Water SA最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Macroinvertebrate Community Structure Associated with Land Use in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia","authors":"Cristian Granados Martínez, Meyer Guevara-Mora, Eugenia López‐López, José Miguel Ramírez","doi":"10.3390/w17142142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17142142","url":null,"abstract":"Rivers in tropical semi-arid regions face increasing anthropogenic pressures yet remain critically understudied despite their global importance. This study evaluated the aquatic macroinvertebrate community structure in the Ranchería River, Colombia, across three land use conditions: conserved zones (CZs), urban/agricultural zones (UAZs), and mining influence zones (MZs). Ten sampling stations were established, and macroinvertebrate communities were assessed alongside physical, chemical, and hydromorphological variables during the dry season (January–March 2021). A total of 9288 individuals from 84 genera across 16 orders were collected. Generalized Linear Models revealed significant differences among zones for 67 genera (79.8%), indicating strong community responses to land use gradients. Conserved zones exhibited the highest diversity according to the Hill numbers and were dominated by sensitive taxa, including Simulium, Smicridea, and Leptohyphes. Urban/agricultural zones showed the lowest richness (35 genera) and were characterized by disturbance-tolerant species, particularly Melanoides. Mining zones displayed intermediate diversity but exhibited severe habitat alterations. A redundancy analysis with variance partitioning revealed that land use types constituted the primary driver of community structure (a 24.1% pure effect), exceeding the physical and chemical variables (19.5%) and land cover characteristics (19.2%). The integrated model explained 63.5% of the total compositional variation, demonstrating that landscape-scale anthropogenic disturbances exert a greater influence on aquatic communities than local environmental conditions alone. Different anthropogenic activities create distinct environmental filters affecting macroinvertebrate assemblages, emphasizing the importance of land use planning for maintaining aquatic ecosystem integrity in semi-arid watersheds.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 14","pages":"2142-2142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/14/2142/pdf?version=1752836881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147382153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation Technology for the Protection of Soil on Agricultural Drainage Ditch Slopes","authors":"Xinran Huang, Jiang Li, Mingxiao Su, Xiyun Jiao, Qingyu Wu, Zhe Gu","doi":"10.3390/w17132010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17132010","url":null,"abstract":"Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) offers an eco-friendly approach to stabilize porous materials. This study evaluates its feasibility for protecting agricultural drainage ditch slopes through laboratory tests. Liquid experiments assessed calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation rates under varying bacteria–cementation solution ratios (BCR), cementation solution concentrations (1–2 mol/L), and urease inhibitor (NBPT) contents (0–0.3%). Soil experiments further analyzed the effects of solidified layer thickness (4 cm vs. 8 cm) and curing cycles on soil stabilization. The results showed that CaCO3 precipitation peaked at a BCR of 4:5 and declined when NBPT exceeded 0.1%. Optimal parameters (0.1% NBPT, 1 mol/L cementation solution, BCR 4:5) were applied to soil tests, revealing that multi-cycle treatments enhanced soil water retention and CaCO3 content (up to 7.6%) and reduced disintegration rates (by 70%) and permeability (by 83%). A 4 cm solidified layer achieved higher Ca2+ utilization, while an 8 cm layer matched or exceeded 4 cm performance with shorter curing. Calcite crystals dominated CaCO3 formation. Crucially, reagent dosage should approximate four times the target layer’s requirement to ensure efficacy. These findings demonstrate that MICP, when optimized, effectively stabilizes ditch slopes using minimal reagents, providing a sustainable strategy for agricultural soil conservation.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 13","pages":"2010-2010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/13/2010/pdf?version=1751620209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147879228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation and Toxicity of Chlorine Species During Zeolite Regeneration by NaCl-NaClO After Stormwater Adsorption","authors":"Wu Lei, Chenxi Li, Xinyue Cao, Yihang Zhu, Yan Liu","doi":"10.3390/w17131955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17131955","url":null,"abstract":"Zeolite adsorption followed by NaCl-NaClO regeneration is an effective method for the on-site treatment of ammonia in initial stormwater. However, the formation and toxicity of chlorine species during the zeolite regeneration process need to be investigated. In this study, under intermittent and continuous operations, zeolites adsorbed NH4Cl + HA (humic acid) and actual stormwater, then regenerated with NaCl-NaClO (0.5 g/L NaCl, ClO−:N molar ratio of 1.8, pH = 10). This technology was assessed from the following three aspects: adsorption and regeneration, chlorine species formation, and toxicity. The results showed that zeolites exhibited a greater adsorption capacity for HA in stormwater compared to that in an NH4Cl + HA solution, and the presence of ammonia had a minimal impact on this process. During zeolite regeneration, ammonia had a competitive advantage over HA for ClO−. ClO3− was inevitably formed in regeneration. The formation of chlorinated organic compounds (COPs) increased over time. The order of chlorine species toxicity in zeolite regeneration solution was free chlorine > COPs > ClO3−. Controlled regeneration time was required to minimize the formation and toxicity of chlorine species. During the 10 cycles of regeneration, chlorine species continued to form and caused high toxicity hazards.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 13","pages":"1955-1955"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/13/1955/pdf?version=1751272398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Formation of Disinfection By-Products in Reactive Chlorine Species (RCS)-Mediated Advanced Oxidation Process","authors":"Zhi Li, Zhong Zhang","doi":"10.3390/w17131954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17131954","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the formation and toxicity of disinfection by-products (DBPs) arising from the reactions between individual reactive chlorine species (RCS) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) during water treatment. Individual chlorine radicals (Cl•) and dichloride radicals (Cl2•−) were selectively generated with a laser flash photolysis technique, and their interactions with Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) were analyzed. Results demonstrated a biphasic pattern of DBP formation, where initial increases in RCS exposure enhanced DBP concentrations and toxicities, followed by subsequent decreases at higher RCS exposure. Variations among DBP classes, including trichloromethanes, chloroacetic acids, and chloroacetaldehydes, highlighted the complexity of RCS-DOM interactions. Toxicity assessments further indicated chloroacetonitriles and chloroacetic acids as major toxicity contributors at varying RCS exposures. This study highlights the impact of RCS exposure levels to DBP formation and toxicities, providing mechanistic insights for optimizing parameters in RCS-mediated advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for safer water treatment.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 13","pages":"1954-1954"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/13/1954/pdf?version=1751347555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147896261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luminescence Dating of Holocene Fluvial Sediments from the Daluze Area in the North China Plain","authors":"Zhe Liu, Jinsong Yang, Zhao Hua, Lei Song, Chengmin Wang","doi":"10.3390/w17131942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17131942","url":null,"abstract":"Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is an important method for determining the ages of late Quaternary sediments. However, partial bleaching of quartz in fluvial sediments remains a challenge, with debates on grain-size effects in different sedimentary environments. The aim of this paper is to explore the bleaching degree and its influencing factors of different grain-size quartz in fluvial sediments from the Yanchi section in the Daluze area, North China Plain. According to sedimentological methods and grain size analysis, lacustrine and fluvial layers were identified, and the ages of sediments were determined by OSL and 14C methods. The key findings are as follows: (1) Fine-grained quartz can be better bleached than coarse/medium-grained quartz for early–middle Holocene fluvial sediments. (2) The OSL method can yield reliable ages for early–middle Holocene fluvial sediments, while it overestimates these for late Holocene fluvial sediments. This probably results from variations in sediment sources and hydrodynamic conditions. (3) The dating results show that there are three fluvial activity periods in the Daluze area: 10.8~10.2 ka, 5.3~4.7 ka, and after 1 ka. This paper provides a reliable chronological framework for the evolution of regional sedimentary environments and offers references for luminescence dating of fluvial sediments in similar environments.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 13","pages":"1942-1942"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/13/1942/pdf?version=1751246248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147916663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Textile Wastewater Decolorization Using Cation Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Coupled with Magnesium Salt Precipitation (CEM-MSP)","authors":"Yujing Zhao, Nuo Cheng, Ruihan Jiang, Jian Jiao, Chen Chen, Jiahao Liang, Longfeng Hu, Hesong Wang, Jinlong Wang","doi":"10.3390/w17121785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17121785","url":null,"abstract":"To overcome the low efficiency, high cost and less environmentally friendly limitations in existing textile wastewater disposal technology, an innovative approach of cation exchange membrane electrolysis coupled with magnesium salt precipitation (CEM-MSP) was implemented. This method simultaneously achieved the high-efficiency adsorption decolorization of dyes and the recovery of lye. The results indicated that cation exchange membrane electrolysis with MgSO4 added to the anode chamber (CEM-EA) exhibited excellent decolorization performance on DB86 dye and achieved low residual Mg2+ concentration. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism of Mg(OH)2 on DB86 was systematically investigated. The adsorption process fitted with the first-order kinetic, where the adsorption of DB86 by Mg(OH)2 was dominated by electrostatic attraction. Detailed comparison of the four systems demonstrated that CEM-EA was superior to the single magnesium addition method (85.24%) or the stand-alone membrane electrolysis method (10.36%), with 99% decolorization efficiency. In comparison to the cation exchange membrane electrolysis with MgSO4 added to the cathode chamber (CEM-EC), the CEM-EA could diminish the Mg2+ concentration in the effluent to facilitate the lye recovery while guaranteeing the decolorization efficiency. In addition, the DB86 adsorption behavior during the formation of Mg(OH)2 in the cathode chamber was investigated. The Mg(OH)2 particles were relatively dense copper-blue agglomerates with a thin lamellar layer on the surface. Notably, only slight mass contamination was observed on the cation exchange membrane (CEM) surface after multiple cycles. Minor CEM contamination illustrated the stable treatment efficiency of the CEM-EA after several cycles. This study constructed a novel approach integrating membrane electrolysis with magnesium salt precipitation, delivering valuable technical solutions for textile wastewater disposal.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 12","pages":"1785-1785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/12/1785/pdf?version=1749892663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between the Structural-Activity of Sulfidated Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron and Its Enhanced Reactivity for Cr(VI) Reduction","authors":"Min Zhang, Wenhao Wang, Zherui Fan, Ziwei Bao, Jinxiang Li","doi":"10.3390/w17121737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17121737","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfidation has gained increasing attention due to its merits to improve the structural-activity of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) and thus enhance its reactivity toward contaminants. Few studies have been conducted to elucidate the correlation between the structural-activity and reactivity of nZVI, which is important for up-scaling such a decontamination strategy. Taking chromate (Cr(VI)) as the targeted contaminant, this study found that sulfidation enhanced the reactivity of nZVI toward Cr(VI) to varying extents, which was closely related to the degree and order of sulfidation. Particularly, the optimal rate constants of S-nZVI for Cr(VI) removal were 9.79 and 1.48 times higher than that of nZVI in the batch and column systems, respectively. In addition, this study suggested that sulfidation enhanced the electrical conductivity of nZVI by forming conductive iron sulfides (FeSx), while simultaneously reducing the particle aggregation and thus attenuating the settling rate of nZVI in water. More importantly, the reactivity of S-nZVI toward Cr(VI) exhibited negative correlations with its sedimentation activity and electrical conductivity. These relationships can be potentially used to predict the decontamination reactivity of S-nZVI if its sedimentation or conductivity activity was known in advance. Finally, this study clarified the sulfidation-induced improvement in reactivity of nZVI toward Cr(VI), which should be primarily associated with the improved reactive site of S-nZVI due to excellent dispersion and excellent conductivity due to FeSx introduction, ultimately facilitating the reduction of Cr(VI) by nZVI.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 12","pages":"1737-1737"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/12/1737/pdf?version=1749463792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of BDE3 and the Co-Existence Copper on Photosynthesis and Antioxidative Enzymes in Salvinia natans (L.)","authors":"Yao Yao, Bin Long, M. Zhu, Simin Zhang, He Liu, Liyan Tian","doi":"10.3390/w17111712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111712","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the unregulated handling of e-waste, the co-existence of PBDEs and heavy metals in water bodies and soil has been detected with high frequency. However, the combined toxicity for aquatic creatures remains unclear. This study investigated the single and combined stress of BDE3 and copper on the photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system of Salvinia natans (L.). The results indicated that there were no negative effects on photosynthetic pigments under single stress of BDE3 or combined stress with copper. However, to deal with oxidative stress, antioxidant defense enzymes, including SOD and CAT, were activated in S. natans. SOD was sensitive in the first stage, while CAT activity was significantly increased until the end of 14 days of incubation. Malondialdehyde content increased significantly, which indicated that excessive reactive oxygen species from pollution of BDE3 or coexistence with copper could not be eliminated. BDE3 concentration in the aqueous phase declined with time, while copper was accumulated over time in S. natans, with BCF increasing to 0.31 ± 0.073 at the end. Our study indicated that the co-existence of copper could exacerbate the damage caused by BDE3 to S. natans in aqueous environment.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 11","pages":"1712-1712"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/11/1712/pdf?version=1749114693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147900299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Electron Transfer Between Fe/Mn Promotes Efficient Activation of Peroxomonosulfate by FeMn-NBC","authors":"Xiaoji Lin, Qiang Ge, Xianbo Zhou, Yan Wang, Congyun Zhu, Kun Liu, Jinquan Wan","doi":"10.3390/w17111700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111700","url":null,"abstract":"Bimetallic catalysts can effectively enhance the catalytic degradation efficiency of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), which is usually attributed to the enhancement of electron transfer, but currently, there is no clear explanation of the mechanism of how the electron transfer is enhanced. A nitrogen-doped Fe/Mn composite biochar (FeMn-NBC) was co-constructed by hydrothermal synthesis and high-temperature calcination. The FeMn-NBC activated PMS more efficiently than the monometallic one due to the enhanced electron transfer between Fe and Mn. The FeMn-NBC/PMS system activated PMS with Mn as the active center, and the high oxidation state of Mn4+ promoted the acceleration of the PMS adsorption of the generation of Mn2+/Mn3+. This gaining effect accelerated the electron cycling between Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+, which enhanced the PMS catalysis to generate free radicals (•OH, SO4•− and •O2−) and non-radicals (1O2) for the efficient degradation of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). Benefiting from this gaining effect, the degradation rate of DIBP by the FeMn-NBC/PMS system was increased by 2.43 and 3.38 times compared to Fe-NBC and Mn-NBC. The bimetallic-enhanced electron transfer mechanism proposed in this study facilitated the development of efficient catalysts for more efficient and selective removal of organic pollutants.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 11","pages":"1700-1700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/11/1700/pdf?version=1749008950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible Light-Driven Z-Scheme CNQDs/Ag3PO4 Octopod-Shaped Nanostructures with Exposed {110} Facets for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation","authors":"Xiaoze Yin, Yuxin Xiao, Chaoyue Wu, Jinnan Wang","doi":"10.3390/w17111594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111594","url":null,"abstract":"Although Ag3PO4 possessed high quantum yield (approximately 90%) and strong oxidation potential, its practical application was limited due to serious photocorrosion and inadequate stability. To improve the anti-photocorrsion ability, carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) were loaded on octopod-like Ag3PO4 with {110}-faceted rhombic dodecahedrons. The CNQDs stabilized the high-energy {110} facets via carboxylate-mediated interactions, facilitating oriented assembly into 3D octopod configurations. More importantly, a Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed between CNQDs and Ag3PO4 for electrons transfer from Ag3PO4 to CNQDs, which could not only maintain strong redox potentials but also suppress carrier recombination. The 12.5%CNQDs/Ag3PO4 composite achieved a more than 90% removal of methyl orange within 13 min. Radical trapping and EPR analyses indicated that holes of Ag3PO4 played a dominant role in organics degradation. In addition, •O2−, which was generated from the O2 reduction by photogenerated electrons of CNQDs, also participated in the degradation of organics. This work provides a facet-controlled heterojunction design strategy, leveraging quantum-confined CNQDs to enhance charge kinetics and molecular oxygen activation.","PeriodicalId":23623,"journal":{"name":"Water SA","volume":"17 11","pages":"1594-1594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/11/1594/pdf?version=1748154438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147884693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}