Urologia Journal最新文献

{"title":"Patient tolerance during rigid cystoscopy: An observational study comparing lignocaine hydrochloride gel and tramadol with lignocaine.","authors":"Kumar Rajiv Ranjan, Kuryappilly Venugopal Vishnu Sankar, Debansu Sarkar, Dilip Kumar Pal","doi":"10.1177/03915603251316703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03915603251316703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the field of urology, cystoscopy is one of the most common operations. A rigid cystoscope was used for each cystoscopy in this investigation. Given its dual function as a lubricant and local anesthetic, topical lignocaine gel is the most often utilized agent. However, there is currently no established protocol that evaluates the patient's tolerance to lignocaine gel alone or in conjunction with tramadol throughout the treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>It was a prospective comparative observational study with 200 male participants, conducted at the department of urology, a tertiary care hospital. Male patients who came for rigid cystoscopy were divided into 2 groups. In Group A (<i>n</i> = 100) 10 ml 2% lignocaine gel and in group B (<i>n</i> = 100) 1 ml tramadol (50 mg) solution added to +10 ml 2% lignocaine gel and it was instilled transurethrally 10 min before the procedure respectively in both groups at room temperature. The patient's tolerance during the procedure was assessed using Visual Analog Score (VAS) score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Group A and Group B there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age (<i>p</i> = 0.393). There was a significant difference in terms of VAS score (<i>p</i> = < 0.001), with the median Score being lower in the Lignocaine gel + tramadol group and higher when lignocaine gel + tramadol used among patients with Diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The instillation of lignocaine gel in conjunction with tramadol in urethra could decrease pain perception during the procedure except in people with diabetes mellitus, hence make men undergoing rigid cystoscopy more comfortable during the procedure there by increase diagnostic and therapeutic outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"3915603251316703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there a correlation between urodynamics findings and clinical outcomes in females with idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome (OAB).","authors":"Faris Abushamma, Mais Bishara, Mhmod Holy, Sandy Obeidat, Mobarak Egbaria, Rola Abu Alwafa, Amir Aghbar, Hashim Hashim","doi":"10.1177/03915603251318870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03915603251318870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates the intricate relationship between urodynamic findings and clinical symptoms in females with overactive bladder (OAB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study, conducted at a tertiary university hospital, included female patients with positive detrusor overactivity (DO) OAB between November 2020 and November 2023. Patient demographics, OAB symptoms, and responses to anticholinergic treatment were recorded. Different Urodynamic features were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 92 female patients with positive detrusor overactivity (DO) and overactive bladder (OAB) were included. The median age was 49 years (IQR: 30.75-61.75). Among them, 16 (17.4%) were diabetic, 18 (19.6%) had hypertension, and 69 (75%) were regular coffee drinkers. Over half of the participants, 56 (60.9%), were overweight (BMI 25-29.9). The prevalence of key symptoms included frequency in 54 (58.7%), urgency in 73 (79.3%), urgency incontinence in 33 (35.9%), and nocturia in 44 (47.8%). Frequency of urination was more common among non-diabetic patients (41/54, 75.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.04), and urgency was significantly associated with non-smoking status (51/73, 69.9%; <i>p</i> = 0.025). Most patients (84, 91.3%) had phasic DO, with a median maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet DO) of 30 cmH₂O (IQR: 20.0-53.0) and a median cystometric capacity of 385.5 mL (IQR: 296.25-443.75). Frequency was significantly associated with higher maximum Pdet DO pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.049). In terms of treatment response, 81 patients (88.0%) demonstrated a good response to anticholinergic therapy. Non-responders had significantly higher maximum Pdet DO pressure (median 59.0 cmH₂O, IQR: 30.0-66.0) compared to responders (median 30.0 cmH₂O, IQR: 19.5-47.0; <i>p</i> = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The amplitude of DO in female with idiopathic OAB is theoretically and clinically correlated to symptomatology and response to anticholinergic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"3915603251318870"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive factors for functional improvement and assessment of outcomes in CKD patients after PCNL.","authors":"Shivcharan Navriya, Vikram Singh, Kartik Sharma, Deepak Prakash Bhirud, Mahendra Singh, Gautam Ram Choudhary, Arjun Singh Sandhu","doi":"10.1177/03915603251317042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03915603251317042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Patients with urinary stone disease may present with CKD. The incidence of developing end stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with renal calculi is 0.2%-3.2%. In the present study we aim to discuss outcomes of PCNL in CKD patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a prospective observational study done, from January 2023 to March 2024. Data of 96 CKD patients with renal stones who underwent standard PCNL were recorded. Patients were followed up with urinalysis, serum creatinine and ultrasound KUB. Preoperative eGFR were compared with eGFR 36 months follow up. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1- improved and group 2- stable or worsened disease since the final follow up visit.</p><p><strong>Observations and results: </strong>After PCNL renal function improvement was seen in 52 (54%) patients that is, Group I & in 44 (46%) patients it was stable or declined that is, Group II. In Group I, mean preoperative eGFR was 41.13 ± 14.23 ml/min/m² which improved to 46.91 ± 12.14. In Group II mean preoperative eGFR was 37.14 ± 12.32 which declined to 33.17 ± 12.57. The statistically significant factor decreasing the efficacy of PCNL in CKD patients were presence of co morbidities (Hypertension, DM; <i>p</i> = 0.007), staghorn stones (<i>p</i> = 0.001), history of previous renal surgery (<i>p</i> = 0.001), operation time > 100 min (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), post PCNL stone free status(<i>p</i> < 0.0001), and Complications(<i>p</i> = 0.03). After 6 months follow up 8 patients in Group I shifted from CKD stage 4 to CKD stage 3 and four patients in group II shifted from CKD stage 3 to CKD stage 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Factors like presence of comorbidities, staghorn calculus, previous surgery operative time and post operative complications affects improvement of renal function in CKD patients after stone clearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"3915603251317042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of concomitant treatment for Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome.","authors":"Reza Valipour, Behzad Narouie, Arash Rastgou, Mehdi Dadpour, Negar Radpour, Hamidreza Momeni, Amirreza Momeni, Mohadese Ahmadzade, Hamidreza Rouientan, Sajedeh Jadidi, Sara Saygin","doi":"10.1177/03915603251316706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03915603251316706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common and challenging condition with no consensus on the best treatment. Also, based on a search in reputable scientific databases, it was found that so far, no study has been conducted to evaluate the response to treatment with concomitant use of tamsulosin, levofloxacin, and celecoxib in chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety six male patients under 40 years of age with chronic pelvic pain syndrome who met the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients (there was only one group of patients in this study) were treated simultaneously with 3 drugs tamsulosin (0.4 mg), levofloxacin (500 mg), and celecoxib (200 mg) for 1 month and after 1 month of treatment response to treatment (pain relief) according to age factors. Weight, underlying disease, smoking, BMI, prostatitis family history, and education were recorded by the researcher in preprepared data collection forms. The results and information obtained were entered into statistical software and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 42.7% of patients experienced pain relief after treatment. Age, smoking, and family history of prostatitis showed significant relationships with pain reduction. Weight gain decreased the chances of pain reduction (OR = 0.303), while increased BMI (OR = 0.476) and smoking (OR = 0.801) also negatively influenced pain relief.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study showed that the concomitant use of tamsulosin, levofloxacin and celecoxib in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome had acceptable results in reducing the symptoms of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"3915603251316706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse, a case-control study in a tertiary hospital in Iran.","authors":"Farzaneh Sharifiaghdas, Behzad Narouie, Hamideh Hanafi Bojd, Mehdi Dadpour, Niloofar Rostaminejad, Seyed Kasra Motevalli Amini, Parham Torabinavid, Hamidreza Rouientan, Hamidreza Momeni, Negar Radpour, Mohammad Hassan Matin, Sara Saygin","doi":"10.1177/03915603251316701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03915603251316701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pelvic organ descent is a common gynecological disorder called pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Conservative care and surgical repair are women's primary treatments for pelvic organ prolapse. Modifying risk factors is a crucial keystone to reducing its prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This unmatched case-control study was conducted at a Tehran referral hospital (June 15 to September 10, 2020) and involved 287 participants (139 cases, 148 controls). Structured questionnaires gathered socio-demographic, obstetric, health, and lifestyle data. Analyses encompassed univariate and multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among cases, 69 (49.6%) had anterior prolapse, 46 (33.1%) had posterior prolapse, and 24 (17.3%) experienced complete prolapse. The mean age of participants with POP was 62.7 ± 10.7 years compared to 44.5 ± 12.7 years for controls. Risk factors significantly associated with POP included higher BMI (28.01 ± 4.7 vs 26.18 ± 4.6; <i>p</i> = 0.002), gravidity (4.49 ± 2.89 vs 2.18 ± 1.63; <i>p</i> < 0.001), vaginal deliveries (3.60 ± 2.07 vs 1.03 ± 1.57; <i>p</i> < 0.001), prolonged labor (12.2% vs 2.7%; OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 1.61-14.99), and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (30.2% vs 8.8%; OR: 4.49, 95% CI: 2.29-8.83) and hypertension (34.5% vs 6.8%; OR: 7.28, 95% CI: 3.50-15.12). Protective factors included higher education levels and a history of cesarean delivery (mean cesarean count: 0.31 ± 0.72 vs 0.78 ± 0.88; <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights key risk factors for POP among Iranian women, emphasizing the need for targeted preventive strategies. Public health interventions addressing these factors may reduce the burden of POP in developing regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"3915603251316701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thanks to reviewers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03915603251317784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03915603251317784","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"3915603251317784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of sibling couple infertility history with semen parameters of infertile men, a cohort study.","authors":"Iman Menbari Oskouie, Hamed Akhavizadegan, Amir Kasaeian, Shima Esmaeilpanah, Mohammad Lotfi","doi":"10.1177/03915603241278112","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603241278112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Infertility is a growing issue globally, particularly in industrialized cultures, affecting 13%-18% of couples of reproductive ages. In recent years, numerous studies have aimed to identify prognostic factors for infertility and abnormal semen analysis. To date, no study has examined the relationship between the number of infertile siblings and abnormal sperm parameters. This study aims to investigate whether the number of infertile siblings can be considered a prognostic factor for abnormal sperm parameters.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semen samples were collected from the male partners of couples experiencing infertility issues. Study participants completed a questionnaire detailing demographic information including age and family history of infertility. Each participant provided two semen samples, with a minimum 15-day interval between collections. Sperm concentration, motility, and morphology were assessed for each sample. Clinical investigators conducted physical examinations, using an orchidometer to measure testicular size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of infertile brothers and testis volume were prognostic factors for abnormal sperm count (OR = 1.374, <i>p</i>-value = 0.03; OR = 0.786, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001; respectively) and abnormal motility (OR = 1.514, <i>p</i>-value = 0.018; OR = 26.74, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant association between the percentage of abnormal morphology of sperm cells and the mentioned prognostic factors. The optimal cut-off point of the number of infertile brothers for both abnormal sperm count and abnormal sperm motility was one.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is recommended that males with at least one infertile brother, undergo sperm analysis to identify individuals at risk of infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective study investigating the influence of nutritional intervention on biochemical profiles in patients with recurrent urolithiasis.","authors":"Rym Ben Othman, Kahena Bouzid, Amira Ben Sassi, Ouns Naija, Wafa Ferjani, Ramla Mizouri, Ahlem Bartkiz, Khouloud Ammari, Amel Gamoudi, Olfa Berriche, Henda Jamoussi","doi":"10.1177/03915603241283874","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603241283874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, is a condition significantly impacted by dietary habits. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a tailored dietary plan on the crystalluria and biological parameters of patients with different types of kidney stones over a 3-month period.</p><p><strong>Methods and study design: </strong>We conducted a prospective study of 3 months. The study involved patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis. Alongside the medical consultation, a comprehensive dietary survey was performed to assess the patients' nutritional habits. Urinary parameters, including volume, calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and power of hydrogen (pH), were evaluated both before and after the dietary intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>69 patients were involved. There were 17 patients diagnosed with cystine lithiasis, 33 with oxalocalcic lithiasis and 19 with uric lithiasis. After 3 months, only 32 patients revisited for follow-up. There were significant changes (<i>p</i> = 0.002 and 0.04) in urine crystalluria for cystinic and uric lithiasis. For the urinary oxalate variation, there was a significant decrease from T1 (before dietary intervention) to T2 (after dietary intervention), with levels dropping from 0.289 ± 0.10 umol/l to 0.215 ± 0.079 umol/l (<i>p</i> = 0.02).Regarding urinary calcium (calciuria), there was a trend toward a decrease from T1 to T2, although the change was not statistically significant, with levels decreasing from 2.42 ± 1.68 umol/l to 2.14 ± 1.62 umol/l (<i>p</i> = 0.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our research underscores the favorable effects of a tailored and well-balanced diet on both the crystalluria and biological parameters of individuals with recurrent lithiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142354785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transobturator hybrid tape versus synthetic tape in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: A prospective randomized clinical study.","authors":"Islam Mansy, Diab Elsayed, Ahmed Saafan, Safwat E Abouhashem, Ahmed M Eliwa, Ibrahem Ismael Samaha, Kareem M Taha","doi":"10.1177/03915603241293838","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603241293838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the clinical and operative outcomes of transobturator hybrid tape versus synthetic tapes during mid-urethral sling in treating female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This prospective randomized study included 63 women with SUI. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group I included 32 patients who underwent midurethral sling procedure using hybrid tape; and Group II included 31 patients that had synthetic sling, using transobturator tape approach (TOT) in both groups. Two patients in group I lost to follow up and one patient in group II lost to follow up. The primary endpoint was the safety of sling erosion and major complications. The 2ry endpoint was the efficacy that was assessed objectively by the Cough stress test and subjectively by International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) and this was assessed at 1, 6, and 12 months. The following variables were compared: operative time, post-operative pain scores, duration of indwelling urethral catheter, hospital stay, and quality of life (QoL) assessment (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form [ICIQ-UI-SF]) assessing the continence status before and after discharge from hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients among the two groups were normally distributed with no statistical significant difference in patient's demographic data and comorbidities. The hybrid tape procedure had a longer mean (SD) operative time of 45.3 ± 3.6 min, which was longer than that of synthetic tape procedure, at a mean (SD) of 29.5 ± (3.5) min. This increase was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The mean time to return to normal activity was significantly shorter in Group II patients compared to those in Group I. Overall cure rate (defined as no more episodes of SUI or pad use) was statistically insignificant in both groups being 86.7% and 83.3% respectively. No bladder, vascular, nervous or intestinal injuries were encountered in either group. Pain was significantly higher in hybrid tape (Group I). Post operative urgency, and urge incontinence rates were not significantly different between in both groups. Two cases in group 1 and one case in the other group, and these cases were managed by medical treatment. Vaginal sling erosion was encountered in one case in group II which was managed by sling removal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hybrid tape may be considered as a treatment option during TOT for female SUI with comparable efficacy and safety to synthetic tape. Long term follow up should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"154-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"To get to know, to discover, to publish-this is the destiny of a scientist\" (Froinçois Arago).","authors":"Emilio Sacco","doi":"10.1177/03915603251317044","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251317044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}