Environmental Protection and Natural Resources最新文献

Climate change as the subject of citizens’ assemblies in Polish cities 将气候变化作为波兰城市公民大会的主题

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2024-0002

Agnieszka Sobol

引用次数: 0

Accessibility of green infrastructure at the city scale on the example of Łomża and Siedlce 以罗姆扎和锡德尔采为例，说明绿色基础设施在城市范围内的可达性

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2024-0001

Anna Romańczak, Jakub Bratkowski, Maciej Sadowski

{"title":"Accessibility of green infrastructure at the city scale on the example of Łomża and Siedlce","authors":"Anna Romańczak, Jakub Bratkowski, Maciej Sadowski","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this research was to learn the possibility of using the selected indicator method to assess the local adaptation to climate change by using city green infrastructure (GI). Close access to the public green areas from a place of residence has been recognized as a potential measure to achieve more just and equitable adaptation to climate change within the city. The rationale for adopting this approach is the significant impact of GI on improving the quality of life of residents. In the case study of the cities of Łomża and Siedlce, the method of assessing the availability of GI was analysed in two variants differing in the resources of green areas included. The accessibility of GI was determined using indicators describing the share of the city’s population having their residences in a designated walking distance zone from these areas; the degree of provision of GI areas within walking distance from homes; the degree of provision of green areas to the inhabitants throughout the city. In addition, analyses of the access structure for residents of GI within 300 meters were carried out in terms of the number and category of this type of places. The research results indicate the possibility of using presented accessibility indicators to assess actions related to GI at the stage of planning and monitoring the implementation of the urban adaptation strategy to climate change.","PeriodicalId":235641,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Protection and Natural Resources","volume":"93 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141797972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Municipal Wastewater Quality Control: Heavy Metal Comparative Analysis—Case Study 城市污水质量控制：重金属对比分析--案例研究

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2023-0023

W. Halecki, T. Sionkowski, Krzysztof Chmielowski, Agnieszka Kowalczyk, K. Kalarus

{"title":"Municipal Wastewater Quality Control: Heavy Metal Comparative Analysis—Case Study","authors":"W. Halecki, T. Sionkowski, Krzysztof Chmielowski, Agnieszka Kowalczyk, K. Kalarus","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A comparative analysis was conducted on raw and treated wastewater and the concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The research aimed to demonstrate improved efficiency in reducing heavy metal levels as a part of municipal and industrial waste management, with a specific emphasis on minimising the overall environmental impact. In this study, we presented the results of a repeated measures analysis of variance and assessed compliance with heavy metal content standards in sewage sludge from municipal treatment using a one-sample t-test against a reference norm. The analysis included measurements conducted between 2004 and 2015. We conducted an analysis of heavy metals, including zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and mercury (Hg). High Zn concentration that we observed in pre-treatment wastewater raised important questions. Leakages in sewage networks can result in contaminants infiltrating the wastewater, thereby increasing pollutant concentrations. Elevated concentrations can stem from industrial activities, where Zn and pollutants are discharged into wastewater as byproducts of industrial operations. The study illustrated the attainment of the highest sanitary standards, ensuring that treatment processes effectively eliminate harmful toxic substances, ultimately guaranteeing that the final product is safe for further reclamation processes.","PeriodicalId":235641,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Protection and Natural Resources","volume":"79 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potentially Harmful Elements Content in Soil and Stream Sediments in Southwestern Districts of Katowice (Southern Poland) – Geochemical Record of Historical Industrial Plants’ Activity 卡托维兹西南区（波兰南部）土壤和溪流沉积物中的潜在有害元素含量--历史上工业工厂活动的地球化学记录

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2023-0021

W. Nadłonek, A. Pasieczna, Sylwia Skreczko

{"title":"Potentially Harmful Elements Content in Soil and Stream Sediments in Southwestern Districts of Katowice (Southern Poland) – Geochemical Record of Historical Industrial Plants’ Activity","authors":"W. Nadłonek, A. Pasieczna, Sylwia Skreczko","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of the research was to assess the quality of topsoils and stream sediments in the districts of the Katowice City of southern Poland in the Upper Silesian Industrial Agglomeration, influenced primarily by the exploitation of hard coal deposits and metallurgy. The task was carried out using indicators used to assess anthropogenic soil contamination (contamination factor CF and the Igeo geoaccumulation index), as well as ecotoxicological indicators used to determine the quality of stream sediments (Threshold Effect Concentration TEC and Probable Effect Concentration PEC). In order to indicate the most polluted areas, geochemical maps of selected elements in soil and stream sediments were developed. The material comes from the top layer of soil (0.0–0.3 m) and stream sediments located in the districts of the Katowice City. The work took into account selected potentially harmful elements (PHEs). The concentrations of elements were measured using the ICP-AES method, except for Hg (the CV-AAS method). The values of the CF and Igeo indicators allowed for the indication of high concentrations of most metals, arsenic, and sulfur in the topsoil layer, significantly exceeding the geochemical background values caused by the historical exploitation of Zn-Pb and zinc ores and ferrous metallurgy. The values of the TEC and PEC indicators classify the sediments into categories that may threaten the environment and living organisms.","PeriodicalId":235641,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Protection and Natural Resources","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140729874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Torrefaction of Flax Shives as a Process of Preparation Waste Vegetable Biomass for Energy Purposes 将亚麻韭菜作为一种制备能源用废弃植物生物质的工艺进行热解

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2023-0022

Jarosław Molenda, Piotr Zacharski, M. Swat

{"title":"Torrefaction of Flax Shives as a Process of Preparation Waste Vegetable Biomass for Energy Purposes","authors":"Jarosław Molenda, Piotr Zacharski, M. Swat","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of processed biomass, derived from agricultural crop residues, as a fuel is becoming increasingly important in the energy sector, which additionally allows for the management of excess waste that is a burden on the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the torrefaction process conditions in a carbon dioxide atmosphere on the chemical structure of biocarbon and the energy parameters of the produced product, which can be a solid biofuel. The biomass chosen for the experimental work was flax shive. Determinations of the heat of combustion of the produced biocarbon samples were carried out using a KL-10 calorimeter, and identification of the molecular structure of the product and the starting biomass was carried out using infrared spectrometry. It was confirmed that increasing the temperature of biomass torrefaction increases the heat of combustion of the product, with this parameter obtaining the most favourable value for biocarbon obtained during torrefaction at 320°C and for 20 to 30 minutes. The heat of combustion of the biocarbon produced during torrefaction at 320°C and for 30 minutes was 25.92 MJ/kg, with a feedstock mass loss of 41%. Such conditions lead to a significant conversion of the chemical structure of the biomass, with no complete destruction of organic structures.","PeriodicalId":235641,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Protection and Natural Resources","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140219008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accuracy of the Copernicus High-Resolution Layer Forest Type (HRL FTY) assessed with domestic NFI sampling plots in Poland 利用波兰国内 NFI 采样地块评估哥白尼高分辨率层林类型（HRL FTY）的准确性

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2023-0016

Marcin Żaczek, Mariusz Walęzak, Anna Olecka, Sylwia Waśniewska, Anna Paczosa

{"title":"Accuracy of the Copernicus High-Resolution Layer Forest Type (HRL FTY) assessed with domestic NFI sampling plots in Poland","authors":"Marcin Żaczek, Mariusz Walęzak, Anna Olecka, Sylwia Waśniewska, Anna Paczosa","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Over the past years, several remote sensing maps of land cover have been produced, but they still exhibit certain differences compared to the real land use that reduce their value for climate and carbon cycle modelling as well as for national estimates of forest carbon stocks and their change. This paper outlines a straightforward framework for evaluating map accuracy and estimating uncertainty in land cover area, specifically for forest-related land cover maps in Poland for the year 2018.\u0000 The study compares stratified field-based data from the National Forest Inventory (NFI) with remote sensing data on forest variables, at the pixel level, in order to identify suitable methods for accuracy and area uncertainty estimation. Additionally, the paper introduces and presents a variety of accuracy metrics applicable to assess overall uncertainties in GHG inventories.\u0000 The results indicate that the High-Resolution Layer Forest Type (HRL FTY) product (part of the broader Copernicus Land Monitoring Service [CLMS] portfolio), assessed using NFI field-based information, achieved an overall accuracy (OA) of 69.2%. This metric varies among particular nature protection forms, with the highest observed ones in Natura 2000 sites of 70.45%. The primary source of map errors was associated with distinguishing between broad-leaved and coniferous forest areas. Improving future maps necessitates more precise differentiation between species to better support national forest monitoring systems for the purpose of greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories where information on the spatial distribution and variability of forests sources, biodiversity assessment, threat prevention, estimation of carbon content is becoming an important part of the associated reporting system.","PeriodicalId":235641,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Protection and Natural Resources","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2023-0014

I. Kargulewicz, Zdzisław Chłopek, Sylwia Waśniewska

{"title":"Energy-related carbon dioxide emission factors from combustion of gaseous methane fuels","authors":"I. Kargulewicz, Zdzisław Chłopek, Sylwia Waśniewska","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The topic of this paper concerns energy-related carbon dioxide emission factors from the combustion of gaseous methane fuels. It is a very current subject, as methane fuels, mainly of fossil origin, are one of the primary energy carriers used in industrial and municipal applications for energy purposes. Consequently, the emitted carbon dioxide contributes to the intensification of the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. The problem of the quantities characterising emissions from the combustion of methane fuels is complicated by the diversity of these fuels. This paper presents background information on the gaseous hydrocarbon fuels and the composition of the main types of natural gas. The structure of natural gas consumption in Poland, depending on the sectors of application for particular types of natural gas, is presented. On the basis of the existing data, aggregated energy-related carbon dioxide emission factors were estimated and analysed. The analysis was carried out for high-methane natural gas (HM), colliery gas (CG) and nitrified natural gas (N)—for the years 1988–2021. Trends in fuel consumption and energy-related carbon dioxide emission factors were determined for the years 1988–2021.","PeriodicalId":235641,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Protection and Natural Resources","volume":"34 135","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determinants of Energy Consumption in the Dairy Industry: A Case Study in Poland 乳制品行业能源消耗的决定因素：波兰案例研究

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2023-0017

Janusz Wojdalski, Przemysław Ligenza, Marta Postuła, B. Dróżdż, Roman Niżnikowski

{"title":"Determinants of Energy Consumption in the Dairy Industry: A Case Study in Poland","authors":"Janusz Wojdalski, Przemysław Ligenza, Marta Postuła, B. Dróżdż, Roman Niżnikowski","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2023-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The correlations between two groups of factors and energy consumption were analysed in four types of dairy plants with different production profiles. Groups of dairy plants with a similar production profile, as well as individual plants, were compared. Energy consumption was most strongly correlated with technical equipment (r = 0.88 – 0.99); this observation can be used by designers to promote better energy conservation measures during plant operation. Energy consumption was highest in plants producing milk powder. Plants specializing in milk powder may also produce up to 8 other dairy products; however, engineering and production factors can significantly contribute to reducing energy consumption, which suggests that energy is being consumed for non-production purposes at these plants.\u0000 The variation in energy consumption per unit of end-product was best-explained in small dairy plants producing up to 4 products. In analyses of individual plants, energy consumption per unit of end-product was strongly correlated with both the milk-processing output and the production profile. The equations developed in this study, in particular the regression coefficients, can be used to generate additional information for detailed analyses. The structure and level of detail of the independent variables also means that the presented equations can be applied to reducing power consumption of the operated equipment, and for optimizing overall production profiles.\u0000 The results of the study can be used to model energy consumption in different types of dairy plants and to evaluate their environmental performance. The international literature was reviewed, and the results of research studies analysing the correlations between energy consumption in dairy plants and their environmental impact were cited in the paper.","PeriodicalId":235641,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Protection and Natural Resources","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Linking elevated rainfall with sewage discharge volume 将升高的降雨量与污水排放量联系起来

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2023-0020

W. Halecki, Anna Młyńska, T. Sionkowski, Krzysztof Chmielowski

{"title":"Linking elevated rainfall with sewage discharge volume","authors":"W. Halecki, Anna Młyńska, T. Sionkowski, Krzysztof Chmielowski","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The intricate hydrological processes elucidating the interplay between rainfall and flow manifest through rainwater's traversal along diverse routes, encompassing surface runoff and subsurface flow. While the foundational association between these entities is discernible, the convoluted intricacies characterizing this correlation defy straightforward comprehension. Examining the data between 2019 and 2022, the average daily sewage outflow was 12,518 m3/d, with occasional peaks of up to 50,440 m3/d. The wastewater treatment plant's capacity of 35,000 m3/d was usually not exceeded. Overall, average daily sewage outflows varied between 11,716 m3/d and 13,969 m3/d during the studied period. Comprehending this interrelationship holds pivotal significance for the optimization of water-resource-management strategies. A moderate correlation (r = 0.42) between daily rainfall levels and sewage discharge was found in the dataset covering 2018–2023. When categorizing daily rainfall into groups labelled “A” through “G” and comparing them to sewage flows, a pattern emerged: Rain-free days in group “A” had the lowest average sewage flow (10,996 m3/d), while heavy rain days in group “G”, had the highest average flow (22,112 m3/d). This observation underscores a significant correlation between intensified rainfall and increased volume of sewage discharge. Through a comprehensive analysis of factors such as sewage composition, meteorological dynamics and chronological sequences, we will gain an enhanced ability to prognosticate and govern sewage systems. The significance of this is heightened within the context of evolving climatic dynamics.","PeriodicalId":235641,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Protection and Natural Resources","volume":"7 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The use of hydrogen as a fuel in road transport on the Polish path to climate neutrality - a literature review 在波兰实现气候中和的道路交通中使用氢作为燃料--文献综述

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.2478/oszn-2023-0013

M. Zimakowska-Laskowska, Piotr Laskowski, P. Orliński, Piotr Wiśniowski, M. Wojs

{"title":"The use of hydrogen as a fuel in road transport on the Polish path to climate neutrality - a literature review","authors":"M. Zimakowska-Laskowska, Piotr Laskowski, P. Orliński, Piotr Wiśniowski, M. Wojs","doi":"10.2478/oszn-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuels meeting stringent emission standards shortly. Using hydrogen as a fuel in an internal combustion engine (ICE) is an alternative application to replace hydrocarbon fuels that, when burned, produce harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and greenhouse gases. This work provides an overview of the latest research results and future challenges and opportunities related to the use of hydrogen to power ICEs. The article presents the work of various research centres describing the technical use of hydrogen as a fuel in motor vehicles with combustion engines. Specific chemical and physical properties of hydrogen used in combustion engines were presented. The article presents modern research on a hydrogen-powered ICE. First, the basics of hydrogen engines are described, examining the engine-specific properties of hydrogen, followed by a review of the existing literature. Attention was paid to the fundamental importance of optimising the air composition from the point of view of combustion quality, NOx emissions, engine efficiency, and performance. Another issue under consideration is cleaning exhaust gases to meet future emissions regulations for hydrogen-fuelled combustion engines.","PeriodicalId":235641,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Protection and Natural Resources","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0