Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Evolutionary characterization of clades 2.3.4.4 H5N6 and 2.3.2.1c H5N1 HPAI viruses in Vietnam (2013–2019) revealed distinct reassortants from distant spillovers","authors":"Nguyen Trung Nam, Nguyen Hung Chi, Chu Hoang Ha, Do Thi Roan, Nguyen Thi Bich Nga, Le Thanh Hoa","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/15325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15325","url":null,"abstract":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5Nx viruses have continually undergone multiple evolutionary dynamics for the generation of various clades, subclades, and genotypes where 2.3.2.2c, and 2.3.4.4 become predominant and co-circulating in Vietnam from 2014 to date. In this study, fifteen H5 sequences in our study and 90 from others from different clades, 0, 1, 1.1, 2.3.2.1a, 2.3.2.1c, 2.3.4, 2.3.4.1, 2.3.4.2, 2.3.4.3 and 2.3.4.4 of H5N1, H5N2, H5N6, were characterized for hemagglutinin (HA) properties, genetic and phylogenetic analyses. Blast searching using the dataset of the full length of two H5N6 viruses revealed one strain, e.g., A/Duck/Vietnam/HT7/2014(H5N6) in May 2014, belonging to the Sichuan 2014-lineage of Group D (Minor). The other strain, A/Chicken/Vietnam/NT3/2017(H5N6)/or CkNT3-2017 in the Spring of 2017, belonged to the Japanese-Korean late 2016-cluster of Group C (Major). This cluster possessed 140NHETS-145del stretch of Leucine/Serine deletion at position 145 in HA1 (S/L145del), distinct from all the 2.3.4.4 H5N6 viruses known to date. There has been no report of the similar CkNT3-2017 of 2.3.4.4 reassortant in Vietnam prior to our study. The migration flyway might be the route for transportation of this novel H5N6 virus from Japan to Vietnam. In addition, the topology revealed another novel subclade of H5N6 (2018–2019) possibly, of the Vietnamese internal reassortments. The “H5Nx” viruses in Vietnam, in fact, have continually undergone multiple evolutionary processes in parallel with those lineages in China and East-Asia. Variations at the key sites in HA and altered genetic characteristics in novel HPAI H5Nx viruses in Vietnam present a caution for the vaccination program and the risk for human infection.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81635787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression alteration analyses in the transgenic Arabidopsis carrying soybean Histidine-containing phosphotransmitter gene under salinity stress condition","authors":"Thai Chi Hung, Hoang Thi Lan Xuan, Nguyen Thien Quang, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/16190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16190","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity of many crops is highly vulnerable to extreme external conditions.  Environmental stress factors such as drought and salinity have become more and more serious due to climate change and appear in many areas worldwide with higher frequency. As both drought and salinity belong to osmotic stress, they have similar negative effects on plant growth, development, and productivity as well as trigger similar stress responses by plants. In a previous study analyzing the expression profile in two soybean (Glycine max) cultivars with contrasting drought-tolerant phenotypes, a member of two-component system (TCS) in soybean, GmHP08, was proposed to associate with the plant tolerance capacity to drought. Subsequent in planta study confirmed its action as a positive regulator under drought conditions, as the transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing GmHP08 acquired better drought tolerance. Following this, the presented research further explored the possible function of GmHP08 in mediating plant response to salinity. The obtained data from RT-qPCR analyses suggested that GmHP08 might positively enhance the salt tolerance of the Arabidopsis transgenic plants by altering the transcriptional abundance of several stress-related genes, including RD29A, RD29B, ABI5, SAG13, and CSD1. Activities of these genes are known to be associated with osmoprotection, senescence process, and antioxidation, which contribute to salt-tolerance ability of the transgenic plants. These results provided the first line of molecular evidence regarding GmHP08 function in plant response to salinity conditions. Therefore, extensive studies should be conducted in future studies to elaborate on the mechanisms by which this TCS member could improve various types of osmotic stress tolerance in plants.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76692080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic distance and phylogenetic relationships of some Echinostoma species (E. malayanum, E. revolutum, E. miyagawai) and Hypoderaeum conoideum (family Echinostomatidae) inferred from partial 28S rDNA sequence analysis","authors":"L. Hoa, Pham Thi Khanh Linh, N. T. Khué, Do Thi Roan, Le Thi Kim Xuyen, Do Thi Thanh Huong","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/16903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16903","url":null,"abstract":"Echinostomiasis is a neglected disease caused by the intestinal flukes (family Echinostomatidae, suborder Echinostomata) and is common in communities in Asian countries, such as India, Indonesia, the Philippines, China, Malaysia, Singapore, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. The genetic markers from the nuclear ribosomal transcription units are commonly used in genetic studies and phylogenetic analyses. A portion of the 28S rDNA sequence (domains D1–D3, of 1062–1067 bp for the final use) was obtained from the zoonotic Echinostoma malayanum (strain E/Amala-EMI3-TH), E. revolutum (strain Erevo-MSD15-TH), E. miyagawai (Emiya-RED11-TH), and Hypoderaeum conoideum (Hcono-RED42-TH) species; and used to perform an alignment for genetic distance estimation and phylogenetic analysis. The alignment was performed using 62 strains of 42 species from 19 genera of the family Echinostomatidae, including Echinoparyphium, Echinostoma, Artyfechinostomum, Patagifer, Neoacanthoparyphium, Hypoderaeum, Echinoparyphium, Drepanocephalus, Euparyphium, Chaunocephalus, Neopetasiger, Ribeiroia, Cathaemasia, Rhopalias, Isthmiophora, Petasiger, Moliniella, Pegosomum, and Schistosoma (family Schistosomatidae). The genetic distance estimation among 16 strains/10 species has shown a low intra-specific divergence level between strains within the same species, such as E. miyagawai (0–0.10%), E. revolutum (0.10–0.50%), and H. conoideum (0–0.10%), while between strains within the same genus it was higher (normally over 1.0%) and among strains/species between genera it was the highest (3.06–4.12%). The 28S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationship well supported the Echinostoma/ Artyfechinostomum malayanum intergeneric taxonomy and the topology indicated clear, well-supported positions of member species in different genera in the family Echinostomatidae of the suborder Echinostomata. More sensu lato samples of the genera, are required for sequencing, particularly those of zoonotic species in the five genera: Artyfechinostomum, Echinostoma, Hypoderaeum, Echinoparyphium, and Isthmiophora. The resultant mitochondrial and nuclear data obtained from these species will be a good source to use to clearly assess the taxonomic and generic relationships.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79579046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of TEX15 haplotype with male infertility in Vietnamese individuals","authors":"La Duc Duy, Nguyen Phuong Anh, Nguyen Thuy Duong","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/17243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17243","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility is a global concern that affects 15% of couples, and roughly half of those cases are male-specific. Among the genetic factors that contributed heavily to male infertility, TEX15 (testis-expressed gene 15) has been studied across multiple cohorts worldwide and identified to relate to meiotic recombination failure and DNA repair system malfunction. To assess the relationship between male infertility and TEX15 in a Vietnamese cohort, we performed a case-control association study of polymorphism TEX15 rs323345 and a further analysis of haplotypes of TEX15 rs323345 and TEX15 rs142485241. A total of 420 unrelated Vietnamese males, including 212 infertile patients and 208 healthy controls, were recruited for the present study. The genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphism TEX15 rs323345 were determined by PCR-RFLP method. The results showed that the distribution of genotypes of this polymorphism followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p-value > 0.05), but the association between the polymorphism TEX15 rs323345 and male infertility was not significantly different in all three models (additive, dominant, and recessive) (p-values > 0.05). However, haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype GT of the two variants (rs323345 and rs142485241) of the TEX15 gene was correlated with an increased risk of male infertility (p = 0.023, OR = 1.937, 95% CI = 1.085-3.456). This study demonstrated that haplotype analysis could unveil potential associations in genes that could normally be unnoticed in an individual SNP analysis.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81995546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal genetic diagnosis of retinoblastoma in two Vietnamese families","authors":"Pham Thi Minh Chau, Trinh Hong Anh, L. T. Lan Anh, Nguyen Thuy Duong, Nguyen Hai Ha","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/17000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17000","url":null,"abstract":"Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare cancer that develops from the layer of cells in the retina. A germline mutation in the RB1 gene is a high risk factor for Rb. We performed prenatal genetic diagnosis on two pregnant women who had had a child with hereditary Rb and continued checking their newborns' conditions after giving birth. Ultrasound-guided amniocentesis, amniotic cell culture, and Sanger sequencing for the specific RB1 region were used. The analysis results demonstrated that one of the amniotic cell samples was found to carry a genetic mutation that causes the disease, inherited from the father. Neonatal screening confirmed that the corresponding newborn of the amniotic cell sample with the causative gene mutation developed binocular retinoblastoma. Prenatal genetic testing on pregnant women in families with a risk of having a child with retinoblastoma should be performed to prepare a clinical diagnosis and treatment plan for the neonate.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"605 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78954321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial potential of Streptomyces isolates from Con Dao National Forest","authors":"Le Pham Nguyet Thuong, Truong Hoa Thien, Tong Thi Hang","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/14384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/14384","url":null,"abstract":"Streptomyces are considered the most potential microbes with the ability to produce antimicrobial and anticancer agents. These bacteria are found mostly in soil across the globe and play a pivotal role in material recycling processes. Isolation of Streptomyces in Vietnam has been conducted for years. However, there are few investigations on protected regions which have very little exchanging activities. This project aims to explore the resource for antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces isolated from Con Son Island (Con Dao). Eighteen soil samples were collected in different surface lands in Con Dao and cleaned prior to culturing and isolation. Twenty-five isolates (named from C1 to C25) were obtained from ISP4 agar plates and stored in glycerol 30% at -80oC. Liquid cultures were established in 3 different media (ISP4, Gause I and TSB) for all isolates. Broth collected from cultures at stationary phase was extracted with ethyl acetate at the ratio 1:1 (v/v) followed with antimicrobial tests against three bacterial and two fungal microorganisms (S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, C. albicans, A. parasiticus). Sixty percent of isolates show activity against at least one microbe. The isolates C13, C22 and C24 showed the ability to inhibit both bacteria and fungi tested. Results from C13 and C22 express remarkable activity to prevent the growth of B. subtilis and C. albicans, respectively. This study suggests the potential of Streptomyces from the investigated area and recommends more optimization of the culture condition as well as extractions with other solvents to get better antimicrobial activities.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84439038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of CFAP65 with male infertility in Vietnamese individuals","authors":"Nguyen Thuy Duong, Tran Huu Dinh, N. Van Hai","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/16853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16853","url":null,"abstract":"Cilia- and flagella-associated protein (CFAP) is a well-known protein family that plays a vital role in the spermatogenic process. Recently, the gene CFAP65, which encodes the cilia- and flagella- associated protein 65, has been focused on as a new candidate for male infertility. Mutations in this gene are frequently detected in patients with primary infertility, especially among cases with combined phenotypes of acrosome abnormalities and multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). In addition, mice carrying both a complete knock-out of the CFAP65 gene and a CFAP65 homozygous frameshift mutation exhibited sterility with the typical phenotypes of MMAF. However, no case-control study has been performed on the relationship between polymorphisms in CFAP65 and male infertility in any population. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the correlation between the polymorphism CFAP65 rs117885048 and male infertility in a Vietnamese population comprising 207 infertile men and 217 healthy controls. As a result, the studied population followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (p> 0.05) and the frequencies of genotypes CC/CT/TT were 0.875, 0.12, and 0.003, respectively. The Chi-square test revealed no association between the polymorphism CFAP65 rs117885048 and the disease in this population (p > 0.05). To further interpret the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CFAP65 gene and male infertility, a more comprehensive study with other polymorphisms needs to be considered.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81556631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A homozygous variant in G6PC in a Vietnamese patient with glycogen storage disease type Ia","authors":"Nguyen Huu Hong Thu, Nguyen Thi Khanh Ly, Nguyen Thuy Duong","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/17090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17090","url":null,"abstract":"Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are rare inherited metabolic disorders characterized by the absence of required enzymes for the glycogen degradation metabolism. GSD can be divided into more than 12 types based on enzyme deficiency and affected tissues, in which glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD1a or von Gierke disease) is a liver-affecting form. GSD1a is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the G6PC gene on chromosome 17q21. The present study reports a Vietnamese family with a 6-month-old male patient diagnosed with type Ia glycogen storage disease. A homozygous variant in the G6PC gene (NM_000151.3: c.518T>C; p.L173P) was detected in the proband using a comprehensive glycogen storage disease panel. This variant has been previously reported in ClinVar (Accession ClinVar: VCV000640818.3). The segregation of the variant was confirmed in ten people of a 3-generation family using Sanger sequencing. The results showed both parents were heterozygous for the variant. In addition, the variant c.518T>C in the G6PC gene was predicted to be deleterious using in silico prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Proven, REVEL, and MutPred2). Our results could help doctors decide on appropriate treatment and diet for the disease. Moreover, the study is also a contribution to molecular studies on GSD1a.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76628607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of fermentation medium for spore production of Paenibacillus polymyxa IN937a and its antifungal activity","authors":"Pham Trung Hieu, Tran Dai Lam, Le The Tam, Vu Thi Thoa, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao, Ho Tu Cuong, Vu Dinh Hoang, Le Dang Quang","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/17202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17202","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we optimized the fermentation medium for spore production of Paenibacillus polymyxa IN937a. Seven factors including molasses, glucose, magnesium sulfate, potassium pyrophosphate, yeast extract, zinc sulfate, and ammonium sulfate are selected as the basis for the screening of factors affecting the spore production of P. polymyxa IN937a by the Plackett-Burman experiment. Based on the analysis of the Plackett-Burman matrix, the result showed that yeast extract, molasses, and ammonium sulfate were the three main impact factors (P < 0.05), which affected the yield of P. polymyxa IN937a spores. Then, the optimum combination of the three factors was subsequently optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design to increase the spore production in P. polymyxa IN937a fermentation. The obtained results by RSM predicted that maximum spore density of P. polymyxa IN937a was 6.606×109 spore/mL after 48 hours of the experiment when the appropriate medium for the spore production of P. polymyxa IN937a included yeast extract 14.44 g/L, molasses 19.14 g/L, and ammonium sulfate 0.20 g/L. In addition, the antifungal activity of P. polymyxa IN937a was also tested in this study. The preliminary results of in vitro antifungal activity indicated that P. polymyxa IN937a had a good inhibition on the growth of two phytopathogenic fungal strains Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani. These results could be used for further research on the fermentation of P. polymyxa IN937a on a pilot scale to obtain the optimal number of spores for use in the development of biological crop protection products.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78218872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure for an indica rice variety-Khang Dan 18","authors":"Bui Phuong Thao, Nguyen Thi Linh, Nguyen Van Manh, Ly Khanh Linh, Chu Hoang Ha, Do Tien Phat, Pham Bich Ngoc","doi":"10.15625/1811-4989/17200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17200","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to traditional methods, advanced biotechnologies, especially CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, have emerged as effective tools for improving important agronomic traits in rice. However, the critical step for utilizing these systems is to develope an effective system for rice transformation and regeneration. This study was performed to establish procedures for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of rice cultivar Khang Dan 18 (KD18) – a popular indica variety in the North of Vietnam. The tissue cultures procedure with optimized medium compositions showed high frequencies of callus induction and shoot regeneration, at 94.7% and 45.3% respectively. We found that 30 mg/L of hygromycin was an effective concentration for transgenic KD18 selection. Light-yellow friable calli were used as the starting material for transformation mediated by A. tumefaciens strain AGL1 harbouring pHUE411 vector containing gus intron and hygromycin resistance gene (hptII). Important factors related to transformation procedure had been optimized in this study. The high transformation frequency (12.8%) was achieved by using the optimized procedure for KD18 cultivar. In which, bacterial density (OD600), infection time and co-cultivation period were performed at 0.1, 20 minutes and 3 days, respectively. PCR analysis using specific primers and the histological GUS staining demonstrated the presence of hptII and gus genes in transgenic rice lines. This result provides a potential protocol to transfer genes of interest into KD18 as well as other indica rice cultivars.","PeriodicalId":23622,"journal":{"name":"Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84351593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}