 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the moderating role of altruistic beliefs on negative emotional appeals in digital charity advertising: A study on guilt, shame, and donation intention among Indonesian donors","authors":"Adil Liaqat, Made Sukresna","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1989","url":null,"abstract":"The rising demand for charitable organizations is fueled by increasing numbers of people in need, growing inequalities, and crises such as wars, natural disasters, and inflation. Charities face the challenge of securing sufficient funding, worsened by increased competition and a decline in public donation behavior. Developing new marketing strategies is crucial, particularly leveraging social media in the digital age. While previous research underscores the persuasive power of emotional advertising, gaps remain in understanding which emotions most effectively drive donation intentions. This thesis explores the impact of emotional advertising appeals in digital charity marketing campaigns on donation intention, investigating whether positive or negative appeals are more influential. Additionally, it examines gender differences in altruism and how altruistic values moderate the effects of negative emotional appeals on guilt and shame. An experimental research design was used, with a between-subject design involving three groups exposed to positive, negative, or neutral advertising stimuli. The sample consisted of 200 respondents over 18 years old, representative of the Indonesian population. Participants were randomly assigned to groups and answered questions on donation intentions, altruistic values, emotional reactions, and demographics. Statistical analysis revealed that positive and negative advertising appeals elicit different emotions. Surprisingly, no significant difference was found between positive and negative appeals on donation intention, suggesting emotional orientation does not influence donation intentions. The study also found stronger altruistic beliefs in women and that altruistic values amplify guilt and shame in response to negative emotional appeals.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"11 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and execution of a notification system for lectures in universities","authors":"Victoria Nkemjika Emmanuel, Bright Uzoma Ezeoha, Victor Chibunna Enyinnaya","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2087","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is design and implementation of a lecture alert system for Computer Science Department which makes use of Short Message Service (SMS) to enable lecturers to know when they have lectures and also deliver the venue, department, day, date and time to their phones. The motivation for this work is due to the challenges of the consistence report of errors in the process of filling and allocating the lectures on the time table, lack of effective record system or database system to store the record of time table and clashes of lecture because one venue can be allocated to different lecturers at the same time. The methodology that will be employed in this study is the object-oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) which will make use of the following programming languages; JavaScript for controls and flexibility, PHP for effective linking and communication with the database machine, HTML for browser communicator, a database machine, MySQL, and macromedia flash (11.0) for the video output display. The expected result that will be obtained is to a design a conventional lecture alert system using Short Messaging Service (SMS), also to provide a new method of checking lectures using mobile phone short messaging service work and to alert students ahead of their lectures and inform them of the venue of the lecture.","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"9 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology of bloodstream infections among pediatric patients in Bauchi metropolis, north-east Nigeria","authors":"Torkwase Janet Aondofa, Ahmed Faruk Umar, Yusuf Alhaji Suleiman","doi":"10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.1784","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of bacterial infections in children is increasing by the day, this gives a cause for concern regarding the high rate of bloodstream infection (BSI) and associated mortality in developing countries. Physical signs and symptoms may be useful but have limited specificity which would be addressed with bacteriologic blood culture. This study was aimed at determining the etiologic agents of bacteremia and the prevalence in pediatric patients aged 0-5years. Methods: Two hundred and sixty- two (262) blood samples were analyzed from children aged 0-5years, attending hospitals within Bauchi metropolis with features suggestive of septicemia. Samples were collected under aseptic conditions and automated blood culture was done on BacT/ALERT 3D Biomerieux, Germany. Positive blood culture was sub-cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar and identified on Vitek2 (bioMѐrieux, France) automated system after gram staining. Changes in pathogen distribution according to age and gender were determined by the chi-square test and statistical significance confirmed if a two-tailed p-value was not more than 0.01. Results: Bacteria was isolated in 119 (45.4) of samples with highest rate among neonates 54(45.3). Staphylococcus aureus 21 (17.6) was the most predominant organism isolated across all age groups with a higher occurrence in patients<1year old. A chi-square test of independence for culture positivity and age/gender at p<.01 was not significant Conclusion: In this study both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are implicated in pediatric bloodstream infections. Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant organism followed by members of the Enterobacterales (Enterobacter spp, Klebsiella spp and Escherichia coli).","PeriodicalId":23739,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}