Estimation of irrigation water requirements in the Gharb-irrigated perimeter (north-western Morocco)

Climate change has significant implications in semi-arid regions, including the Gharb Plain in North-Western Morocco. The short- or long-term consequences can have serious impacts on the population and the ecosystem, and more particularly on agricultural activities. Addressing the challenges of sustainable food production within the existing agricultural land while minimizing ecological disruption poses a pressing concern. A key aspect in achieving this balance lies in accurately estimating water requirements and maintaining water balance in irrigated agricultural areas, thereby ensuring efficient allocation of water resources while minimizing the ecological footprint in arid and semi-arid regions. This study employs NASA POWER meteorological data, GIS technology, and the Penman–Monteith equation to estimate irrigation water requirements (IWRs) for rice, sugarcane, and citrus crops in the Gharb Plain. Our study shows a significant decrease in IWRs in the Gharb Plain region, due to improved agricultural practices and efficient irrigation techniques. The peak period for crop water needs is between May and September. Sugarcane has the highest water consumption compared to rice and citrus. Climate variables, irrigation efficiency, and changes in cultivation impact water requirements. Our findings aid in estimating irrigation needs for different crops in the Gharb Plain, promoting sustainable water management.