Veterinary Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Improvement in short-term outcome over time, in a single center embarking on a canine mitral valve repair program using a structured multidisciplinary approach.","authors":"Daniel J Brockman, Thomas D Greensmith, Matteo Rossanese, Alison Young, Sarah L Carey, Adrian Boswood, Thaleia-Rengina Stathopoulou, Carolina Palacios Jimenez, Nigel Cross","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14229","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vsu.14229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a structured approach to the development of a mitral valve repair (MVR) program for dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to document the change in short term outcome over time.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Clinical prospective study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Dogs (n = 132) with MMVD undergoing MVR at a single hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a carefully structured multidisciplinary approach to patient selection, surgical treatment, and postoperative care that incorporated both \"reflective\" and \"deliberate\" practice, we embarked on an MVR program alongside our pre-existing open heart surgery program. Data were gathered for the first 132 dogs undergoing MVR in this program (between July 2015 and November 2022). Short-term survival was defined as dogs that were discharged from the hospital. The dogs were divided into four groups of equal size based on chronological order and the data within each group compared using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The breeds most represented were Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) and Chihuahuas. The MMVD was categorized clinically as stage D in 36/132 (27%), stage C in 88/132 (67%) and stage B2 in 8/132 (6%) of affected dogs. Overall, 107/132 (81%) of the dogs survived to discharge. A consistent trend of improved short-term outcome was observed, with survival rate of 22/33 in the first quartile, 27/33 in the second quartile, 28/33 in the third quartile, and 30/33 dogs in the fourth quartile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A structured organized approach by a team of consistent personnel resulted in an improvement in outcome over time. This improvement most likely reflected improvement in both technical and non-technical skills within this complex sociotechnical environment.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>What constitutes an acceptable performance for MVR in the dog has not been defined so the number of cases that constitute the \"learning curve\" during program development and the number of cases required in the \"skills maintenance\" phase remain unknown. The data reported here, however, describe the level of organizational commitment and the case throughput required to begin the process of establishing a successful MVR program and as such, should be useful to any team considering this therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"675-685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadaveric evaluation of bronchial blockade using the Coda vascular catheter placed under Borescope guidance.","authors":"Adrien Aertsens, Megan Macrae, Jean-Sebastien Palerme","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility of achieving bronchial blockade using a vascular balloon catheter under low-cost semi-flexible borescope guidance in dogs.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cadaveric pilot study.</p><p><strong>Sample population: </strong>Canine cadavers (n = 7) weighing between 12.2 and 63 kg.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two participants attempted four different techniques to achieve bronchus blockade using a 10 Fr Coda catheter or an EZ-blocker (EZ) under borescopic (B) or endoscopic (E) guidance. Placement success was confirmed via thoracoscopy. Success rate, procedure duration, and reasons of failure were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>B-Coda catheter placement was possible on dogs intubated with a minimum 8.5 mm size endotracheal tube (ETT). E-EZ was unsuccessful with an 8.5 ETT and below and on some dogs bigger than 30 kg. Excluding the failures due to size limitations of the devices, success rate during first attempt for the left side was 50% for B-EZ and 75% for all other techniques. Right-sided success was 50% for B-EZ, 33% for B-Coda, 66% for E-EZ and 62% for E-Coda. Malpositioning of the devices occurred twice as commonly under borescopic guidance. The techniques were all successful after up to two additional attempts. Time to achieve blockade was faster using endoscopic guidance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The catheter allowed bronchial occlusion in larger canine cadavers. The borescope allowed guidance without the size limitation of the endoscope.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The Coda catheter had no size limitation in comparison to the EZ blocker and could be analternative to it. A sterilized borescope may be an option when bronchoscope size is inappropriate for a patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standing repair of short frontal plane fractures involving the dorsoproximal articular surface of the proximal phalanx in six Thoroughbred racehorses.","authors":"Anna Drahonovska, Bruce M Bladon, Henry D O'Neill","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a technique and report outcomes for internal fixation of short frontal-plane fractures involving the dorsoproximal articular surface of the proximal phalanx (P1) in standing horses.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Short case series.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Six Thoroughbred racehorses with short, frontal plane fractures involving the dorsoproximal P1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All fractures were located in the hindlimb. Horses presented with moderate lameness and marked effusion of the affected metatarsophalangeal joint. Fractures had a medial bias extending from the central aspect of proximal P1 to involve the dorsomedial prominence. Fractures were repaired under standing sedation, local anesthesia and radiographic guidance using a single 3.5 mm self-tapping cortical screw placed in lag fashion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surgery was postponed by 24 h for one patient due to excessive movement during surgical preparation. The mean proximo-distal length of the radiographically apparent fracture plane was 23 mm (range: 19-28 mm). Mean time for screw placement was 13 min (range: 9-21 min). In five horses, postoperative radiographs were acquired and indicated resolution of the fracture plane. All horses raced postoperatively. The mean time from surgery to first race was 205 days (range: 144-284 days) and mean number of starts was 21 (range: 9-37). No complications were reported relating to the repair method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Standing internal fixation of short, incomplete frontal plane fractures of the proximal phalanx, using a 3.5 mm self-tapping cortical screw, is a feasible method of repair. The technique should be viewed as an advanced standing fracture repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a contoured saw guide for tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs.","authors":"Seunghun Jeong, Yong Yu, Suyoung Heo","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of a new contoured saw guide in tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) by comparison with the conventional TPLO technique.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In vitro study using bone models and canine cadavers.</p><p><strong>Sample population: </strong>Twenty epoxy-resin bone models and 10 canine pelvic limbs from cadavers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy procedures were performed on 20 bone models (10 using the contoured saw guide without a jig and 10 using the conventional jig-assisted technique) and on 10 cadaveric limbs (five per group). Measurements included osteotomy angulation, medial cortical damage, eccentricity distance, postoperative tibial plateau angle, angular and torsional deformities, and surgical time. Data were obtained from specimen photographs and computed tomography images and then compared statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The contoured saw guide was related to improvements in bone models, with reduced osteotomy angle of inclination (0.97° vs. 3.4°, p = .038), osteotomy angle of torsion (257 vs. 2573 pixels, p < .001), and medial cortical damage (247 vs. 1866 pixels, p < .001). In cadaveric limbs, the contoured saw guide also demonstrated better performance, with reduced osteotomy angle of inclination (1.2° vs. 4.3°, p = .008) and osteotomy angle of torsion (2054 vs. 5039 pixels, p = .016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy performed with the contoured saw guide achieved more precise osteotomy angulation and caused less medial cortical damage than the conventional jig-assisted technique.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>The contoured saw guide may enhance osteotomy accuracy and minimize iatrogenic damage caused by the saw during TPLO but in this study it did not shorten surgical time.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical stabilization technique and long-term outcome of traumatic lateral shoulder luxation in a dog.","authors":"Maria Podsiedlik, Loïc M Déjardin","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe a surgical stabilization technique and immediate postoperative care for traumatic lateral shoulder luxation in a dog as well as report long-term clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>One dog.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case report.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following failed closed reduction, the surgical stabilization of traumatic, acute, lateral shoulder luxation included three, figure-of-eight 40 # fluorocarbon sutures. On one end, all three sutures were passed through a 2.7 mm screw anchor placed in the scapula neck, craniodistal to the acromion. The free ends of two sutures were passed through two drilled bone tunnels in the greater tubercule. The third figure-of-eight suture was looped around a 2.7 mm cortical screw and washer placed in the caudolateral aspect of the humeral metaphysis. A spica splint was placed and maintained for 4 weeks postoperatively and changed weekly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no major nor minor complications within the 9 months follow-up. By 6 weeks, only mild grade 1/5 lameness was reported on orthopedic examination. At the last two rechecks at 19 and 40 weeks postoperatively, orthopedic examination revealed minimally decreased shoulder flexion and extension with pain-free range of motion (ROM) and no clinical lameness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel surgical stabilization technique described in this report to address lateral shoulder luxation in a dog is technically straightforward and, in our case, provided good, lameness-free clinical outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gross anatomy, computed tomographic contrast tenography, and needle endoscopy of the equine medial digital flexor tendon sheath.","authors":"Maria P Kerbert, Uta Delling, Nicole Verhaar","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the computed tomography (CT) and gross anatomy of the equine medial digital flexor tendon sheath (MDFTS), and the endoscopic anatomy and approach to the MDFTS.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Ex vivo experimental study and one clinical case.</p><p><strong>Sample population: </strong>Twelve clinically normal cadaveric hindlimbs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dissection, native and contrast CT scans were conducted to evaluate the anatomy of the MDFTS. Based on these findings, the portal locations for the endoscopic approaches were determined. Six hindlimbs were used in the pilot phase and another six limbs were selected for the main study. Endoscopic images were reviewed by three observers for the quality of visualization of intrasynovial structures during endoscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intrasynovial structures that could consistently be identified during dissection and CT examination included the mesotenon in the proximal recess and two synovial plicae surrounding the medial digital flexor tendon. Communication between MDFTS and tarsal sheath varied among individual horses. Two portals were necessary to visualize the complete length of the MDFTS. Endoscopic entry was possible with both a needle scope and a conventional arthroscope; however, endoscopic examination was only feasible with the needle scope. The aforementioned intrasynovial structures could also be visualized endoscopically. One clinical case is presented with septic tenosynovitis due to a laceration with penetration of the MDFTS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endoscopic examination of the MDFTS is possible with the use of a needle scope.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Endoscopic lavage of the MDFTS might be indicated in cases of septic tenosynovitis of the MDFTS and/or tarsal sheath.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Assessment of BFX cup version in a three-dimensional model simulating the ventrodorsal radiographic view\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 22 cats (2018-2024).","authors":"Edoardo Poggi, Francisco J Pérez Duarte, Juan Andrés Villagómez Herrera, Carlos Andrés Hernández López, David Garcia Rubio, Jorge Gutiérrez Del Sol, Francesca Izzo, Angelo Tapia-Araya, Francesco Piana","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the surgical technique, indications and complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in cats and to report the clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 22 client-owned cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of cats that underwent LC between 2018 and 2024 were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, laparoscopic approach, concomitant surgical procedures, number of portals, instrument type used for ligation of the cystic duct, operating time, complications and clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 3- or 4-port technique was used in 16 and six cats, respectively. The cystic duct ligation was performed with Hemoclips (n = 14) or with Hem-o-lok (n = 8). The devices used for gallbladder dissection included harmonic scalpel (n = 5), Ligasure (n = 14) and monopolar j-hook (n = 3). The procedure was successfully performed without conversion to open laparotomy in all cases. The median operating time was 41 min. Postoperative complications occurred in three cats: one was treated medically, one spontaneously resolved without intervention and the third cat died 3 days after surgery due to extra hepatic biliary duct obstruction (EHBDO). The final follow-up time for the 21 cases that survived to discharge ranged between 48 and 321 days (median 159 days).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LC was performed successfully using a 3- or 4-port technique in all cases. LC was associated with a low complication rate and a good clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>LC may be considered as an alternative to open cholecystectomy in cats with gallbladder disease that do not present with biochemical or imaging evidence of EHBDO or biliary tract rupture.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of intramedullary pinning and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on postoperative complications after proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs.","authors":"Alan Danielski, Holly A Wilson, Miguel A Solano","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the complication rate following proximal ulnar osteotomy (PUO) performed in conjunction with the use of an intramedullary pin and bone morphogenetic proteins in dogs, and to assess the impact of these variables on surgical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Sample population: </strong>A total of 93 limbs (74 dogs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records and radiographs of dogs that underwent oblique PUO with intramedullary pin and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) application between January 2022 and June 2024 were reviewed. Data collected included breed, age, weight, surgical indication, and postoperative complications, classified as minor or major. Radiographic assessments were performed to evaluate bone healing 6 weeks after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Follow-up examination and radiographs were performed in all cases at a mean time of 6 ± 1.1 weeks after surgery. The overall complication rate was 7.4%, with major complications, primarily surgical site infections (4 out of 5 cases), occurring in five of 93 limbs (5.3%). Minor complications, including seroma and delayed union, were observed in two of 93 limbs (2.1%). No cases of non-union were documented, with 92/93 limbs achieving radiographic healing within the expected timeframe. A total of 48 (64.8%) of the dogs treated were chondrodystrophic breeds, historically considered at high risk of complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined use of an intramedullary pin and rhBMP-2 was associated with low complication rates and enhanced bone healing, even in chondrodystrophic breeds.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This study supports the use of an intramedullary pin and rhBMP-2 in PUO as a safe and effective strategy to minimize complications, including in high-risk breeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal femoral fixation method and axial load affect simulated muscle forces in an ex vivo feline limb press.","authors":"Parisa Mazdarani, Michelle B M Nielsen, James E Miles","doi":"10.1111/vsu.14252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify how increasing axial loads combined with different femoral fixation methods impact simulated quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle forces.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Experimental, non-randomized, ex vivo study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A custom limb press permitting axial loads of 10%-40% bodyweight with three femoral fixation models was tested with 24 limbs from 12 cats (4 per method). Fixation models were: one-complete hip mobility, two-rigid femoral fixation, three-flexion-extension hip mobility. Femoral angulation to horizontal of 60° ±5° and stifle/hock angulations of 120° ±5° were maintained using turnbuckles. Primary outcomes were bodyweight normalized quadriceps and gastrocnemius forces, and their ratio. Secondary outcomes were radiographic limb angulation and relative foot position for models 2 and 3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Normalized quadriceps forces increased more with axial load in models 1 and 3 than model 2 (p = .04), whereas normalized gastrocnemius force increased more with model 2 than models 1 and 3 (p = .009). Force ratios were unaffected by axial load (p = .4), but model 2 ratios were lower than models 1 and 3 (p = .007). Femoral angulation did not differ with load (p = .1) or model (p = .9), but both stifle and hock flexed with increasing load (p < .001) but remained largely within target. Relative foot position was mean 3.9 mm more caudal in model 2 than model 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Simulated muscle forces were proportionate to axial load, while rigid femoral fixation negatively affected both forces and ratios.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Retaining hip flexion-extension yields normalized quadriceps forces closer to in vivo values and could improve current ex vivo models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23667,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}