Urologia Journal最新文献

{"title":"Use of fibrin glue versus martius flap interposition in Trans-vaginal vesicovaginal fistula repair: A prospective randomized trial.","authors":"Sunirmal Choudhury, Papiya Biswas, Prakhar Patel, Surajit Sasmal, Shahbaaz Ahmed","doi":"10.1177/03915603261418997","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603261418997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In vesicovaginal fistula repair, studies have shown the utility of fibrin glue as interpositioning layer. Our goal in this study is to determine the effectiveness of fibrin glue as an interpositioning layer versus martius flap interposition and primary healing alone.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We prospectively analyzed 64 patients over a period of 24 months from February, 2023 to January, 2025 and divided them as group-A in which fistulas were repaired anatomically using fibrin glue interpositioning, group-B in which fistulas were treated using only primary repair and group-C in which Martius flap was used during anatomical surgical repair as an intervening layer between the vaginal repair and bladder repair. The measured data included operative time, length of hospital stay, leak free status at POD 21, PISQ-12 (Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire) questionnaires and post-operative complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The operative time was minimum in Group-B as compared to Group-A & C. (Group-A [183.64 ± 13.46 min.], Group-B [163.33 ± 14.60 min.] & Group-C [218.57 ± 24.75 min.]) which was significant (<i>p</i> = 0.000). The mean post operative hospital stay was minimum in Group-A, which were 7 ± 0.92, 8.19 ± 0.75 and 7.62 ± 0.74 days in A, B, and C groups (<i>p</i> = 0.01), respectively. Leak free status at POD-21 days after removal of catheter was comparable in Group-A & Group-C (Group-A was 90.9% vs 81% in Group-B vs 90.5% in Group-C) (<i>p</i> = 0.541). <b>PISQ-12</b> in Group-A was 23.23 versus 23.76 in Group-B versus 22.14 in Group-C and which was significant (<b><i>p</i> = 0.002</b>).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study revealed that interposing layer in the form of glue is not an inferior option when compared to primary repair alone and martius flap as the total operative time, need for hospital stay and leak free status was comparable with lesser complications and comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"519-526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146194666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tadalafil and tamsulosin in the management of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective, randomized, open-label, comparative study.","authors":"Enoch Tackie, Mathew Yamoah Kyei, James Edward Mensah","doi":"10.1177/03915603261421800","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603261421800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) commonly presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which can significantly impair quality of life in aging men. Tamsulosin, a selective alpha-1 blocker, is widely used for symptom relief. Tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, offers dual benefit for LUTS and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, limited comparative data exist from African populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the efficacy and safety of tadalafil and tamsulosin monotherapy in the management of LUTS due to BPH in men attending a tertiary hospital in Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, randomized, open-label study was conducted over 12 weeks at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. Eighty-two men aged ⩾40 years with moderate to severe LUTS due to BPH were randomized to receive either tadalafil 5 mg or tamsulosin 0.4 mg daily. Baseline, 4-week, and 12-week evaluations included International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine (PVR), and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Statistical analyses included t-tests and linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant improvement in IPSS, QoL, Qmax, and PVR over time. At 12 weeks, Qmax was significantly higher in the tadalafil group compared to tamsulosin (18.7 ± 4.5 vs 16.9 ± 2.6 mL/s, <i>p</i> = 0.045). IPSS improvement was similar across both arms (Tadalafil: -9.3; Tamsulosin: -7.8). Tadalafil significantly improved IIEF-5 scores from 14.0 to 21.0 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas tamsulosin showed minimal change. Subgroup analysis showed tadalafil's erectile function benefit was consistent across demographic and clinical subgroups except in diabetics. Side effects were mild (5.1%) and equally distributed between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tadalafil and tamsulosin are both effective in alleviating LUTS due to BPH. Tadalafil provides additional benefits in erectile function and superior improvement in urinary flow, making it a suitable first-line option, especially for patients with coexisting ED. These findings support individualized treatment decisions based on patient profile and symptom burden in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"409-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146202677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of urethral stricture score (USS) in predicting intraoperative complexity and postoperative outcome in anterior urethral stricture: An observational study.","authors":"Berk Yasin Ekenci","doi":"10.1177/03915603261427630","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603261427630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"535-536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147318315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniaturized laser enucleation of the prostate (MiLEP) is feasible and safe: 12-month follow-up, real-life, prospective multicenter study.","authors":"Luca Cindolo, Marco Domenico Salvaggio, Cesare Mario Scoffone, Cecilia Maria Cracco, Ioannis Goumas Kartalas, Luigi Bevilacqua, Luca Orecchia, Roberto Castellucci, Francesco Dibitetto, Giovanni Ferrari","doi":"10.1177/03915603261440245","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603261440245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is considered one of the option for the treatment of men with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to Benign Prostatic Obstruction (BPO). HoLEP is performed with 26Ch instruments, which can cause urethral trauma, strictures, transient incontinence. Recent miniaturized 22Ch tools (MiLEP) aim to reduce morbidity without compromising efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective multicenter study on men underwent MiLEP. Preoperative assessment included IPSS, uroflowmetry, PSA, prostate volume and urinary continence. The MiLEP were performed en-bloc with early apical release. Follow-up assessed subjective and objective outcomes together with complications and patient satisfaction. Clinical success was defined as Trifecta.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-five men were enrolled. No major intraoperative complications occurred; median catheterization and hospital stay were 2 and 2 days, respectively. Overall complication rate was 18.4%, mostly Clavien-Dindo grade I-II. Late complications were urethral stricture in 4.6% and persistent stress incontinence in 1.5%. At 12 months, mean IPSS, IPSS QoL, Qmax, PSA significantly improved (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Overall satisfaction was very high (96.8%). Trifecta was achieved in 61.5% of cases. Logistic regression identified lower pre operative Qmax as the only predictor of Trifecta achievement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MiLEP appears feasible and safe in this preliminary series, with perioperative and functional outcomes consistent with enucleation-like goals. Significant improvements in symptom scores, flow rate and PSA were sustained at 12 months with low morbidity and high continence preservation. Larger appropriate trials and longer follow up are needed to confirm our data.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"441-447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-center experience on complications of buccal mucosal graft substitution in anterior urethroplasty.","authors":"Hosny Fathalla Omar, Ahmed Mahmoud Reyad","doi":"10.1177/03915603261434797","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603261434797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty as a treatment for anterior urethral stricture is a method of choice nowadays in many cases. The Purpose of this study is to evaluate the complications of this technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was initiated on July 2021 to July 2024, as a retrospective recording of the data of 120 patients underwent buccal mucosal graft substitution urethroplasty for anterior urethral stricture ⩾ 8 cm, age range 18-80 years. The mean duration of follow-up was 12 months for all patients. Postoperative complications were recorded. Data was analyzed by the use of SPSS version 26 program for data entry and analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 45.5 ± 15.7 years old. Body mass index 28.3 ± 4.2 kg/m². Six cases were diabetic, 15 cases were hypertensive. Etiology of stricture was 55% iatrogenic trauma, 17.5% inflammatory, 17.5% lichen sclerosus and 4% idiopathic stricture. Operative time was 210 ± 25.6 min. Early complications were noticed in 15% of cases, Late complications-after removal of the catheter- in 25% of cases, the rest of cases passes with good voiding and sexual functions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Buccal mucosal graft substitution urethroplasty as a treatment for long anterior urethral stricture is a good option, but as any other surgery it has its special complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"499-504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Italian live Delphi consensus on indications, peri-procedural management, technique, and learning curve of convective water vapor thermal therapy (Rezum™) in men with LUTS/BPH.","authors":"Silvia Secco, Francesco Greco, Federico Pierella, Piergiorgio Tuzzolo, Giulio Bevilacqua, Eros Scarciglia, Francesco Pinto, Emanuele Rubilotta, Stefano Cavalleri, Giuseppe Abatangelo, Claudio Lamon, Daniele Romagnoli, Simonetta Fracalanza, Francesco Visalli, Stefano De Luca, Francesco Varvello, Roberto Renzetti, Gennaro Annunziata, Sebastiano Condorelli, Evangelista Martinelli, Carlo Marenghi, Raffaele Balsamo, Alberto Olivero, Roberto Castellucci, Petros Sountoulides, Luca Cindolo","doi":"10.1177/03915603261440260","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603261440260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Convective water vapor thermal therapy (WVTT, Rezum™) is an established minimally invasive surgical technique for men with LUTS secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Despite increasing adoption, patient selection, peri-procedural management, technical execution, and training remain heterogeneous. We conducted a live modified Delphi consensus to define pragmatic, expert-driven recommendations for WVTT practice in Italy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 10-member steering committee screened the literature and drafted candidate statements across eight predefined domains. A live modified Delphi process was conducted with 22 Italian urologists. Panelists voted using a four-level response scale; justifications were required for any response other than full agreement. Statements below the predefined consensus threshold were discussed, reformulated when appropriate, and re-voted. Consensus was defined a priori as ⩾75% full agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-six statements were voted. Consensus was achieved for 21/26 (80.8%) statements. Five statements did not reach consensus: routine preoperative cystoscopy (72.8%), routine semen culture (31.8%), restricting general anesthesia to selected cases/early learning curve (50.0%), continuation of antibiotics for the entire catheterization period (68.2%), and mandatory \"complete\" follow-up at 6 months (72.7%). Two items underwent iterative reformulation and re-voting: prostate volume ⩽ 80 cm³ (77.3% → 100%) and supervision during the initial learning curve (31.8% → 61.9% → 90.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This live Delphi consensus provides practice-oriented guidance for WVTT and defines areas of strong expert agreement alongside persistent evidence gaps. The findings support standardized adoption of WVTT within defined indications while prioritizing future research on peri-procedural protocols and follow-up pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"434-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147700182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes and management of de novo ureteral strictures following ureteroscopy: A retrospective observational study.","authors":"Anette Nyheim, Øyvind Ulvik, Christian Beisland, Patrick Juliebø-Jones","doi":"10.1177/03915603261418995","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603261418995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ureteral strictures are a recognised late complication post ureteroscopy (URS). Most research on the pathology focuses on mechanisms of injury and preventative strategies. There is limited data describing follow up patterns and treatment outcomes. The aim was to evaluate the subsequent management and outcomes of de novo ureteral strictures post URS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review was conducted of patients diagnosed with a de novo ureteral stricture post URS at a tertiary centre between 2014 and 2024. Eligible cases were identified by manual review of ICD-coded records (N13.0-N13.5), yielding 40 patients for analysis. Baseline and procedural data were summarised descriptively, and group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 40 patients (median age 69 years), most strictures were detected symptomatically (67.5%) and were located proximally or distally (each 43%). Median time to diagnosis was 3.8 months, and median follow-up was 4.3 years. Overall, 45% achieved successful resolution after a median of two procedures, while 15% underwent nephrectomy. Higher age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index scores and older age were significantly associated with poorer outcomes, although interpretation is limited by the sample size. Stricture length and a history of stone impaction showed no significant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cohort, fewer than half of patients with de novo ureteral strictures following URS achieved lasting resolution despite multiple interventions. These findings highlight the potential clinical burden of this complication and support the importance of preventive strategies, timely detection and structured follow-up, while underscoring the need for further studies to better define long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"448-453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monopolar electrocautery in providing hemostasis of the percutaneous tract during tubeless miniature percutaneous nephrolithotomy.","authors":"Chinnakhet Ketsuwan, Hyeji Park, Christine Joy G Castillo, Majed Alharthi, Sung Yong Cho","doi":"10.1177/03915603261418998","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603261418998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kidney hemorrhage is one of the most common and significant complications of percutaneous approaches for renal stone removal. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of hemostatic completion in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) using monopolar electrocautery in patients with intrarenal tract bleeding.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We prospectively investigated 200 consecutive patients presenting to a single institution and classified them into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 28 patients receiving monopolar coagulation for intrarenal bleeders in the percutaneous tract. The control group included 172 patients in whom fulguration was not done. Perioperative outcomes were compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups had no statistical difference in operative times and transfusion rates. Patients who received electrocauterization demonstrated a significantly shortened duration of double J stent removal (<i>p</i> = 0.011), more rapid recovery of hemoglobin levels, particularly in cases of significant bleeding (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and a lower rate of angiography (<i>p</i> = 0.047). No embolization was needed in the electrocauterization group. No significant complications were observed in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that monopolar electrocautery might effectively reduce the risk of postoperative bleeding and alleviate the burden on patients who may require additional blood transfusions in patients undergoing tubeless mini-PCNL.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"454-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent innovations and emerging patents in penile prosthesis: A review of advanced systems and their applications in erectile dysfunction and gender-affirming surgery.","authors":"Akash V Katode, Saurabh Gupta, Amit R Sharma","doi":"10.1177/03915603251406810","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603251406810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Penile prostheses have undergone significant evolution over the past five decades, becoming vital treatments for erectile dysfunction (ED) and essential tools in gender-affirming surgeries. Advances in design, functionality, and materials have contributed to better patient outcomes and device performance.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review provides a comprehensive analysis of penile prosthesis systems, emphasizing their roles in treating ED and supporting gender-affirming procedures. The review also highlights recent technological advancements and evaluates the affordability and accessibility of these devices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this review were systematically collected from databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, and Springer Nature, to ensure comprehensive coverage of the field. Additionally, the latest information on inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs) was gathered from product websites and patent documentation. A comparative analysis of semi-rigid, malleable, and inflatable penile prostheses was conducted, focusing on affordability, pricing, durability, and patient-centric features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs) remain the gold standard for ED treatment due to their superior functionality, including user-controlled rigidity and a more natural appearance in both erect and flaccid states. Despite higher costs compared to semi-rigid and malleable prostheses, IPPs offer enhanced patient satisfaction and quality of life. Advances in IPP designs have improved durability and reduced mechanical failure rates, while novel activation mechanisms, such as remote control and magnetic induction, are emerging as promising enhancements. While two recent patents have entered the clinical pipeline, focusing on improved durability and activation, one additional patent demonstrates potential for future adoption. However, their impact on clinical practice will depend on further research and validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emerging technologies and innovative designs in penile prostheses promise to enhance ED treatment and gender-affirming surgeries. This review provides valuable insights into current trends, comparative analyses, and future directions for clinicians, researchers, and engineers in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"347-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between immune-mediated cystitis and PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 immune checkpoint inhibitors: A pharmacovigilance study from the FAERS database.","authors":"Connor Frey","doi":"10.1177/03915603261446420","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03915603261446420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed oncology but predispose patients to immune-related adverse events. Immune-mediated cystitis represents a rare yet clinically significant urological complication requiring enhanced surveillance. This studies characterizes the pharmacovigilance profile of immune-mediated cystitis across ICI classes using real-world post-market surveillance data.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This disproportionality analysis utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database, encompassing reports from Q4 2003 through Q3 2025. Fourteen ICIs were evaluated across four mechanistic classes: PD-1 (<i>n</i> = 7), PD-L1 (<i>n</i> = 4), CTLA-4 (<i>n</i> = 2), and LAG-3 (<i>n</i> = 1) inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 14,104,743 adverse event reports, 69 cases of immune-mediated cystitis were identified. PD-1 inhibitors demonstrated the strongest signals: pembrolizumab (ROR 241.59; 95% CI 149.40-390.68; <i>n</i> = 28), nivolumab (ROR 118.56; 95% CI 68.56-205.02; <i>n</i> = 17), toripalimab (ROR 454.65; <i>n</i> = 2), and tislelizumab (ROR 266.31; <i>n</i> = 3). Ipilimumab exhibited robust disproportionality (ROR 297.28; 95% CI 167.73-526.89; <i>n</i> = 15). PD-L1 inhibitors showed minimal signals with isolated cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immune-mediated cystitis demonstrates strongest association with PD-1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, warranting enhanced clinical surveillance, prompt recognition, and evidence-based management protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":23574,"journal":{"name":"Urologia Journal","volume":" ","pages":"396-401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}