Weather最新文献

{"title":"Persistent convective snowfall in the South Lakes, Cumbria – 2 December 2023","authors":"Dan Holley, Nicholas Silkstone","doi":"10.1002/wea.4535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4535","url":null,"abstract":"On Saturday 2 December 2023, a persistent stream of snow showers affected south Cumbria through much of the day and into the following night, originating from the Irish Sea. As much as 30–40cm of snow accumulated in parts of the South Lakes, unprecedented in modern records according to local long-standing weather observers, and resulted in significant transport and power disruption. This short article examines the meteorological setup responsible and briefly highlights some of the challenges in forecasting snow accumulations from maritime convection.","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Royal Meteorological Society's Quarterly Journal: celebrating 150 years","authors":"Keith P. Shine, Francesca Morris","doi":"10.1002/wea.4543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4543","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Royal Meteorological Society's (RMetS) flagship publication, the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (QJ), celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2023. This milestone has been celebrated in several ways. A fully open-access special collection1 of 22 classic papers published in QJ highlights key advances in the subject, stretching from 1925 to 2020; these were selected by a group of current and former editors. The special collection is accompanied by a highly informative introduction by QJ's current Chief Editors (Ross and Methven, <span>2023</span>). In addition, a digital timeline2 highlights these papers, plus many more suggested by the RMetS History Special Interest Group, and places QJ in the context of the Society's wider history. On 13 September 2023, a commemorative meeting ‘RMetS Quarterly Journal: Celebrating 150 Years’ was held at Imperial College3.</p>\u0000<p><i>John Methven</i> (University of Reading) and <i>Andrew Ross</i> (University of Leeds) presented a precis of the Ross and Methven (<span>2023</span>) article and provided statistics of both the geographical distribution of articles and downloads, buttressing the evidence of QJ's continuing wide international reach and impact.</p>\u0000<p><i>Tim Woollings</i> (University of Oxford) highlighted the key role of QJ in the development of understanding of Rossby (or planetary) waves, from their initial identification to their heavy influence in understanding the large-scale dynamics of the mid-latitude atmosphere. A paper by Carl-Gustaf Rossby himself in QJ in 1940 introduced the precursor to what is now known as potential vorticity, a key concept in mid-latitude atmospheric dynamics. Earlier work focused on the stationarity of Rossby waves before attention moved on to their propagation, and the importance of this in maintaining the mid-latitude jet stream. Later work in QJ recognised that westerly flows are baroclinically unstable; this played an important role in understanding the development of mid-latitude weather systems, and their impact on the large-scale heat and momentum budgets.</p>\u0000<p><i>Anthony McNally</i> (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)) spoke on ‘Data assimilation: a fusion of knowledge and the rise of the machines’. This led us through the foundational role of data assimilation in providing the initial conditions for numerical weather prediction (NWP), through its equally foundational role in the development of climate reanalyses (such as ECMWF's ERA5 reanalysis) in modern-day climate science, to its use in improving numerical models. The scale of the problem (fusing data from multiple different sources and the quest for ever higher resolution) was emphasised. Looking to the future, the recent ‘astonishing’ rate of advances in machine learning not only challenges conventional approaches to data assimilation and NWP, but also challenges conventional paths to how such work is presented in learned journals such as QJ.</p>\u0000<p><i>Bria","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140036421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ODEÓN workshop: co‐creation of research on climate intervention techniques through citizen engagement","authors":"Juan A. Añel, Celia Pérez Souto, Mario Pansera, Laura de la Torre","doi":"10.1002/wea.4542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4542","url":null,"abstract":"<h2> Introduction</h2>\u0000<div>The ODEÓN Project (Limitations and hazards of sulphate aerosol injection: The case of Spain) has been funded by the Spanish Research Agency for the period 2023–2024. Scientists involved in the project organised a 1-day workshop on 10 November 2023, at the Campus of Ourense. The goal of the workshop was to highlight the different research areas related to climate intervention techniques to Spanish citizens and representatives of various organisations. ‘Climate intervention’ is the terminology used for what has been traditionally known as ‘geoengineering’. The Royal Meteorological Society defines ‘climate engineering/geoengineering’ as: <blockquote><p>A broad set of methods and technologies that aim to deliberately alter the climate system in order to alleviate the impacts of climate change. Most, but not all, methods seek to either (1) reduce the amount of absorbed solar energy in the climate system (Solar Radiation Management) or (2) increase net carbon sinks from the atmosphere at a scale sufficiently large to alter climate (Carbon Dioxide Removal).</p>\u0000<div></div>\u0000</blockquote>\u0000</div>\u0000<p>‘Climate intervention’ is now recommended as the preferred terminology because it clearly states the problem in question (climate) and that solutions are not always necessarily related to ‘engineering’. Also, it has been shown that non-scientists find this terminology easier to understand and hold less negative connotations with the phrase. This terminology was communicated to the attendees at the beginning of the workshop.</p>\u0000<p>The main objective of the workshop was to use the feedback from citizens to develop a co-creation approach for the research project, in which the research goals are informed or modified according to citizens' concerns. The workshop attendees included representatives of the environmental departments of local city councils and NGOs, such as Friends of the Earth and Engineers without Borders; MSc and PhD students in Aerospace Engineering and Atmospheric Physics; the Environment Office Manager of the University of Vigo; and social media influencers in environmental protection. The Social Council of the University of Vigo supported the workshop with a monetary contribution.</p>\u0000<p>The workshop began with Juan Añel and Laura de la Torre (principal investigators of the project) who presented a brief introduction on climate intervention techniques. This included showing different approaches for solar radiation management, carbon capture and chemical removal of methane, as well as key side effects. It also explained the physical and chemical fundamentals of such methods with basic, non-scientific language. They highlighted the current worldwide framework and state-of-the-art climate intervention research and governance, such as The Oxford Principles (https://www.geoengineering.ox.ac.uk/www.geoengineering.ox.ac.uk/oxford-principles). Finally, they showed the participants some preliminary ODEÓN research results on the","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140010630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"George Giles (1 November 1930 – 5 September 2023)","authors":"W. S. Pike","doi":"10.1002/wea.4534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"George Giles (1 November 1930 – 5 September 2023)","authors":"W. S. Pike","doi":"10.1002/wea.4534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139834284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Jersey tornado and hailstorm of 1–2 November 2023","authors":"Paul Knightley, Sarah Horton, Matthew Clark, Matthew Winter","doi":"10.1002/wea.4530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4530","url":null,"abstract":"A powerful tornado affected eastern parts of Jersey, Channel Islands, on the night of Wednesday 1 and Thursday 2 November 2023, associated with a supercell thunderstorm. As well as spawning the tornado, the parent thunderstorm also produced a severe hailstorm, with hailstones upwards of 5cm in diameter documented. A TORRO site investigation, assisted by staff from Jersey Met, concluded that the tornado produced a continuous damage path across the east of the island of around 8km in length, with a width of up to 500m. The tornado was assigned a provisional rating of T6 on the International Tornado Intensity Scale.","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Always Wins – Thriving in an Age of Drought and Deluge, EricaGies, The University of Chicago Press, 2022, Paperback £10.99, 292 pp. (327 including notes), ISBN 978‐0‐226‐82942‐5","authors":"Jon Millard","doi":"10.1002/wea.4523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139798129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Always Wins – Thriving in an Age of Drought and Deluge, EricaGies, The University of Chicago Press, 2022, Paperback £10.99, 292 pp. (327 including notes), ISBN 978‐0‐226‐82942‐5","authors":"Jon Millard","doi":"10.1002/wea.4523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Scottish snow patches survive until winter 2023/2024","authors":"Iain Cameron, Blair Fyffe, Attila Kish","doi":"10.1002/wea.4533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4533","url":null,"abstract":"No patches of snow survived on the hills of Scotland from the winter of 2022/2023 to the winter of 2023/2024.","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of solar halo terms in observations recorded in historical Korean documents","authors":"Jae Yeon Hyun, Byeong-Hee Mihn, Ki-Won Lee, Sang Hyuk Kim, Uhn Mee Bahk","doi":"10.1002/wea.4532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.4532","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate solar halo terms in observations recorded in the <i>Crown Prince Sohyeon’s Donggung-Ilgi</i> (Seventeenth century) and identify their equivalent terminologies in modern atmospheric optics. We refer to related historical Korean and Chinese materials (e.g. <i>Pungun-Gi</i>, Observation Log for Wind and Clouds, for 6 December 1748), analyse the distributions of each term according to the sun elevation and consult modern studies on halo simulations. Then, we compare our findings with the results of previous works. This study will contribute to the understanding of halo events recorded in historical East Asian documents.","PeriodicalId":23637,"journal":{"name":"Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139759240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}