Water Supply最新文献_第6页

Time-averaged flow characterisations in a bimodal gravel-bed stream and relative role of sediment depositions on near-bed coherent flow structures 双峰砾石床溪流的时间平均水流特征以及沉积物对近床相干水流结构的相对作用

Water Supply Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2024.027

R. Das, Pritam Malakar, A. Datta

{"title":"Time-averaged flow characterisations in a bimodal gravel-bed stream and relative role of sediment depositions on near-bed coherent flow structures","authors":"R. Das, Pritam Malakar, A. Datta","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study aims to quantify experimentally the relative role of sediment depositions on near-bed flows and turbulence in a gravel-bed stream. Time-averaged velocity was measured over a sand-filled gravel-bed stream with four cases of sediment depositions and compared with those over a gravel-bed stream without sediment depositions. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter was used to measure the instantaneous velocity of flows. The progressive infilling of void spaces in the gravel-bed stream forms distinct bimodal depositions that alter the mean flows characterised by increasing zero-velocity levels and massive damping in the bed shear stresses. The data plots of turbulent intensity depict enhancement of streamwise turbulent intensity in the near-bed flow region with increasing sand depositions. Moreover, the opposite nature of streamwise and vertical turbulent kinetic energy fluxes in the interfacial sublayer leads to slowing down the time-average Reynolds shear stresses at the vicinity of the gravel-bed surface. At the vicinity of the crest, the ejection and sweep events contributed approximately 86 and 56%, respectively, to the total Reynolds shear stress production in the case of gravel bed under clear-water flow conditions. By contrast, the contributions of turbulent sweep events increased over the sand-filled gravel bed at the same location.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"16 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140442951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of using ponds as a nature-based solution on the optimal irrigation management of paddy fields 将池塘作为水田灌溉优化管理的自然解决方案的评估

Water Supply Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2024.014

S. Janatrostami

{"title":"Assessment of using ponds as a nature-based solution on the optimal irrigation management of paddy fields","authors":"S. Janatrostami","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The water availability to supply agricultural water requirements plays an important role in the performance of agricultural products. Paddy fields depend heavily on water during cultivation, making this issue particularly important. In such cases, nature-based solutions, such as ponds, can be a suitable method to address water shortages for irrigation purposes. This study aims to develop a water allocation optimization model to evaluate the impact of two scenarios in ponds. In the scenario of increasing the ponds' depth, the hydraulic connection between the ponds and the groundwater level was taken into consideration. Based on this perspective, the scenario of increasing the depth resulted in a 0.33 million m3 increase in the volume of ponds, leading to an average percentage increase of 0.23% in the supply of irrigation requirements. The optimized model results in the pond dredging scenario showed a 2.03 million m3 increase in the volume of available water compared to the existing conditions, and a 1.70 million m3 increase compared to the pond deepening scenario. The results show that dredging ponds have a greater impact on increasing available water volume. It is also important to consider the hydraulic connection between ponds and groundwater levels in the pond-deepening approach.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"683 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The economic impact of water diversion: evidence from China 引水对经济的影响：来自中国的证据

Water Supply Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2024.013

Hang Xu, Rui Yang

引用次数: 0

Stochastic model applied to water demand management in Brazil 应用于巴西水资源需求管理的随机模型

Water Supply Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2024.011

Vanessa Silva Santos, Anderson Gadea, Cohim Eduardo

{"title":"Stochastic model applied to water demand management in Brazil","authors":"Vanessa Silva Santos, Anderson Gadea, Cohim Eduardo","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The increasing scarcity of water sources near urban areas, coupled with urbanization and population growth, necessitates the development of solutions that optimize water demand management, which entails a more accurate estimation of consumption patterns and implementing measures that promote the rational use of water. A stochastic residential water demand model was built based on the superposition of pulses of constant intensity and variable arrival time and duration applied to the microcomponent consumption at a 1-min resolution, reflecting the aggregate system contributions to the total instantaneous demand. The model can support the planning of water supply systems (WSSs) and was calibrated using data from Brazilian institutes and a literature review of statistical data on users and end uses of water in Brazilian dwellings. Innovatively, it proposes the use of water demand forecasting aimed at applying demand management measures evaluating the replacement of conventional devices for water-saving ones by analyzing hydrographs of 50–50,000 households, in addition to detailing the influence of the K2 peak factor. The results demonstrated a new water consumption profile with about a 40% reduction in water demand. A new equation for K2 is proposed, which was shown to be underestimated for small populations.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"81 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of irrigation water requirements in the Gharb-irrigated perimeter (north-western Morocco) 估算加尔布灌区（摩洛哥西北部）的灌溉需水量

Water Supply Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2024.012

Yousra Cheikhaoui, Mohamed Sadiki, Mohamed Allouza, Saïd Chakiri, Abdelahek Bouabdli

{"title":"Estimation of irrigation water requirements in the Gharb-irrigated perimeter (north-western Morocco)","authors":"Yousra Cheikhaoui, Mohamed Sadiki, Mohamed Allouza, Saïd Chakiri, Abdelahek Bouabdli","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Climate change has significant implications in semi-arid regions, including the Gharb Plain in North-Western Morocco. The short- or long-term consequences can have serious impacts on the population and the ecosystem, and more particularly on agricultural activities. Addressing the challenges of sustainable food production within the existing agricultural land while minimizing ecological disruption poses a pressing concern. A key aspect in achieving this balance lies in accurately estimating water requirements and maintaining water balance in irrigated agricultural areas, thereby ensuring efficient allocation of water resources while minimizing the ecological footprint in arid and semi-arid regions. This study employs NASA POWER meteorological data, GIS technology, and the Penman–Monteith equation to estimate irrigation water requirements (IWRs) for rice, sugarcane, and citrus crops in the Gharb Plain. Our study shows a significant decrease in IWRs in the Gharb Plain region, due to improved agricultural practices and efficient irrigation techniques. The peak period for crop water needs is between May and September. Sugarcane has the highest water consumption compared to rice and citrus. Climate variables, irrigation efficiency, and changes in cultivation impact water requirements. Our findings aid in estimating irrigation needs for different crops in the Gharb Plain, promoting sustainable water management.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"68 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140486346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of land subsidence using coupled particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm: the case of Damghan aquifer 利用耦合粒子群优化和遗传算法估算土地沉降：达姆甘含水层案例

Water Supply Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2024.002

Reza Ashouri, S. Emamgholizadeh, Hooman Haji Kandy, S. S. Mehdizadeh, Saeed Jamali

{"title":"Estimation of land subsidence using coupled particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm: the case of Damghan aquifer","authors":"Reza Ashouri, S. Emamgholizadeh, Hooman Haji Kandy, S. S. Mehdizadeh, Saeed Jamali","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Land subsidence, which is mainly caused by the over-extraction of groundwater, is one of the most important problems in arid and semi-arid regions. In the present study, seven factors affecting the land subsidence, i.e., the types of subsoil, land use, pumping, recharge, the thickness of the plain aquifer, distance to the fault, and groundwater depletion, were considered as input data for the ALPRIFT framework and intelligence models to map both subsidence vulnerability index and prediction of land subsidence. The hybrid of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) (hybrid PSO-GA) was then used to optimize the weights of the input layers and the estimation of the land subsidence. The capability of the PSO-GA at the prediction of land subsidence was compared with the typical GA model and gene expression programming (GEP). The statistical indices coefficient of correlation (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to assess the accuracy and reliability of the applied models. The results showed that the hybrid PSO-GA model had R2, RMSE, and MAE equal to 0.91, 1.11 cm, and 0.94 cm, respectively. In comparison with the GA and GEP models, the hybrid PSO-GA model improved the prediction of land subsidence and reduced RMSE by 24.30 and 16.80%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic probabilistic analytical modeling for estimating rainfall–runoff transformation rates in drylands 用于估算旱地降雨-径流转化率的动态概率分析模型

Water Supply Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.339

Yiyuan Shao

引用次数: 0

Role of environmental education in water pollution prevention and conservation in Nigeria 环境教育在尼日利亚水污染预防和保护中的作用

Water Supply Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.337

Anthony KolaOlusanya, Ezekiel Oyeyemi, Peter Sanjo Adewale, Olubukola Omobuwa

{"title":"Role of environmental education in water pollution prevention and conservation in Nigeria","authors":"Anthony KolaOlusanya, Ezekiel Oyeyemi, Peter Sanjo Adewale, Olubukola Omobuwa","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.337","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water-related issues such as scarcity and pollution have become increasingly pressing in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria, highlighting the need for an effective environmental education (EE) programme. The relationship between EE and water pollution prevention and conservation in Nigeria remains an open question. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of EE in water pollution prevention and conservation in Nigeria. A simple random sampling was used to select 766 respondents from the southwest geo-political zone of Nigeria. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Results show a high level of awareness of water pollution and conservation strategies. However, people's attitude towards preventing water pollution and conservation was poor. Age does not significantly (at p < 0.05) affect awareness and attitude towards water pollution prevention and conservation. However, the level of education significantly (at p < 0.05) influences the level of awareness and attitude of people towards water pollution prevention and conservation. EE increases awareness and attitude towards water pollution prevention and conservation. Therefore, the Federal Ministries of Water Resources and Education should endeavour to make EE a compulsory programme in the school curriculum across all levels of education.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"2 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of the water quality monitoring network in a basin with intensive agriculture using artificial intelligence algorithms 利用人工智能算法优化集约农业流域的水质监测网络

Water Supply Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.336

K. Mendivil-García, José Luis Medina, Héctor Rodríguez-Rangel, A. Roé-Sosa, L. Amábilis-Sosa

{"title":"Optimization of the water quality monitoring network in a basin with intensive agriculture using artificial intelligence algorithms","authors":"K. Mendivil-García, José Luis Medina, Héctor Rodríguez-Rangel, A. Roé-Sosa, L. Amábilis-Sosa","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.336","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This research applies artificial intelligence algorithms for optimizing the water quality monitoring network in a representative basin with intensive agricultural and livestock activities. This study used the water quality database provided by the National Water Commission (CONAGUA). Bi-monthly monitoring was registered from 2013 to 2020 for 23 water quality parameters in 23 sampling locations in tributaries and the mainstream river. Therefore, it was necessary to apply principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the data and thus identify the parameters that contribute most to the variation in the water quality. This artificial intelligence algorithm promoted the ease of clustering sampling sites with similar water quality characteristics by reducing the number of variables involved in the database. The reduction highlighted nutrients (TN and TP), parameters related to dissolved organic matter (NH3-N and TOC), and pathogens such as fecal coliforms. The similarity of sampling sites was determined through hierarchical clustering using the Euclidean distance as a measure of dissimilarity and the Ward method as a grouping method. As a result, nine clusters were obtained for the rainy and dry seasons, reducing approximately 50% of the sampling sites and generating an optimized network of 11 sampling sites.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fabrication of porous carbon nanofiber webs from polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate for NaCl removal from water using capacitive deionization 用聚丙烯腈和醋酸纤维素制成多孔碳纳米纤维网，利用电容去离子法去除水中的氯化钠

Water Supply Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.334

Bethwel K. Tarus, Y. Jande, K. Njau

{"title":"Fabrication of porous carbon nanofiber webs from polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate for NaCl removal from water using capacitive deionization","authors":"Bethwel K. Tarus, Y. Jande, K. Njau","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.334","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Capacitive deionization (CDI) has shown potential in addressing freshwater scarcity. CDI's electrode design is a key to better performance as it determines the extent of water purification. For carbon electrodes, the pore structure is an important factor influencing removal kinetics and ion storage. Herein, porous carbon nanofibers with diameters ranging from 277 to 348 nm were fabricated from blends of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and cellulose acetate (CA) through electrospinning and carbonization. Surface area and pore properties were adjusted by varying the proportions of the precursors while ensuring no adverse alteration to the products' tangible properties. Enhanced pore structure and specific surface area were evident in the blend-based carbon nanofibers. The blend ratio of 2:8 (CA:PAN) had a high specific surface area of 925.47 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.7884 cm3/g. Correspondingly, a high specific capacitance of 177.5 F/g was attained. Desalination performance was determined in a batch mode using 500 mg/L NaCl solution. A salt adsorption capacity of 6.57 mg/g and charge efficiency of 0.46 was obtained for the blend that had 20% CA. The carbon nanofibers demonstrated good desalination stability when used repetitively indicating their excellent potential for practical application.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0