{"title":"Ground water availability assessment for a data-scarce river basin in Nepal using SWAT hydrological model","authors":"Raghu Nath Prajapati, Nurazim Ibrahim, Manish Kumar Goyal, Bhesh Raj Thapa, Koshish Raj Maharjan","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.332","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Mountainous river basins are expected to experience significant seasonal fluctuations in water supply due to climate change. Thus, hydrological modeling becomes further challenging while accounting for data-scarce mountainous basins observing climate change impacts. In this study, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to predict hydrological flow in the Sunkoshi River Basin (SRB) based on daily rainfall and temperature data spanning 36 years. The specific objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to use the SWAT model to simulate the long-term hydrological response, (ii) to generate spatially distributed rainfall–runoff and subbasin-wise water balance components using well-established performance indicators. Calibration and validation at the outlet of the study area were successful, with the values of R2/Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) calculated as 0.91/0.82 for monthly data and 0.79/0.73 for daily data. In the validation phase, the values of R2/NSE were 0.91/0.84 for monthly data and 0.82/0.75 for daily data, respectively. This study predicted the average yearly flow and precipitation at the SRB outlet to be 279 m3/s and 368.25 mm, respectively. Approximately, 30% of water loss was attributed to evapotranspiration, 18% to runoff, and 30% to lateral flow. The findings of this study will contribute to water resource management.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on optimal allocation of flow and head in cascade pumping stations based on Harris hawks optimization","authors":"Xiaopeng Hou, Leike Zhang, Xiaolian Liu, Xueni Wang, Yu Tian, Xianyu Deng, Chen Ye","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.333","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To address the problems of massive energy consumption and low operating efficiency in cascade pumping stations (CPSs), an optimized scheduling model for CPSs with water flow and head constraints was constructed in this study. The Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm was employed to solve this model owing to its excellent performance in the field of engineering majorization. Based on this model, an optimal scheduling method for CPSs was proposed and applied to the three-stage pumping station system. The results demonstrate that the optimization schemes based on the HHO algorithm can improve the operational efficiency and annual cost savings under three different pumping flow conditions by 0.16, 0.55, and 0.56%, reducing the annual operating cost by ¥22,703, ¥74,581, and ¥75,356, respectively, relative to the currently used schemes. These results are better than those obtained by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA). Furthermore, in terms of computational time, the optimization method with the HHO algorithm can show an improvement of 8.94–29.74% compared with those of PSO and GA, verifying the feasibility and efficiency of the HHO algorithm in the optimal scheduling for CPSs. Therefore, the proposed method is effective at solving the scheduling problem of CPSs.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water SupplyPub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.330
Lap Quoc Tran
{"title":"Impact of climate change on irrigation water requirements for coffee plants in the fruit development stage: a case study of Dak Lak and Gia Lai provinces in the Central Highlands of Vietnam","authors":"Lap Quoc Tran","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.330","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research study investigates the impact of climate change on the irrigation water requirements for coffee plants in the fruit development stage in Gia Lai and Dak Lak provinces, Vietnam. Observation data were collected from four meteorological stations, namely, An Khe, Pleiku, Buon Ma Thuot, and Buon Ho. To simulate future scenarios, five CMIP6 models (BBC-CSM2-MR, CanESM5, GFDL-ESM4, MIROC6, and MPI-ESM1.2-HR) were used with the SSP2–4.5 scenario for the years 2030–2049 and 2080–2099. The irrigation water requirements were calculated by the Crop Water Requirement model (CROPWAT) version 8.0. For 2030–2049, the simulation results of BCC-CSM2-MR at An Khe showed the highest increase of approximately 90 mm, while CanESM5 displayed only a 4 mm rise. On the other hand, both MIROC6 and MPI-ESM1.2-HR indicated a slight reduction, ranging from 4 to 10 mm at all stations. For 2080–2099, the BBC-CSM2-MR model at An Khe recorded the highest increase of 100 mm, whereas the GFDL-ESM4 model showed a decline of 90 mm at Buon Ho. Other models showed a fluctuation increase from 40 to 60 mm. This means that climate change has a significant impact on the irrigation water requirements for coffee plants in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water SupplyPub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.331
Bin Hu, Yuxin Wang, Yuan Liu, Li Zheng
{"title":"Visual design of water-based landscape environment based on the sustainable utilization of water resources","authors":"Bin Hu, Yuxin Wang, Yuan Liu, Li Zheng","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.331","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to the accelerated development of population growth and urbanization, water resources are facing increasing pressure. In this context, the sustainable use of water resources has become a top priority. At the same time, the construction of urban green space and public space has also received increasing attention, as they not only enhance the image of the city but also provide services such as leisure and entertainment for people. In this context, how to combine the sustainable use of water resources with the visual design of a water-based landscape environment has become a new research direction. This paper analyzes the visual design of the water-based landscape environment. In terms of whether the water-based environmental visual design can create a different artistic conception for urban green space, 78% of white-collar workers in enterprises, 88% of sanitation workers, and 79% of technicians from different professions thought so. Results showed that in the construction of urban green space, people should pay attention to the interaction between people and the environment to achieve the coordination between people and society, nature, and culture.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":" 82","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water SupplyPub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.335
Ethem Karadirek, Ebru Kaya-Basar, Tugba Akdeniz
{"title":"A study on pipe failure analysis in water distribution systems using logistic regression","authors":"Ethem Karadirek, Ebru Kaya-Basar, Tugba Akdeniz","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.335","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study presents a pipe failure analysis that aims to identify key factors affecting pipe failure in a pilot study area (PSA). For this purpose, pipe failures that occurred in the PSA were recorded for 2 years. Recorded pipe failures were integrated into the existing geographical information systems of the PSA and then visualized. Then, the logistic regression model that calculates failure probability with unbalanced and small- and medium-sized data was performed to analyze pipe failures. Pipe material, age, diameter, burst pressure, and average water pressure are the factors used in the study. The developed model achieved a success rate of 70.1%, suggesting that it can predict a considerable portion of pipe failures with a relatively satisfactory performance. Findings show that the failure probability of pipes with an age greater than 20 years is 1.675 times higher than that of pipes with an age less than 20 years. Moreover, polyvinyl chloride pipes are 5.265 times and high-density polyethylene pipes are 9.027 times more likely to fail than ductile pipes. Further research should delve into the impacts of the number of service connections, pipe lengths, and traffic load on pipe failures.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":" 60","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water SupplyPub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.329
Abdorreza Vaezihir, Tahereh Mohammadzadeh, M. Tabarmayeh
{"title":"Hydrochemical and hydrodynamic studies to explore the origin of water in a volcanic aquifer","authors":"Abdorreza Vaezihir, Tahereh Mohammadzadeh, M. Tabarmayeh","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.329","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to determine the origin of ions and the type of flow system in groundwater flowing out through two types of atmospheric and hydrothermal springs by hydrochemical and hydrodynamic approaches in a volcanic aquifer. The indings revealed that the major ion types in atmospheric waters are calcic and magnesium bicarbonate, whereas hydrothermal springs predominantly have a chloride-sodic composition. It shows an evolving pattern resulting from the mixing of hydrothermal and atmospheric waters. Investigating the ionic ratios and the saturation index helps to determine the origin of ions, which suggests that the presence of ions in the waters can be attributed to the weathering of silicates and plagioclase-bearing minerals in the volcanic units and the ionic exchange in some cases. The results of the recession curve analysis revealed a predominance of conduit flow with α = 0.144 in the system feeding the representative hydrothermal spring. Two micro-regimes with α1 = 0 = 0.46 and α2 = 2.68 were detected on the hydrograph of the atmospheric representative spring, which indicates the development of systems with two types of flow regimes. The Qmax/Qmin ratio for selected hydrothermal and atmospheric springs was 2.3 and 36.8, respectively, and the calculation of the electrical conductivity coefficient confirmed the result of rescission curve analysis, with values of 11% for hydrothermal springs and 18% for atmospheric springs, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water SupplyPub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.317
Lihong Meng, Youcun Liu, Weijing Ma, Ziyu Tan, Tao Yu, Xinxia Lu, Zhiwei Wan
{"title":"Spatiotemporal variations and spillover effects of regional water resources metabolism efficiency with heterogeneous resource endowments","authors":"Lihong Meng, Youcun Liu, Weijing Ma, Ziyu Tan, Tao Yu, Xinxia Lu, Zhiwei Wan","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.317","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Scientific evaluation of water resources metabolism efficiency (WME) has essential theoretical and practical value for regional water resources security and sustainable utilization. Based on the framework of the water resources metabolism process and construction of the indicator system of WME, the spatiotemporal variations of WME were analyzed using the weighted summation method in the Eastern, Central, and Western regions of China during the period from 1990 to 2020 with heterogeneous resource endowments. The exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and spatial Durbin model were applied to analyze the spatial autocorrelation patterns and reveal spillovers of the WME. The results show that (1) The WME increased at different speeds in the Eastern, Central, and Western regions from 1990 to 2020 with heterogeneous resource endowment, and the spatial variation of WME in the Eastern and Central regions was significantly higher than in the Western regions. (2) The WME had significant spatial autocorrelation except in 2015, indicating obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics and spatial heterogeneity simultaneously. (3) The spatial spillover effects analysis indicated that the waste virtual recycling use ratio, the ratio of output virtual water and input virtual water, and industrial water ratio were the primary factors influencing WME.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138964999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water SupplyPub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.328
Aída Álvarez Díez, Rocío Pena Rois, Iulian Mocanu, Claudia Orzan, Cristian Brebenel, Jiru Stere, Santiago Muíños Landín, Juan Manuel Fernández Montenegro
{"title":"Reinforcement learning-based DSS for coagulant and disinfectant dosage selection on drinking water treatment plants","authors":"Aída Álvarez Díez, Rocío Pena Rois, Iulian Mocanu, Claudia Orzan, Cristian Brebenel, Jiru Stere, Santiago Muíños Landín, Juan Manuel Fernández Montenegro","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.328","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Treatments to be applied for water purification must be dynamically adaptable to raw water conditions. Currently, treatments are applied based on standards that are not optimized for the circumstances of each drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), nor for critical events. This paper presents a methodology for the creation of an artificial intelligence (AI) DSS (decision support system), encompassing the principal steps of the drinking water treatment processes (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection), based on reinforcement learning techniques, that provide suggestions about the most efficient treatments (coagulant and chlorine dosages) for various raw water conditions, including critical events such as heavy rain and saline intrusions. Together with the model, a retraining strategy is included; so the DSS adapts itself to the specific circumstances of each different DWTP. The model has been developed and validated in a DWTP replica. Furthermore, the model has been provided to a real DWTP to obtain feedback from experienced staff. The results and evaluation of the model are promising as a first approach to a DSS for drinking water treatment suggestions, although future versions might require more water quality parameters to characterize raw water.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water SupplyPub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.325
N. D. L. Nikawela, A. M. N. S. Aththanayake, B. K. A. Bellanthudawa, S. Wijetunga
{"title":"Integrating water quality monitoring and ecological assessment for wetland classification and risk evaluation in the Kirala Kele Wetland, Sri Lanka","authors":"N. D. L. Nikawela, A. M. N. S. Aththanayake, B. K. A. Bellanthudawa, S. Wijetunga","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.325","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We conducted the present study to assess the spatial and temporal variations of selected physicochemical water quality parameters, to quantify the level of ecological risks of disturbances occurring, and to understand the relationship between the selected disturbances observed and physicochemical parameters of surface water of sampling sites of the Kirala Kele wetland. We selected sampling sites to reflect different land uses in the Kirala Kele wetland using purposive sampling and collected triplicated surface water samples to assess quality of water. The sampling sites of wetland characterization and risk assessment were followed using the protocol by Escom. We found that there was a significant temporal variation of pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen content among sampling sites (p > 0.05, One-Way ANOVA), however, spatial variation of electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen was significantly higher in site 9, site 10, and site 11, respectively (p > 0.05, One-Way ANOVA). Site 2, site 5, site 10, and site 11 showed a category B level in wetland characterization and risk assessment highlighting the few levels of modifications and largely natural status of sites. The study demonstrates the applicability of this model for rapid assessment of wetland characteristics and risks to sustainably conserve and manage wetlands.","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water SupplyPub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.2166/ws.2023.324
Ana Urkiaga Guineao, Jonatan García, Julen Cabero, Santos Paunero, Mikel Bartolomé, L. M. Hernando, Patricia Maeso, Vanesa Benito
{"title":"Adsorption and desorption processes of trihalomethanes on different granulated activated carbons in a full-scale advanced water treatment plant","authors":"Ana Urkiaga Guineao, Jonatan García, Julen Cabero, Santos Paunero, Mikel Bartolomé, L. M. Hernando, Patricia Maeso, Vanesa Benito","doi":"10.2166/ws.2023.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2023.324","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Trihalomethanes (THMs) are one of the main disinfection by-products generated in drinking water (DW). To control health risks caused by THMs several countries have established a maximum content of these chemicals in DW. THMs can be removed by activated carbon (AC) and their adsorption processes have been studied by different authors. However, there are few studies on their desorption from AC and no data are available on their desorption at a real scale. This paper summarises the results obtained in the monitoring of the adsorption and desorption processes of THMs at a full-scale DW plant considering different types and stages of ACs, as well as several types of influent waters. This research has been carried out during 3 years in a full-scale advanced DW plant (6.25 m3·h−1) that can use four different pre-oxidants. An increase on THMs concentration in the outlet of the AC filter due to desorption processes has been verified, although their doses have always been far below the established European limit (100 μg/L).","PeriodicalId":23725,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}