P. Norajitra, S. Antusch, H. Ritzhaupt‐Kleissl, L. Spatafora, V. Widak, R. Giniyatulin, V. Kuznetsov, I. Mazul, I. Ovchinnikov
{"title":"He-cooled divertor for DEMO: Technological studies and experimental verification of the design","authors":"P. Norajitra, S. Antusch, H. Ritzhaupt‐Kleissl, L. Spatafora, V. Widak, R. Giniyatulin, V. Kuznetsov, I. Mazul, I. Ovchinnikov","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226529","url":null,"abstract":"A modular He-cooled divertor concept for DEMO is being investigated at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) within the framework of the EU power plant conceptual study. The design goal is to reach a heat flux of at least 10 MW/m2. The reference divertor design is based on the use of a tungsten tile which is brazed to a thimble made of W-1wt%La2O3 cooled by helium impingement jets. The current divertor work programme focuses on manufacture and high-heat-flux tests of prototypical tungsten mock-ups to demonstrate the manufacturability and the performance of the design. Till now three high-heat-flux test series on 1-finger mock-ups were successfully performed in a combined helium loop and TSEFEY facility at Efremov. Technological study on fabrication of a 9-finger module of stain less steel was carried out. First gas flow tests showed uniform mass flow rate distribution which agrees well with calculation results. These initial test results confirm the performance of this concept and serve as a strong basis for further development of the material and concept and more integrated testing.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126497959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Terron, C. Moreno, L. Sedano, F. Gabriel, A. Abánades
{"title":"Tritium transport finite element modeling tools for breeding blanket design","authors":"S. Terron, C. Moreno, L. Sedano, F. Gabriel, A. Abánades","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226403","url":null,"abstract":"Permeation is a complex phenomenon. Today the unique tool ITER QA pedigree qualified is a one dimensional tool, TMAP7, not suitable for the complex geometries present in the Breeding Blanket concepts, where 2D/3D simulation capacities of the permeation phenomenon are a real need. In pursuit of this objective, a group of new operators describing some of the different phenomena which make up the permeation process have been implemented in a Cast3M-based code, profiting from the capacities of this finite elements tool for multidimensional calculation. These operators have been compared with the reference 1D code in 1D geometries in order to prove their performance, and finally adapted and tested in 2D geometries. Quality check is given together with ongoing developments and expectable future work.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115886288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Reimann, P. Kurinskiy, R. Lindau, A. Moeslang, M. Rohde, C. Dorn, W. Haws, A. Goraieb, H. Harsch, C. Linsmeier
{"title":"Beryllides for fusion reactors","authors":"J. Reimann, P. Kurinskiy, R. Lindau, A. Moeslang, M. Rohde, C. Dorn, W. Haws, A. Goraieb, H. Harsch, C. Linsmeier","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226458","url":null,"abstract":"In fusion reactors, Be is a candidate material for both ceramic breeder blankets in the form of pebbles and as plasma facing components (PFC) at the First Wall in the form of tiles.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132064192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NCSX Trim Coil design","authors":"M. Kalish, A. Brooks, J. Rushinski, R. Upcavage","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226452","url":null,"abstract":"The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) was being constructed at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in partnership with Oak Ridge National Laboratory before work was stopped in 2008. The objective of this experiment was to develop the stellarator concept and evaluate it's potential as a model for future fusion power plants. Stellarator design requires very precisely positioned Modular Coils of complex shape to form 3D plasmas. In the design of NCSX, Trim Coils were required to compensate for both the positioning of the coils during assembly and the fabrication tolerances of the Modular Coils. Use of the Trim Coils allowed for larger tolerances increasing ease of assembly and decreasing overall cost. A set of Trim coils was developed to suppress the toroidal flux in island regions due to misalignment, magnetic materials, and eddy currents. The requirement imposed upon the design forced the toroidal flux in island regions below 10% of the total toroidal flux in the plasma. An analysis was first performed to evaluate candidate Trim Coil configurations iterating both the size, number, and position of the coils. The design was optimized considering both performance and cost while staying within the tight restraints presented by the space limited geometry. The final design of the Trim Coils incorporated a 48 Coil top bottom symmetric set. Fabrication costs were minimized by having only two coil types and using a planar conventional design with off the shelf commercial conductor. The Trim Coil design incorporated supports made from simple structural shapes assembled together in a way which allowed for adjustment as well as accommodation for the tolerance build up on the mating surfaces. This paper will summarize the analysis that led to the optimization of the Trim Coils set, the trim coil mechanical design, thermal and stress analysis, and the design of the supporting Trim Coil structure.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130876651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Strykowsky, T. Brown, J. Chrzanowski, M. Cole, P. Heitzenroeder, G. Neilson, D. Rej, M. Viol
{"title":"Engineering cost & schedule lessons learned on NCSX","authors":"R. Strykowsky, T. Brown, J. Chrzanowski, M. Cole, P. Heitzenroeder, G. Neilson, D. Rej, M. Viol","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226449","url":null,"abstract":"The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) is designed to test physics principles of an innovative stellarator design developed by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The project was technically very challenging, primarily due to the complex component geometries and tight tolerances that were required. As the project matured these challenges manifested themselves through all phases of the project (i.e. design, R&D, fabrication and assembly). Although the project was not completed, several major work packages, comprising about 65% of the total estimated cost (excluding management and contingency), were completed, providing a data base of actual costs that can be analyzed to understand cost drivers. Technical factors that drove costs included the complex geometry, tight tolerances, material requirements, and performance requirements. Management factors included imposed annual funding constraints that throttled project cash flow, staff availability, and inadequate R&D. Understanding how requirements and design decisions drove cost through this top-down forensic cost analysis could provide valuable insight into the configuration and design of future Stellarators and other devices.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132183474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sharafat, A. Aoyama, N. Ghoniem, J. Blanchard, S. Malang
{"title":"Thermo-mechanical analysis of a W-Ta-ODS divertor transition joint","authors":"S. Sharafat, A. Aoyama, N. Ghoniem, J. Blanchard, S. Malang","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226428","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a robust transition joint between refractory-based PFC components and external cooling piping system is critical for the successful operation of future fusion power reactors. A helium cooled tungsten-based divertor and a steel-based cooling system joint is particularly challenging, due in part to the large mismatch of thermo-physical properties between the materials and because of the high operating temperatures. A strong metallurgical bond is required in such a duplex joint structure. Drawing on broad existing industrial experience, a joint was designed using Ta as a transition material between W and steel. Thermo-structural FEM analyses were performed to investigate the mechanical response of this joint during powerup, steady state, and shut down of divertor operation.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132438362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zucchetti, L. Bonavigo, F. Franza, M. Caldarella, F. Chiaravalli, F. Mancini, G. Faelli, A. Ciampichetti, F. Bombarda, B. Coppi
{"title":"Siting evaluations for the ignitor fusion experiment: Preliminary radiological assessments","authors":"M. Zucchetti, L. Bonavigo, F. Franza, M. Caldarella, F. Chiaravalli, F. Mancini, G. Faelli, A. Ciampichetti, F. Bombarda, B. Coppi","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226384","url":null,"abstract":"Ignitor is a proposed compact high-magnetic field tokamak aimed at studying plasma burning conditions in Deuterium-Tritium plasmas. Localisation of this experiment in Italy has seen growing attention during the last years. The determination to carry out this project in Italy has driven to taking into account several candidate sites. Recently, due to several technical reasons, it was identified a new site, the Caorso Site, in northern Italy, a nuclear site were a nuclear power reactor was sited. Preliminary Radiological Impact analyses for the siting of Ignitor in Caorso are presented in this paper. Te Ignitor radiological impact turns out to be negligible both during normal operation and in case of accident.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127855473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Testa, R. Chavan, J. Guterl, J. Lister, J. Moret, A. Perez, F. Sanchez, B. Schaller, G. Tonetti, M. Toussaint, A. Encheva, G. Vayakis, C. Walker, Y. Fournier, T. Maeder, H. Carfantan
{"title":"Baseline system design and prototyping for the ITER high-frequency magnetic diagnostics set","authors":"D. Testa, R. Chavan, J. Guterl, J. Lister, J. Moret, A. Perez, F. Sanchez, B. Schaller, G. Tonetti, M. Toussaint, A. Encheva, G. Vayakis, C. Walker, Y. Fournier, T. Maeder, H. Carfantan","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226481","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the mechanical and electrical tests performed for the prototyping of the ITER high-frequency magnetic sensor and the analysis of the measurement performance of this diagnostic. The current design for the sensor is not suitable for manufacturing for ITER due to the high likelihood of breakages of the un-guided tungsten wire during the winding. A number of alternative designs and manufacturing processes have been investigated, with the Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic technology giving the best results. The measurement performance of the baseline system design for the high-frequency magnetic diagnostic cannot meet the intended ITER requirements due to its intrinsic spatial periodicities.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115716435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embedding linux On FPGA: An application on a real-time neutron/gamma Discrimination system for fusion devices","authors":"M. Riva, B. Esposito, D. Marocco, F. Belli","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226463","url":null,"abstract":"A new architecture has been developed for the ENEA-Frascati neutron/gamma Digital Pulse Shape Discrimination (DPSD) system. The system (FPGA-based, 200 MSamples/s, 14 bit ADC resolution) has been upgraded to 4 input channels; higher versatility has been obtained through the implementation of a soft processor in the FPGA. The FPGA-embedded processor enables to create software programs written in plain C to control the hardware: simple set-up and modification of hardware parameters and real time data distribution over the standard Ethernet network are now available.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124285398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low distortion welded joints for NCSX*","authors":"M. Denault, M. Viola, W. England","doi":"10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FUSION.2009.5226445","url":null,"abstract":"The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) required precise positioning of the field coils in order to generate suitable magnetic fields. A set of three modular field coils were assembled to form the Half Field-Period Assemblies (HPA). Final assembly of the HPA required a welded shear plate to join individual coils in the nose region due to the geometric limitations and the strength constraints. Each of the modular coil windings was wound on a stainless steel alloy (Stellalloy) casting. The alloy is similar to austenitic 316 stainless steel. During the initial welding trials, severe distortion, of approximately 1/16″, was observed in the joint caused by weld shrinkage. The distortion was well outside the requirements of the design. Solutions were attempted through several simultaneous routes. The joint design was modified, welding processes were changed, and specialized heat reduction techniques were utilized. A final joint design was selected to reduce the amount of weld material needed to be deposited, while maintaining adequate penetration and strength. Several welding processes and techniques using Miller Axcess equipment were utilized that significantly reduced heat input. The final assembly of the HPA was successful. Distortion was controlled to 0.012″, well within the acceptable design tolerance range of 0.020″ over a 3.5 foot length.","PeriodicalId":236460,"journal":{"name":"2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115021725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}