Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii最新文献

{"title":"Photocatalytic destruction of the products and waste of chemical and pharmaceutical industries","authors":"T. Khalyavka, A. Lysenko, V. Tarasov, O. Zakharova, N. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-152-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-152-158","url":null,"abstract":"The photocatalytic method was proposed for the destruction of expired medicinal products and medical waste. The use of this method was investigated towards the reaction of photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic rifampicinum in water solutions. Unmodified mesoporous anatase and rutile and modified with C3N4 were used as photocatalysts. All powders were synthesized by thermal hydrolysis of TiCl4 solutions. The modified anatase and rutile were produced by calcination with various amounts of melamine in the inert atmosphere. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis were used to characterize the powders. It was established that only 19.8% of rifampicinum was destroyed under UV irradiation during 90 min. The percentage of degradation increases by 2.5 times in the presence of unmodified anatase and rutile and by 3.5 and 4 times in the presence of the modified samples, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73112332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleophilic epoxide ring opening in the system \"epichlorohydrin–carboxylic acids–tetrabutylammonium iodide–solvent (e=15.1–28.7)\"","authors":"K. Yutilova, E. Bakhalova, E. Shved, А.V. Kravchuk, L. S. Lisova","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-4-159-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-4-159-167","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of the oxirane ring opening by carboxylic acids with different volume of substituents in the system \"epichlorohydrin(ЕCH)–RCOOH–tetrabutylammonium iodide–solvent (=15.1–28.7)\" was studied in the excess of ECH at the temperatures of 40–800C by methods of chemical kinetics and correlation analysis. The effects of solvent polarity (ECH and its mixtures with THF and nitrobenzene), temperature, and spatial structure (topological steric effect index TSEI) of carboxylic acids on the proceeding of the reaction were investigated. The structure of the reaction products was determined by gas chromatography–mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the reaction accelerates with a decrease in the solvent polarity, an increase in temperature and steric effect in the structure of the reagent. It was shown that the tetraalkylammonium carboxylate (R'4N+–OOCR) which formed in situ causes the final product formation in the rate-determining step of the reaction mechanism.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"509 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76400913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of heat treatment of starch on its crystal structure and dynamic viscosity of starch pastes","authors":"V. Myrhorodska-Terentieva, M. Nikolenko, K.O. Bukhal, T.M. Avdiienko","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-108-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-108-116","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of literature data shows the uncertainty of a number of issues of the starch dextrinization process, namely the patterns of the change in the crystal structure of starch during heat treatment and the dependence of the viscosity of starch pastes of dextrins on the conditions of starch heat treatment. These questions were chosen as the topic of this study. A decrease in the average size of starch particles by 2.7 m and an increase in the intensity of reflexes of diffractograms in the range of 2=10–200 after its heat treatment at 1350C (the temperature at which the dextrinization process starts) are well explained by dehydration and a change in the degree of crystallization of biopolymer macromolecules due to their thermal transformations. The dependence of the dynamic viscosity of hot pastes on their shear rate was studied. The steady shear flow curves showed the presence of dilatant areas as a transition from the Newtonian flow regime to the pseudoplastic flow of starch pastes. It was found that the viscosities of heat-treated starch pastes depend on the processing conditions; the viscosities increase in the following order: starch heat-treated in the presence of an acid catalyst; native starch; starch heat-treated without a catalyst for 5 hours; and starch heat-treated without a catalyst for 2.5 hours. It was proposed to divide dextrins into two separate groups: with an increased and with a reduced degree of amylose polymerization.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81076815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleophilic epoxide ring opening in the system \"epichlorohydrin–carboxylic acids–tetrabutylammonium iodide–solvent (e=15.1–28.7)\"","authors":"K.S. Yutilova, E.A. Bakhalova, E.N. Shved, А.V. Kravchuk, L.S. Lisova","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-159-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-159-167","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of the oxirane ring opening by carboxylic acids with different volume of substituents in the system \"epichlorohydrin(ЕCH)–RCOOH–tetrabutylammonium iodide–solvent (=15.1–28.7)\" was studied in the excess of ECH at the temperatures of 40–800C by methods of chemical kinetics and correlation analysis. The effects of solvent polarity (ECH and its mixtures with THF and nitrobenzene), temperature, and spatial structure (topological steric effect index TSEI) of carboxylic acids on the proceeding of the reaction were investigated. The structure of the reaction products was determined by gas chromatography–mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the reaction accelerates with a decrease in the solvent polarity, an increase in temperature and steric effect in the structure of the reagent. It was shown that the tetraalkylammonium carboxylate (R'4N+–OOCR) which formed in situ causes the final product formation in the rate-determining step of the reaction mechanism.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135337128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the composition and study of the extraction of iron compounds from organochlorine wastes of vinyl chloride production","authors":"O. Matskiv, Z. Znak, V. Vasiychuk, O. Nagursky, O. Kurylets","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-99-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-147-2-99-107","url":null,"abstract":"Sources of organochlorine waste (OCW) generation in the production of vinyl chloride, their toxicity and impact on the environment were analyzed. A comparative analysis of methods of waste disposal was performed. It was established that the method of thermal decontamination has gained the widest application. Methods of identification of organochlorine compounds and methods of separation and concentration of substances were considered. It was determined that one of the effective methods of their extraction is liquid extraction using oxalic and hydrochloric acids as extractants. As a result of the analysis of the composition of insoluble compounds in the cubic residues of the vinyl chloride rectification stage before submitting them to incineration, the presence of two following compounds was established: Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 with a predominant content of the Fe3O4 phase. The rational conditions for the extraction of iron compounds from OCW have been established: the type of extractant (chloric acid), the ratio of OCW:extractant; number of extraction cycles, and temperature. The rational concentration of hydrochloric acid as an extractant is 1%. Reduction of the content of iron compounds in OCW will contribute to increasing the operational life of the incineration plant from 20 days to three or more months.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79963182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of the process of starch nitration with nitric acid","authors":"V. Lukashov, S. Tishchenko, V. Sereda, A. Artyukhov","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-66-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-66-72","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the experimental study on the starch nitration process with aqueous solutions of nitric acid. This nitrating medium has a number of advantages over the nitric and sulfuric acids mixture commonly used in industry, in particular it concerns the chemical stability of resulting starch nitrate. The aim of this work is to establish the dependence of nitration degree of starch on the nitration process parameters, taking into account changes in the chemical composition of its macromolecules. The experimental research method involved the use of ferrous sulfate method to determine the nitration degree of starch and IR-Fourier spectroscopy to analyze the macromolecules chemical composition. The parameters of the nitration process were changed in the following ranges: the mass fraction of water in acid solution of 0 to 35%, the temperature of 3.4 to 800С, the nitration module, as the ratio of the mass of the acid solution to the mass of potato starch of 1 to 40, and the nitration time of 1 to 180 min or 24 h. Based on the experimental results, it was found that the maximum degree of starch nitration is achieved with a water mass fraction in the nitrating solution of about 2%; a further increase in its content leads to a decrease in the starch nitration degree. The increase in the starch nitration degree to the maximum value in this case indicates the nucleophilic mechanism of starch nitration. It is shown that the temperature has a weak effect on the starch nitration degree, and nitrates of oxidized starch are formed under the conditions of high temperature. Increasing the nitration modulus leads to an increase in the starch nitration degree. The effect of nitration time on the starch nitration degree is related to the starch property to dissolve in nitric acid. The initial stage of starch nitration process proceeds at a high rate, which is a consequence of the acid intense penetration into the starch amorphous regions and their dissolution. In the following stages, the nitration process is slowed down due to the acid diffusion into the starch crystalline regions. If nitration is continued, a practically stable value of the nitration degree is achieved in the resulting starch nitrate. The obtained results allow choosing rational conditions for preparation of starch nitrate, which is a powerful explosive.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77919700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of new substituted pyridines via Vilsmeier-Haack reagent","authors":"N. Smetanin, S. Varenichenko, A. V. Kharchenko, O. Farat, V. Markov","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-34-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-34-39","url":null,"abstract":"New substituted pyridines were synthesized by the reaction of spiroimidazolidinones with the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent (PBr3/DMF) with satisfactory yields. The reaction proceeds as an electrophilic trigger process according to the push-pull mechanism due to the anomeric effect of two nitrogen atoms with an increase in the primary heterocycle. An explanation is proposed for the different chemical behavior of 5',6',7',8'-tetrahydro-1'H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-quinazolin]-4'(3'H)-one and spiroimidazolidinones under Vilsmeier-Haack reaction conditions. The likely reason is the hybridization of the amine (enamine) nitrogen atom in the structure of heterocycles. The reaction of spiroimidazolidinones with the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent results in formylation of the ammine nitrogen atom with subsequent reaction steps; and in the case of 5',6',7',8'-tetrahydro-1'H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-quinazolin]-4'(3'H)-one, the reaction results in formylation of carbon atom followed by heterocycle opening and its intramolecular cyclization. The synthesized new pyridine derivatives, due to the presence of several reaction centers in them, are of interest not only as potential pharmacologically active compounds, but also as low-molecular building blocks for organic synthesis.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82709210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and properties of oligodiuretane diisocyanates and oligotetraurethanes based on a mixture (2.4÷2.6) of toluene diisocyanate","authors":"M. Kuzmenko, E.O. E.O. Sporyagin, O. Kuzmenko, T.G. Filinska, K. V. Ivanova, A.Ya. Puzenko","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-56-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-56-65","url":null,"abstract":"By the reaction of a mixture of isomers (2.4-2.6) of toluene diisocyanate with aliphatic, individual or oligomeric diols (such as polyoxypropylene glycols of different molecular weight) in cyclohexanone, oligodiurethane diisocyanates with the diol component of different nature and length in their structure are synthesized in the first stage. In the second stage, the synthesized oligodiurethane diisocyanates were blocked by monofunctional aliphatic alcohols of normal structure with different lengths of fatty radical. The structure of the latter is confirmed by the absence of absorption bands characteristic of free –NCO groups in the IR spectra. Both series of isolated oligodiureta diisocyanates and oligotetraurethanes are characterized by refractive index and Ubellode drop temperature, molecular weights, content of free –NCO groups, and IR spectra. They are well soluble in esters, ethers, chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, and aprotic solvents; they are poorly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons. The presence in the structure of such compounds of polar urethane groups simultaneously with relatively high molecular weight suggests that they will be useful not only as plasticizers, but also as modifiers of the properties of polymers and composite materials.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89576240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the possibility of using regenerating oil and fat industry waste in elastomeric compound","authors":"L. Sokolova, I. Sukha, O. Panfilova, V. Ovcharov, V. Tyshchenko","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-89-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-89-99","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports the way of regenerating the oil and fat industry waste by using in elastomeric composition based on polydiene. Chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties of oil- and wax-containing fraction as a secondary raw material of sunflower oil production were determined using modern instrumental methods. The complex of technological, vulcanization, physical, mechanical, and other properties of filled and non-filled model elastomeric composition based on butadiene--methylstyrene rubber with 1.5 phr of oil- and wax-containing fraction was studied. The feasibility of using the studied bio-additives in filled elastomeric compositions with provides a high level of their properties and widens the range of ecologically safe ingredients from renewable plant raw material.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79631917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of amylose leaching from native and heat-treated starches in hot excess water","authors":"V. Myrhorodska-Terentieva, M. Nikolenko, I. L. Kovalenko, T.M. Avdienko","doi":"10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-73-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-73-81","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine the optimizing parameters of the process of hydrothermal leaching of amylose, kinetic studies were carried out under isothermal conditions. Native (potato and corn) and heat-treated starches were used in the experiments. The obtained kinetic data are described by the Kruger-Ziegler equation. It is shown that in the temperature range of 60–700C, the apparent activation energy is 193 kJ mol–1 and 43–83 kJ mol–1 for native and heat-treated starches, respectively. With a further increase in the temperature, the activation energy decreases to 22 kJ mol–1 and 13–14 kJ mol–1 for native and modified starches, respectively. It is proposed to consider amylose leaching as a heterogeneous pseudochemical process, in which the process of breaking numerous hydrogen bonds between amylose macromolecules acts as a chemical reaction. From this point of view, the change in activation energy with increasing temperature is explained by the transition of the leaching process from the kinetic to the diffusion mode. Changes in the activation energies of modified starches are explained by a decrease in the number of hydrogen bonds between amylose macromolecules due to a decrease in their degree of linearity and size during thermal conversion. Changes in the structure of starch during their heating were investigated by the DTA method. The values of the apparent activation energy for two stages were determined as follows: 44 kJ mol–1 and ~26 kJ mol–1 for molecular dehydration and intermolecular dehydration of native starch, respectively, which indicates that both processes occur in the kinetic mode. Considering amylose leaching as a heterogeneous pseudochemical process shows that the main optimizing factors are temperature and starch pre-milling.","PeriodicalId":23684,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89726575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}