Jose P Lopez-Lopez, Ana Maria Gonzalez, Paola Lanza, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
{"title":"Benefits of the Polypill on Medication Adherence in the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Jose P Lopez-Lopez, Ana Maria Gonzalez, Paola Lanza, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S421024","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S421024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher medication adherence reduces the risk of new cardiovascular events. However, there are individual and health system barriers that lead to lower adherence. The polypill has demonstrated benefits in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality mainly driven by an increase in adherence. We aim to evaluate the impact of the polypill on adherence to cardiovascular medication, its efficacy and safety in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Databases were searched from January 2003 to December 2022. We included randomized, pragmatic, or real-world clinical trials and observational studies. The primary outcome was medication adherence, secondary outcomes were efficacy in cardiovascular disease in primary and secondary prevention and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 490 publications screened, 13 met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into a comparative table Of those included, 70% were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 53.8% focused on secondary prevention. Most of the studies received a high and moderate quality rating. Self-report, pill counting and, the Morisky scale were the most frequent methods to evaluate adherence (84.6%). Compared with standard medication, the polypill improved overall medication adherence by 13%, with percentages ranging from 7.6% to 34.9%. Moreover, a potential benefit was also observed in reducing Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), particularly in secondary prevention studies, with hazard ratios ranged between 0.43 to 0.76. Compared to standard care, the profile of side effects was similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The polypill is an effective, safe, and practical strategy to improve adherence in people at risk of CVD. Although there is a demonstrated benefit in reducing MACE, predominantly in secondary prevention, there are still gaps in its efficacy in primary prevention and reducing total mortality. Therefore, the importance of obtaining long-term results of the polypill effect and how this strategy can be implemented in real practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"605-615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/82/23/vhrm-19-605.PMC10504901.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10307990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survival status and predictors of mortality among adult Stroke patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center, South west Ethiopia: A retrospective Cohort study.","authors":"Wakgari Mosisa, Yenealem Gezehagn, Guta Kune, Melese Chego, Hamba Fida Yigezu, Masrie Getnet","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S399815","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S399815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease death in sub-Saharan Africa and the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In 2016, 6.23% of all fatalities in Ethiopia were stroke-related.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess survival status and predictors of mortality among adult stroke patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center from April 1/2017 to March 31/2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 480 adult stroke patients selected by simple random sampling from patients admitted to the Jimma University Medical Center Stroke Unit from April 1, 2017 to March 31, 2022. Data were extracted from May to June 2022 and entered Epi-data v.3.1 and analyzed by R v.4.2. The Kaplan-Meier curve with Log rank test was used to estimate survival time and to compare survival experience between categories of explanatory variables. The Cox regression model was computed to identify predictors of survival status in stroke patients. Then the 95% CI of the hazard ratio was set with corresponding p-value < 0.05 to declare statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 4350 person-days of follow-up; 88 (18.33%) patients died; resulting in an incidence mortality of 20.23 per 1000 person-days, with a median survival time of 38 days. Glasgow coma score <8 on admission (AHR = 7.71; 95% CI: 3.78, 15.69), dyslipidemia (AHR = 3.96; 95% CI: 2.04, 7.69), aspiration pneumonia (AHR 2.30; 95% CI: 1.23-4.26), and increased intracranial pressure (AHR = 4.27; 95% CI: 2.33, 7.81), were the independent predictors of the time until death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of stroke mortality was higher at the seven and fourteen days. Glasgow Coma Scale, increased intracranial pressure, dyslipidemia, and aspiration pneumonia were independent predictors of mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"527-541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/00/6a/vhrm-19-527.PMC10464890.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10125509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Zhang, Zhigeng Jin, Hao Wang, Yutao Guo, Gregory Y H Lip
{"title":"Structured Rehabilitation for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Based on an Integrated Care Approach: Protocol for a Prospective, Observational Cohort Study.","authors":"Hui Zhang, Zhigeng Jin, Hao Wang, Yutao Guo, Gregory Y H Lip","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S407974","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S407974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guideline-recommended integrated care based on the ABC (Atrial fibrillation Better Care) pathway for \"general\" patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) improves clinical outcomes, as demonstrated in our prior mobile Atrial Fibrillation Application (mAFA)-II cluster randomized trial. The present study aims to investigate whether mAFA III-supported structured follow-up rehabilitation packages adapted to patient risk profiles and different treatment patterns (eg, for patients receiving drug treatment only, AF ablation, or left atrial appendage occlusion [LAAO]) will improve guideline adherence and reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>In this prospective, observational mAFA III pilot cohort study, patients with AF aged ≥ 18 years will be enrolled using the mAFA III App for self-management. Assuming an annual rate of composite outcome of \"ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism, all-cause death and cardiovascular hospitalization\" of 29.3% for non-ABC pathway compliance compared with 20.8% for ABC pathway compliance, at least 1475 patients would be needed to detect the outcome of the A, B and C components of the ABC pathway, assuming a withdrawal rate of 20% in the first year. The primary endpoint is adherence to guidelines regarding the A, B and C components of the ABC pathway. Ancillary analyses will be performed to determine the impact of the ABC pathway using smart technologies on the outcomes among the \"high-risk\" population (eg, ≥75 years old, with multimorbidities, with polypharmacy) and the application of artificial intelligence machine-learning AF risk prediction management in assessing AF recurrence. The individualised anticoagulants with AF burden will be monitored by smart devices.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>ISRCTN13724416.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"485-494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/4d/vhrm-19-485.PMC10402885.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnancy: Challenges and Solutions.","authors":"Dimitrios Varrias, Michail Spanos, Damianos G Kokkinidis, Panagiotis Zoumpourlis, Dimitrios Rafail Kalaitzopoulos","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S404537","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S404537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious medical condition that can lead to severe morbidity and mortality, making it a significant public health concern. VTE is a multifactorial condition that results from the interaction of genetic, acquired, and environmental factors. Physiological changes during pregnancy increase the risk of VTE as they express Virchow's triad (increased coagulation factors, decreased fibrinolysis, trauma, and venous stasis). Moreover, pregnancy-related risk factors, such as advanced maternal age, obesity, multiple gestations, and cesarean delivery, further increase the risk of VTE. Managing VTE in pregnancy is challenging due to the complexity of balancing the risks and benefits of anticoagulant therapy for both the mother and the fetus. A multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, hematologists, and neonatologists, is necessary to ensure optimal outcomes for both the mother and baby. This review aims to discuss the current challenges associated with VTE in pregnancy and identify potential solutions for improving outcomes for pregnant women at risk for VTE.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"469-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3f/8d/vhrm-19-469.PMC10364824.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9872710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuni Choi, David R Jacobs, Holly J Kramer, Gautam R Shroff, Alexander R Chang, Daniel A Duprez
{"title":"Racial Differences and Contributory Cardiovascular and Non-Cardiovascular Risk Factors Towards Chronic Kidney Disease Progression.","authors":"Yuni Choi, David R Jacobs, Holly J Kramer, Gautam R Shroff, Alexander R Chang, Daniel A Duprez","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S416395","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S416395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is higher in Black than in White Americans. We evaluated CKD progression in Black and White participants and the contribution of biological risk factors. We included the study of lung function (measured by forced vital capacity [FVC]), which is part of the emerging notion of interorgan cross-talk with the kidneys to racial differences in CKD progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This longitudinal study included 2175 Black and 2207 White adult Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) participants. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured at study year 10 (age 27-41y) and every five years for 20 years. The outcome was CKD progression through no CKD, low, moderate, high, or very high-risk categories based on eGFR and UACR in combination. The association between race and CKD progression as well as the contribution of risk factors to racial differences were assessed in multivariable-adjusted Cox models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Black participants had higher CKD transition probabilities than White participants and more prevalent risk factors during the 20-year period studied. Hazard ratios for CKD transition for Black (vs White participants) were 1.38 from No CKD into ≥ low risk, 2.25 from ≤ low risk into ≥ moderate risk, and 4.49 from ≤ moderate risk into ≥ high risk. Racial differences in CKD progression from No CKD into ≥ low risk were primarily explained by FVC (54.8%), hypertension (30.9%), and obesity (20.8%). In contrast, racial differences were less explained in more severe transitions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Black participants had a higher risk of CKD progression, and this discrepancy may be partly explained by FVC and conventional risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"433-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ce/6a/vhrm-19-433.PMC10350429.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9847141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael S Albosta, Jelani K Grant, Pam Taub, Roger S Blumenthal, Seth S Martin, Erin D Michos
{"title":"Inclisiran: A New Strategy for LDL-C Lowering and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Michael S Albosta, Jelani K Grant, Pam Taub, Roger S Blumenthal, Seth S Martin, Erin D Michos","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S338424","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S338424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple lines of evidence confirm that the cumulative burden of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is causally related to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As such, lowering LDL-C is a central tenet in all ASCVD prevention guidelines, which recommend matching the intensity of LDL-C lowering with the absolute risk of the patient. Unfortunately, issues such as difficulty with long-term adherence to statin therapy and inability to achieve desired LDL-C thresholds with statins alone results in residual elevated ASCVD risk. Non-statin therapies generally provide similar risk reduction per mmol/L of LDL-C reduction and are included by major society guidelines as part of the treatment algorithm for managing LDL-C. Per the 2022 American College of Cardiology Expert Consensus Decision Pathway, patients with ASCVD are recommended to achieve both an LDL-C reduction ≥50% and an LDL-C threshold of <55 mg/dL in patients at very high-risk and <70 mg/dL in those not at very high risk. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) but without ASCVD should lower LDL-C to <100 mg/dL. For patients who remain above LDL-C thresholds with maximally tolerated statin therapy plus lifestyle changes, non-statin therapy warrants strong consideration. While several non-statin therapies have been granted FDA approval for managing hypercholesterolemia (eg, ezetimibe, Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 [PCSK9] monoclonal antibodies, and bempedoic acid), the focus of the current review is on inclisiran, a novel small interfering RNA therapy that inhibits the production of the PCSK9 protein. Inclisiran is currently FDA approved as an adjunct to statin therapy in patients with clinical ASCVD or heterozygous FH who require additional LDL-lowering. The drug is administered by subcutaneous injection twice a year, after an initial baseline and 3 month dose. In this review, we sought to provide an overview of the use of inclisiran, review current trial data, and outline an approach to potential patient selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"421-431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/9a/vhrm-19-421.PMC10332363.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Associated with Increased Length of Stay in Post Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Firman Sugiharto, Yanny Trisyani, Aan Nuraeni, Ristina Mirwanti, Azalia Melati Putri, Nuraulia Aghnia Armansyah","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S413899","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S413899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several studies identify factors affecting increased length of stay (LOS) in patients with post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, there has not been a review study that synthesizes these results. This study aimed to describe the duration of LOS and factors associated with increased LOS among patients with STEMI after PPCI. This study used scoping review using EBSCO-host Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords used in English were \"adults OR middle-aged\" AND \"length of stay OR hospital stay\" AND \"primary percutaneous coronary intervention OR PPCI\" AND \"myocardial infarction OR coronary infarction OR cardiovascular disease\". The inclusion criteria for articles were: the article was a full-text in English; the sample was STEMI patients who had undergone a PPCI procedure; and the article discussed the LOS. We found 13 articles discussing the duration and factors affecting LOS in patients post-PPCI. The duration of LOS was the fastest 48 hours, and the longest of LOS was 10.2 days. Factors influencing LOS are categorized into three predictors: low, moderate, and high. Post-procedure complications after PPCI was the most influential factors in increasing the LOS duration. Professional health workers, especially nurses, can identify various factors that can be modified to prevent complications and worsen disease prognosis to increase LOS efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"329-340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/20/96/vhrm-19-329.PMC10253007.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9673679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome in COVID-19: A Contemporary Review of Mechanisms, Clinical Course and Management.","authors":"Bharat Narasimhan, Arundhati Calambur, Errol Moras, Lingling Wu, Wilbert Aronow","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S380270","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S380270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long-term implications of COVID-19 have garnered increasing interest in recent months, with Long-COVID impacting over 65 million individuals worldwide. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) has emerged as an important component of the Long-COVID umbrella, estimated to affect between 2 and 14% of survivors. POTS remains very challenging to diagnose and manage - this review aims to provide a brief overview of POTS as a whole and goes on to summarize the available literature pertaining to POTS in the setting of COVID-19. We provide a review of available clinical reports, outline proposed pathophysiological mechanisms and end with a brief note on management considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"303-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/4c/vhrm-19-303.PMC10187582.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9498778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Potential of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) as Biomarkers and Their Association with the Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Bernap Dwi Putra Sitinjak, Niky Murdaya, Tiara Anisya Rachman, Neily Zakiyah, Melisa Intan Barliana","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S405039","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S405039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human genetic analyses and epidemiological studies showed a potential association between several types of gene polymorphism and the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Many studies on this pertinent topic need to be investigated further to reach an evidence-based conclusion. Therefore, in this current review, we describe several types of gene polymorphisms that are potentially linked to CHD. A systematic review using the databases EBSCO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases was searched until October of 2022 to find relevant studies on the topic of gene polymorphisms on risk factors for CHD, especially for the factors associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The risk of bias and quality assessment was evaluated by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. From keyword search results, a total of 6243 articles were identified, which were subsequently narrowed to 14 articles using prespecified inclusion criteria. The results suggested that there were 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can potentially increase the risk factors and clinical symptoms of CHD. This study also indicated that gene polymorphisms had a potential role in increasing CHD risk factors that were causally associated with atherosclerosis, increased homocysteine, immune/inflammatory response, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), arterial lesions, and reduction of therapeutic effectiveness. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that SNPs may increase risk factors for CHD and SNPs show different effects between individuals. This demonstrates that knowledge of SNPs on CHD risk factors can be used to develop biomarkers for diagnostics and therapeutic response prediction to decide successful therapy and become the basis for defining personalized medicine in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"289-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/1d/vhrm-19-289.PMC10167955.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9460591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lubna Al Asoom, Maha A Alassaf, Najd S AlSulaiman, Dhuha N Boumarah, Aldana M Almubireek, Gaeda K Alkaltham, Hussain A Alhawaj, Taleb Alkhamis, Nazish Rafique, Ahmed Alsunni, Rabia Latif, Seham Alsaif, Dana Almohazey, Sayed AbdulAzeez, J Francis Borgio
{"title":"The Effectiveness of <i>Nigella sativa</i> and Ginger as Appetite Suppressants: An Experimental Study on Healthy Wistar Rats.","authors":"Lubna Al Asoom, Maha A Alassaf, Najd S AlSulaiman, Dhuha N Boumarah, Aldana M Almubireek, Gaeda K Alkaltham, Hussain A Alhawaj, Taleb Alkhamis, Nazish Rafique, Ahmed Alsunni, Rabia Latif, Seham Alsaif, Dana Almohazey, Sayed AbdulAzeez, J Francis Borgio","doi":"10.2147/VHRM.S396295","DOIUrl":"10.2147/VHRM.S396295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a global pandemic that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Natural herbs are commonly used for weight reduction and appetite suppression. Therefore, we aim to investigate the role and mechanism of <i>Nigella sativa</i> (NS) and ginger on weight reduction and appetite regulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study was performed at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Twenty-five female rats were distributed into 5 groups: NS (oral 1000mg/kg), Ginger (500 mg/kg), NS-ginger (both interventions), a positive control (intraperitoneal 50 μg/kg Liraglutide), and a negative control. Each intervention was given for 9 weeks. Food intake and body weight were assessed weekly. Serum lipid profile and peptides involved in appetite control (cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), ghrelin, peptide YY, and orexin) were assayed at the end of the experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the interventions showed a statistically significant difference regarding food consumption or weight gain (p > 0.05). However, the three interventions significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), NS and NS-ginger significantly increased HDL, NS increased ghrelin and ginger increased orexin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present dose and duration of NS, ginger, or in combination did not demonstrate a significant change in body weight or food consumption in comparison to the negative or positive controls. However, NS or ginger has improved the lipid profile by reducing TC and increasing HDL. In addition, NS or ginger can influence some of the peptides involved in appetite regulation such as the increase in ghrelin induced by NS and the reduction of orexin induced by ginger. We believe that these latter effects are novel and might indicate a promising effect of these natural products on appetite regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23597,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Health and Risk Management","volume":"19 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/da/vhrm-19-1.PMC9840438.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10549411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}