Welding International最新文献_第6页

Effects of Rotational Speed on the Mechanical Properties and Performance of AA6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy in Similar Rotary Friction Welding 转速对AA6061-T6铝合金类似旋转摩擦焊接力学性能的影响

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2265811

Agus Sasmito, Mochammad Noer Ilman, Priyo Tri Iswanto

{"title":"Effects of Rotational Speed on the Mechanical Properties and Performance of AA6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy in Similar Rotary Friction Welding","authors":"Agus Sasmito, Mochammad Noer Ilman, Priyo Tri Iswanto","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2265811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2265811","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSimilar rotary friction welding with AA6061-T6 rod material was carried out at four variations of rotational speed in order to study the effect of rotational speed on the joint properties. The increasing of rotational speed produce higher hardness value in DRZ area. i.e., the lowest microhardness value in the DRZ area was 129 VHN at 380 rpm and increased to 192 VHN at 1700 rpm due to a grain refinement process that increased the hardness as the Hall-Petch equation. Otherwise, in the HAZ and TMAZ area, the microhardness profile has a decreasing trend due to the welding rotation increases. All welded joints have a lower strength than the base metal about 68% for tensile and 83% for fatigue. The observations on the fracture surface of tensile and fatigue test showed that the fracture's area occurs in the same region where the lowest microhardness and roughness grain size occur.Keywords: Aluminium AA6061rotary friction weldingthermal cyclefatigue strengthDisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of low frequency vibration-assisted shielded metal arc welding on the properties of mild steel 低频振动辅助保护金属电弧焊对低碳钢性能的影响

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2251377

R. Ranjan, S. Jha

{"title":"Effect of low frequency vibration-assisted shielded metal arc welding on the properties of mild steel","authors":"R. Ranjan, S. Jha","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2251377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2251377","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vibration-assisted welding (VAW) has emerged to be a feasible alternative to thermal and post-weld vibration treatments for arc welds in order to minimize stress concentrations and distortions thereby improving mechanical characteristics. Limited research is available considering low frequency vibration. The main objective is to develop an experimental setup to analyze the properties of welded connections made with shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) using low-frequency mechanical vibrations. Mild steel (MS) plates with dimensions of 100 mm by 50 mm and thickness of 5 mm are considered in this study. Heat inputs of 80 Amps, 100 Amps and 120 Amps were taken into consideration as input current. Vibration was varied between 0 and 100 Hz at every 20 Hz interval to study the Hardness, Tensile Strength and Impact Strength of welded joints. Microstructure of welded MS plates has been analyzed using SEM analysis. Experimental results revealed improved mechanical properties due to the application of low-frequency vibrations that may tend to increase the welding speed thus reducing time and enabling stronger, durable and reliable welded joints. A fine grain structure is seen for Low-frequency vibration-assisted welded butt joints implying improved mechanical properties due to excitation of weld pool.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":"37 1","pages":"437 - 444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41624960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructural analysis of cooling tank-assisted hybrid friction stir welded aluminium alloys: a novel approach 冷却罐辅助混合搅拌摩擦焊接铝合金的微观结构分析：一种新方法

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2251378

Rajnish Singh, Yogesh Kumar

{"title":"Microstructural analysis of cooling tank-assisted hybrid friction stir welded aluminium alloys: a novel approach","authors":"Rajnish Singh, Yogesh Kumar","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2251378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2251378","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The friction stir welding process is a solid-state technique for joining similar and dissimilar alloys. The advanced fixture was designed and fabricated for welding of the aluminum plate by a hybrid fabricated fixture on a vertical milling center. The storage tank was designed and attached at the bottom of the base plate of the fixture. The three different cooling media used in the cooling tank as air, water, and coolant. The welded samples were examined for mechanical and metallurgical performance. The optimization of process parameters was done for the tensile Test as output. The coolant as a fluid in the tank results in maximum tensile strength at 500 rpm. The microstructural characterization of the heat-affected zone was also done. The weld thinning and quenching are the main problems of direct cooled FSW. This problem is not found in the indirect cooled FSW welding method. The storage tank provided uniform heating and cooling during welding that reduced the thermal quench and microstructural problems. The SEM and EDX mapping images showed the effect of different cooling media on the FSW samples. The microhardness was analyzed to identify different microstructural zone and the hardness of welded part.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":"37 1","pages":"445 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Deep learning for anomaly detection in wire-arc additive manufacturing 深度学习在线弧增材制造中的异常检测

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2252733

Mukesh Chandra, Abhinav Kumar, Sumit K. Sharma, K. H. Kazmi, Sonu Rajak

{"title":"Deep learning for anomaly detection in wire-arc additive manufacturing","authors":"Mukesh Chandra, Abhinav Kumar, Sumit K. Sharma, K. H. Kazmi, Sonu Rajak","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2252733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2252733","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is becoming the most important metal additive manufacturing process in many industries. In this paper, one of the common problems of irregularity in the metal deposition in WAAM has been addressed and solved using machine learning (ML). A deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to classify the two classes of deposited beads, i.e. ‘regular bead’ and ‘irregular bead’. A digital camera was installed with a WAAM setup to obtain the images of beads after deposition. A single layer of deposition was conducted on a substrate using aluminium 5356 alloy filler wire using robotic-controlled gas-metal arc welding (GMAW) setup. The performance of the ML model was validated using classification accuracy and processing time. The developed CNN model was checked with three types of proposed datasets. The dataset containing the training and testing ratio of 60:40 achieved an accuracy of 86.53% and 88.08% with 30 and 60 epochs respectively for testing. The proposed ML model was successful in anomaly detection in the deposited bead of WAAM and hence it helps in improving the quality of deposited layers and mechanical properties of fabricated parts.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":"37 1","pages":"457 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49058761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of numerical model in ring mash welding 环坯焊接数值模型的建立

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2222488

Yasuo Kadoya, Yuki Oshino, H. Nishimura, Fumiaki Toyama, S. Yamane

{"title":"Development of numerical model in ring mash welding","authors":"Yasuo Kadoya, Yuki Oshino, H. Nishimura, Fumiaki Toyama, S. Yamane","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2222488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2222488","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When metals are joined by welding, the strength and other qualities of the products vary greatly depending on the welding conditions. In this paper, authors focus on ring mash welding used for powertrain components that transmit engine drive. This welding is required to be strong enough to withstand large loads. However, it is difficult to find appropriate welding conditions because there are many welding parameters, such as the welding current, applied force and shapes to be welded. Moreover, since the welding point is inside the base metal, it is difficult to understand the phenomena and the deformation process during welding. Therefore, it takes much time to determine welding conditions through repeated experiments and to develop and improve the welding process. Since the numerical analysis of welding phenomena is supported by theoretical analysis and plays an important role in quality assurance of welded products, the authors tried to make the numerical model using the fundamental experimental results. In this study, the visualization of the phenomena and the relationship between the welding current and the applied force made clear using the numerical simulation. The effect of welding conditions on the welding results when they are varied.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":"37 1","pages":"481 - 491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46115718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strengthening of Al/Cu dissimilar joint due to complicated interface produced by pulsed TIG welding with a constricted nozzle 缩喷嘴脉冲TIG焊界面复杂对Al/Cu异种接头的强化作用

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2234693

Hajime Yamamoto, Yusuke Yanagi, Kazuhiro Ito, Hisaya Komen, Manabu Tanaka, Akihisa Murata

{"title":"Strengthening of Al/Cu dissimilar joint due to complicated interface produced by pulsed TIG welding with a constricted nozzle","authors":"Hajime Yamamoto, Yusuke Yanagi, Kazuhiro Ito, Hisaya Komen, Manabu Tanaka, Akihisa Murata","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2234693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2234693","url":null,"abstract":"Al/Cu dissimilar welding is a key technology for weight reduction in fabricating high-functional products, however, conventional tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is difficult to be applied due to a large fusion area. The constricted nozzle equipped inside the conventional TIG torch has been developed and can improve the position accuracy of tungsten electrode and arc plasma characteristics, moreover increase the heat input density. In this study, 0.5 mm-thick Al and Cu dissimilar sheets were butt welded using pulsed TIG welding with the constricted nozzle under two welding speed-current combinations of 50 mm/s-85 A and 100 mm/s-105 A. The 50 mm/s-85 A joint exhibited that Al and Cu mixed each other in the entire weld metal, containing two intermetallic compounds (IMC) of Al2Cu and Al4Cu9 mainly in the Al side. In contrast, both elements hardly mixed each other in the 100 mm/s-105 A weld metal and the interface exhibited hook-like shape at a nearly constant pitch, depending on the welding speed and pulse frequency. Consequently, the formation of IMC layers was limited. Based on the three-dimensional images reconstructed using a serial sectioning technique, the hook-shaped Al/Cu interface was also formed inside the weld metal. The mixed-zone volume per unit weld length of the 100 mm/s-105 A joint was estimated to be about 0.12 mm3/mm, and is much smaller than that of the 50 mm/s-85 A joint (0.97 mm3/mm). The average tensile strength of the 100 mm/s-105 A joint were higher than those of the 50 mm/s-85 A joint, suggesting that the hook-shaped Al/Cu interface together with the reduced mixed zone seems to increase the joint strength.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135707574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct bonding of Ni nanoparticles to a semiconductor Al electrode in air and its form 镍纳米颗粒与半导体铝电极在空气中的直接结合及其形式

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2230657

Yasunori Tanaka, K. Koshiba, T. Iizuka, Mayumi Ito, K. Higashimine, K. Tatsumi

{"title":"Direct bonding of Ni nanoparticles to a semiconductor Al electrode in air and its form","authors":"Yasunori Tanaka, K. Koshiba, T. Iizuka, Mayumi Ito, K. Higashimine, K. Tatsumi","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2230657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2230657","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research group evaluated the bondability of sinter bonding using Ni nanoparticles, which have a high melting point and excellent corrosion resistance, as a new metal nanoparticle bonding material, and found that bonding is possible at bonding temperatures below 400 °C when the particle size is less than 100 nm. Furthermore it was found that Ni nanoparticles can be directly bonded to Al, which is considered difficult to bond directly with solder materials containing tin (Sn) or lead (Pb), and that high bonding strength can be obtained. In addition, the bonding strength of Ni nanoparticles to Al was higher when bonded in air than in a reduction atmosphere of N2+H2 (3%), indicating that there were differences in bonding properties depending on the bonding atmosphere. In this study, we compared the bonding properties to Al in different bonding atmospheres. In the N2+H2 (3%) reducing atmosphere, the bonding strength was not increased even when the bonding temperature was increased. On the other hand, the bonding strength was significantly increased with increasing bonding temperature over 330 °C in air. The failure mode was also rupture in the bonding layer, and good bonding was achieved at the Ni/Al bonding interface. Observation of the bonding interface between Ni nanoparticles and Al using Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed the presence of an interlayer of oxide film at both bonding interfaces in air and in the N2+H2 (3%) reduction atmosphere. And the oxide layer at the interface bonded in air was thicker, indicating that the structure at the interface between the Ni layer, the oxide layer and the Al layer has changed. It was suggested that the difference in oxide film formation behavior, structure, and thickness affects the bondability due to the difference in the bonding atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":"73 1","pages":"666 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139355085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructure of the interface between aluminum alloy and galvannealed steel plates jointed by FSSW multi-step loading process 通过 FSSW 多步加载工艺连接的铝合金和镀锌钢板界面的微观结构

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2230650

Iori Kojima, C. Iwamoto, Yuka Shimizu, T. Matsuda, A. Hirose

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of solidification cracking susceptibility factors in carbon steel and availability of Ti addition based on theoretical analysis 基于理论分析的碳钢凝固开裂易损性因素评估及钛添加量的可用性

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2230658

N. Sahara, Shotaro Yamashita, K. Ono, K. Saida

{"title":"Evaluation of solidification cracking susceptibility factors in carbon steel and availability of Ti addition based on theoretical analysis","authors":"N. Sahara, Shotaro Yamashita, K. Ono, K. Saida","doi":"10.1080/09507116.2023.2230658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2023.2230658","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study conducted a basic investigation to improve the solidification cracking susceptibility of carbon steel. BTR is one of the susceptibilities to solidification cracking, and it is said that solidification cracking susceptibility is reduced when BTR is smaller. BTR of three commercial filler metals was evaluated by using Trans-Varestraint test. EPMA and EDS analysis of the weld metal microstructure revealed two compounds. The white structure was composed of silicon, manganese, and sulphur, and the black structure was Ti-based compound. Theoretical analysis of BTR was conducted by applying a two-phase peritectic solidification model in FA mode and considering MnS crystallization during solidification segregation. The analysis results indicated that BTR of carbon steel is attributed to the difference in solidification completion temperatures, and carbon is the most deleterious element. Also, MX compound (Ti, C, N) crystallized in addition to MnS at the end of solidification. Theoretical analysis was conducted for Ti virtual addition materials because MX compound (Ti, C, N) crystallization by Ti addition may lead to BTR reduction by trapping C in the liquid phase. The results showed that Ti addition reduced BTR. The amount of C in the residual liquid phase was reduced by an increase in MX compound (Ti, C, N) crystallization due to Ti addition. Based on theoretical considerations, it can be concluded that Ti addition to carbon steel is effective in reducing BTR.","PeriodicalId":23605,"journal":{"name":"Welding International","volume":"46 1","pages":"708 - 717"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139362332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-speed hot-wire laser brazing technology for steel/aluminum alloy dissimilar joint using twin beam irradiation 采用双束辐照的钢/铝合金异种接头高速热丝激光钎焊技术

Welding International Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/09507116.2023.2230647

Tamaki Ito, J. Choi, Motomichi Yamamoto, K. Taniguchi, Y. Okita, H. Matsuda

引用次数: 0