Waste Management & Research最新文献

{"title":"Influence of material-material interactions and wear on coarse waste shredders.","authors":"Tatjana Lasch, Karim Khodier, Christoph Feyerer, Markus Lehner, Renato Sarc","doi":"10.1177/0734242X241306602","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X241306602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article uses model materials to introduce a controlled, location- and manufacturer-independent internationally accepted method for assessing shredding machines based on large-scale tests. Furthermore, a better understanding of the comminution behaviour of shredders with fixed settings (gap width, shaft speed, cutting tool geometry) is in the focus of the present investigation and assessed, using the statistical analyses for particle size distribution in certain screen sections. Conclusions have been drawn on the comminution behaviour in general and the material-material interactions of different fractions in the grinding chamber of the shredder by showing significant differences in the pure fraction's comminution behaviour against the mixture's comminution behaviour. In addition, the effect of the wear condition of the cutting tools on the particle size distribution has been investigated using statistical tests. As a result, interactions of the materials in the shredder grinding chamber can be demonstrated. The null hypothesis of the statistical test can be rejected due to the <i>p</i>-values, which are around 0.01 and therefore less than the predetermined alpha, which is 0.05, meaning that the shredding behaviour of pure fractions and those in a mixture is different. Additional investigations of waste wood only have shown that the wear condition of the cutting tools does not exhibit any effect on the particle size distribution of waste wood, as seen in the <i>p</i>-value (0.29), which is higher than the used alpha value. This could mean that the cutting tools need to be changed less frequently, which could have a positive effect on plant operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1234-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of type and quantities of food and beverage plastic packaging: A case study.","authors":"Goran Bošković, Nemanja Stanisavljević, Bojan Batinić, Srđan Kovačević, Nebojša Jovičić, Angelina Cvetanović","doi":"10.1177/0734242X241302450","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X241302450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastic pollution has been identified as one of the most pressing environmental issues of the 21st century, driven by excessive consumption and inadequate plastic waste management. This issue is particularly reflected in short lifespan of plastic products, particularly plastic packaging within the food and beverage (F&B) industry. Urgent and relevant policy actions are needed to promote plastic circularity and improve waste management practices. Developing countries such as Montenegro face significant challenges in managing plastic waste flows due to legal, institutional and infrastructural gaps. This research addresses these challenges by employing material flow analysis (MFA) and advanced techniques like artificial neural networks to estimate the quantities and types of plastic packaging used in the F&B sector in Montenegro. The findings reveal that over 21,300 tonnes of F&B plastic packaging were placed on the market in Montenegro in 2018. Approximately 11% of this amount ends up directly littered in the environment or dumpsites, whereas the remaining 89% is predominantly collected and deposited in controlled landfills. Detailed MFA models were developed separately for the eight most common polymer types used in the F&B sector, along with specific models for plastic bags and polyethene terephthalate bottles to explore closed-loop recycling systems. It was found that only a small fraction of all analysed types of plastic packaging placed on the market can be effectively treated and recycled. This research contributes to the understanding of plastic waste management in Montenegro and facilitates the formulation of effective strategies to mitigate plastic pollution in the F&B industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1286-1300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of regulatory policy instruments on plastic waste generation in India: A system dynamics approach.","authors":"Nishith Jardosh, Vinish Kathuria","doi":"10.1177/0734242X241304342","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X241304342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring plastic consumption in emerging economies such as India is crucial because in these countries more than half of the consumption gets converted into waste within a year. In 2022, the Government of India enforced the Plastic Waste Management Rules to manage plastic waste. This article aims to find the potential impact of these rules on plastic waste generation from now until 2050. The simulation is carried out in two steps. In step one, a material flow analysis is conducted that maps plastic flow from production to its end-of-life. Through this it is estimated that at an optimistic level, off the 20 million metric tonnes (Mt) of plastic consumed, around 10 Mt is added to stock, 4.5 Mt is recycled, 2.5 Mt is reutilized and the balance 3 Mt is mismanaged. In step two, through system dynamics model, the impact of policy instruments is estimated on each stage of the flow of plastic assuming a phased implementation. Through this model, it is found that annually mismanaged plastic waste increases 11 to 28 Mt in 2050 in a business-as-usual scenario; however, implementing all the policies in a phased manner would stabilize waste generation from 2040 onwards.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1268-1285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart waste management and air pollution forecasting: Harnessing Internet of things and fully Elman neural network.","authors":"Bhagyashree Madan, Sruthi Nair, Nikita Katariya, Ankita Mehta, Purva Gogte","doi":"10.1177/0734242X241313286","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X241313286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the Internet of things (IoT) continues to transform modern technologies, innovative applications in waste management and air pollution monitoring are becoming critical for sustainable development. In this manuscript, a novel smart waste management (SWM) and air pollution forecasting (APF) system is proposed by leveraging IoT sensors and the fully Elman neural network (FENN) model, termed as SWM-APF-IoT-FENN. The system integrates real-time data from waste and air quality sensors including weight, trash level, odour and carbon monoxide (CO) that are collected from smart bins connected to a Google Cloud Server. Here, the MaxAbsScaler is employed for data normalization, ensuring consistent feature representation. Subsequently, the atmospheric contaminants surrounding the waste receptacles were observed using a FENN model. This model is utilized to predict the atmospheric concentration of CO and categorize the bin status as filled, half-filled and unfilled. Moreover, the weight parameter of the FENN model is tuned using the secretary bird optimization algorithm for better prediction results. The implementation of the proposed methodology is done in Python tool, and the performance metrics are analysed. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in performance, achieving 15.65%, 18.45% and 21.09% higher accuracy, 18.14%, 20.14% and 24.01% higher F-Measure, 23.64%, 24.29% and 29.34% higher False Acceptance Rate (FAR), 25.00%, 27.09% and 31.74% higher precision, 20.64%, 22.45% and 28.64% higher sensitivity, 26.04%, 28.65% and 32.74% higher specificity, 9.45%, 7.38% and 4.05% reduced computational time than the conventional approaches such as Elman neural network, recurrent artificial neural network and long short-term memory with gated recurrent unit, respectively. Thus, the proposed method offers a streamlined, efficient framework for real-time waste management and pollution forecasting, addressing critical environmental challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1193-1205"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of bulk inorganic constituents and trace pollutant concentration in leachates by landfill type.","authors":"Dreyton Lott, Roya P Darioosh, Kate Weiksnar, Steven Laux, Timothy G Townsend","doi":"10.1177/0734242X251322146","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X251322146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Landfill leachate characteristics vary depending on the type of waste facilities accept, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), construction and demolition debris (CDD) and MSW incineration (MSWI) ash. Optimizing disposal and treatment practices requires a thorough understanding of the behaviour of leachates from different classifications of refuse. This study provides a critical analysis of variation in leachate quality among over 80 sites based on landfill category: MSW, bulky debris, MSWI ash and MSW-MSWI ash co-disposal. Alkalinity was highest in leachates from facilities accepting MSW (average 2,810 mg L^-1), and the average pH from sites disposing of only ash (7.04) was lower than anticipated. As expected, all leachates were observed to have much greater concentrations of chemical oxygen demand compared to biochemical oxygen demand and require advanced secondary treatment to remove this recalcitrant organic matter. Unsurprisingly, leachates from facilities accepting only ash had elevated concentrations of salts (32,400 mg L^-1 TDS), and those from MSW disposing sites reported high ammonia-nitrogen (381 mg L^-1); co-disposal of MSW with ash resulted in elevated concentrations of both TDS and ammonia-nitrogen (19,400 mg L^-1 TDS, 543 mg L^-1 NH₃-N). Metal concentrations among all leachate types were similar, though arsenic was elevated in landfills accepting only CDD. Trace organic chemicals like benzene were much higher in leachates from sites disposing of unburned residuals compared to those only accepting ash. Variation among landfill types were attributed to leachate flow characteristics, pH, degradation, waste composition and other biogeochemical interactions. The results demonstrate co-disposal practices can potentially require more leachate treatment than separate disposal scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1321-1331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of plastic recycling: technology, environmental impact and economic evaluation.","authors":"Xiaoli Jiang, Buhe Bateer","doi":"10.1177/0734242X241310658","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X241310658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this systematic review, advancements in plastic recycling technologies, including mechanical, thermolysis, chemical and biological methods, are examined. Comparisons among recycling technologies have identified current research trends, including a focus on pretreatment technologies for waste materials and the development of new organic chemistry or biological techniques that enable recycling with minimal energy consumption. Existing environmental and economic studies are also compared. The findings highlight differences in the environmental characteristics of various recycling methods, including their ability to recover plastic resins, carbon footprint, electricity consumption and gas emissions. The comparisons also reveal the challenges associated with these methods: mechanical recycling often encounters economic barriers due to contamination and inefficiencies in sorting and cleaning processes; thermolysis is constrained by high energy demands and operational costs, whereas chemical and biological recycling faces limitations related to scalability and material costs. Additionally, current challenges, emerging research areas and future directions in plastic recycling are discussed. For example, the role of innovative techniques, such as artificial intelligence, in refining recycling processes is emphasized. The importance of incorporating circular economy principles in the integrated sustainable analysis of recycling processes is also highlighted. The innovative contribution of this review is to address both technological developments and their environmental and economic implications. The focus is placed on literature from the past 10 years to ensure coverage of the most recent advancements. Overall, the insights of this review article aim to guide researchers, policymakers and industry stakeholders in improving sustainable management practices for plastic waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1159-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An application of solvent and thermal treatment to recover materials from photovoltaic module encapsulated with polyolefin elastomer.","authors":"Aistis Rapolas Zubas, Inna Pitak, Gintaras Denafas, Egidijus Griškonis, Jolita Kruopienė","doi":"10.1177/0734242X241305092","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X241305092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-quality recycling of photovoltaic (PV) modules starts with a delamination process. It aims to remove the encapsulation layer between glass and solar cells. Many studies have investigated the delamination of ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulant, whereas the delamination of polyolefin elastomer (POE) encapsulation in solar modules remains a research gap. This study presents methods of solvent and thermal treatment for the separation of layers in a PV module encapsulated with POE polymer. Various organic compounds were tested for the solvent treatment. The results showed that most of the solvents did not separate the materials. However, with some of them, polymer swelling was achieved. Glycerol was the only solvent capable of separating glass from multi-material laminate. The separated glass does not include contaminants and is therefore suitable for the use as a secondary material. However, the solar cells remained encapsulated in the polymer, thus additional processing is needed to remove it. The time and solvent temperature for glycerol treatment were measured. The thermal treatment was conducted based on the results of thermogravimetric analyses, which determined the degradation of POE under heating conditions. Thermal treatment at 500°C for 1 hour in an air atmosphere was found to be the effective way to detach PV layers. Glass, solar cells and metal ribbons were separated without polymer contamination and are therefore suitable for further use.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1260-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological compensation for cross-regional domestic waste treatment: A stochastic differential game perspective.","authors":"Mengdi Li, Chuanfeng Han, Lingpeng Meng, Zhiguo Shao, Pihui Liu","doi":"10.1177/0734242X241299099","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X241299099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The implementation of ecological compensation for cross-regional domestic waste treatment is beneficial for balancing the interests of waste generation districts and waste treatment districts. This paper introduces dynamic differential games to capture the temporal evolution and adjustment of strategies, examining dynamic game strategies under different compensation scenarios (non-horizontal ecological compensation, horizontal ecological compensation and fully shared ecological compensation). A new interest distribution model is proposed, with empirical analysis conducted using Shanghai as a case study to validate the reliability and feasibility of the model. The findings indicate: (1) Government intervention combined with horizontal ecological compensation significantly improves waste management efficiency and urban welfare. The compensation mechanism fosters regional cooperation, optimizes resource allocation, reduces decision-making conflicts and enhances overall processing effectiveness. (2) Without a compensation mechanism, high costs in export regions and low benefits in import regions result in low cooperation willingness. The ecological compensation mechanism enhances willingness to cooperate by fairly distributing costs and benefits, optimizing long-term cooperation and overall gains. (3) Complete shared ecological compensation is optimal, though partial shared mechanisms are also effective in practice. Proper interest and ecological compensation ratios can significantly improve waste management efficiency and urban environment, strengthening long-term cooperation. The study theoretically expands the dynamic optimization and cooperation mechanism analysis in waste management, provides solutions for environmental policy formulation in cross-regional waste handling and offers new perspectives and tools for addressing complex issues in cross-regional environmental governance, including targeted policy recommendations with practical significance for enhancing cross-regional waste management.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1301-1320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realization of quasi-steady-state piled smouldering using sequential operation chambers for industrial treatment of biomass wastes.","authors":"Wentao Zhao, Guangxin Yu, Ehsan Elahi, Junmeng Cai, Frank Behrendt, Thomas Schliermann, Fang He","doi":"10.1177/0734242X241290766","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X241290766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Piled smouldering has great potential for treatment and utilization of biomass wastes. However, its unsteady-state nature limits its industrial utilization, as well as treatment of smoke. This article addresses this issue by proposing the sequential operation of numerous smouldering chambers to realize steady- or quasi-steady-state piled smouldering. The superposition characteristics of sequential unsteady-state curves were analysed theoretically, and a code was developed to determine an appropriate number of piled chambers at an allowance oscillation percentage. Smouldering experiments were performed on a single mini chamber (length × width × height: 340 × 140 × 140 mm³) containing piled wood pellets mixed with wood powder. The superposition of sequential burning rate curves was demonstrated using the code based on the mass loss data of experiments. Analysis shows that the perfect-steady state is possible given the superposition value of the burning rate curve is a constant in this proposed system. Experiments show that the molar ratio of CO/CO₂ in smoke is almost a constant around 0.5 during densely piled smouldering, showing the great potential for self-sustained burning out the smoke. Based on the experimental results, the calculation results show that the relative oscillation range of burning rate (OSC) decreases from 75% to 3% while increasing the number of chambers from 2 to 7. This work provides a novel technology to enable quasi-steady-state smouldering for industrial utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1023-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142628782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid waste management in Ugandan developing cities: Material flow analysis and sustainable practices for reducing the global warming potential.","authors":"Pietro Castellani, Navarro Ferronato, Jacopo Barbieri, Emmanuel Menya, Marco Carnevale Miino, Vincenzo Torretta","doi":"10.1177/0734242X241291940","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0734242X241291940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of appropriate solid waste management (SWM) strategies can foster the mitigation of waste open dumping and burning in low-income developing cities. In this work, the SWM system in Gulu (Uganda) has been studied, and a material flow analysis, also of informal flows of waste, has been carried out. Moreover, the effectiveness of the SWM system of St. Mary's Lacor Hospital in Gulu was evaluated. Waste has been characterized and a material flow analysis allowed to highlight the difference with the current situation in the remaining part of Gulu. The sustainable practices already implemented in the hospital compound were studied to be replicated in Gulu to mitigate SWM impact in terms of global warming potential. Inadequate financial resources pose a hurdle for Gulu municipality in managing municipal solid waste (MSW) effectively. The SWM system of the hospital demonstrated both financial and managerial competence, paving the way to promote waste recycling actions acting as a hub for fostering sustainable and health-conscious valourization technologies, while discouraging waste open burning and dumping. This study estimated that the total CO₂-eq emissions from open dumping and open burning avoided in 2030-2050, if Gulu would appropriately dispose of MSW by 2030, are equal to about 17,000 metric tonnes per year (t year^-1). This work suggests appropriate strategies to mitigate waste open burning in low-middle income countries. The results can be helpful for waste management planners and practitioners providing important information for the use of appropriate technologies in low-middle income developing cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23671,"journal":{"name":"Waste Management & Research","volume":" ","pages":"1099-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}