Veterinary Record最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of a non-radioactive rapid test for determination of serum progesterone in South American camelids.","authors":"Lina Längerer, Gerhard Schuler, Philipp Pohlscheid, Henrik Wagner, Kathrin Büttner, Axel Wehrend","doi":"10.1002/vetr.6027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vetr.6027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Determination of the serum progesterone (P4) concentration is of high importance in reproductive medicine and may be applied for diagnosing pregnancy in South American camelids. P4 measurements in alpacas and llamas are usually performed using immunoassays, which are time consuming and require appropriate expertise of laboratory staff. In this study, the suitability of a commercial automated enzyme-linked immunofluorescence assay using a mini-VIDAS device (bioMérieux) for P4 determination in South American camelids was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum was prepared from the whole blood samples from 116 alpacas and 73 llamas; each sample was divided into two aliquots and stored at -20°C. Comparative P4 measurements were performed using the mini-VIDAS method and an in-house radioimmunoassay as the reference standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a strong positive correlation between the results of the two methods (Spearman's rank correlation alpaca: rs = 0.9168 [p < 0.05]; llama: rs = 0.9040 [p < 0.05]).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Although the measuring methods are highly correlated, deviations from the reference method occurred in the high measurement range of mini-VIDAS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirmed that the mini-VIDAS is suitable for determining serum P4 concentration in domestic South American camelids and provides reliable results in less than 1 hour.</p>","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":" ","pages":"e327-e330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary symmetric dimethylarginine: A promising biomarker for acute kidney injury in dogs with pyometra.","authors":"Larissa Ayane do Nascimento Braz, Suellen Rodrigues Maia, Lara Vilela Soares, Natani Silva Reis, Leandro Zuccolotto Crivellenti, Andrigo Barboza de Nardi","doi":"10.1002/vetr.70733","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vetr.70733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a biomarker of renal function derived from arginine methylation, unaffected by muscle mass or diet, and increases after only a 25% reduction in renal function, allowing earlier detection of renal dysfunction compared with serum creatinine. Although serum SDMA is well established in veterinary nephrology, urinary SDMA (uSDMA) remains comparatively underexplored, particularly in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI). This study evaluated uSDMA concentrations and the uSDMA-to-creatinine (uSDMA/Cr) ratio as biomarkers for AKI, using renal histopathology as the reference standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven non-azotemic dogs diagnosed with pyometra were evaluated. uSDMA was measured using ELISA, and renal lesions were histopathologically classified as discrete, moderate or severe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median uSDMA concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with severe lesions (0.43 µg/mL, interquartile range [IQR] 0.40-0.47) compared with those with moderate lesions (0.31 µg/mL, IQR 0.24-0.38) and discrete lesions (0.26 µg/mL, IQR 0.22-0.30) (p < 0.001). The uSDMA/Cr ratio was lower in the discrete group (0.0031, IQR 0.0026-0.0036) than in the moderate group (0.0039, IQR 0.0032-0.0048) and the severe group (0.0069, IQR 0.0058-0.0080) (p = 0.0198).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The main limitations include the absence of a healthy control group and lack of serial biomarker measurements, which may restrict the assessment of dynamic changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These preliminary findings suggest that uSDMA and uSDMA/Cr ratio may serve as biomarkers for assessing AKI severity in dogs, supporting earlier detection and monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":" ","pages":"e337-e344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the performance of large language models when used to determine ASA status of cats and dogs and generate anaesthetic protocols.","authors":"Sıtkıcan Okur, Yasemin Akçora, Damla T Okur, Mümin G Şenocak, Ayşe Gölgeli Bedir, Uğur Ersöz, Tuğçe Kartal, Büşra Kibar Kurt","doi":"10.1002/vetr.70741","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vetr.70741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large language models (LLMs) are emerging as decision-support tools in human medicine; however, their evaluation in veterinary anaesthesiology remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed 225 anonymised feline and canine cases (American Society of Anaesthesiologists [ASA] classifications 1‒5) from Atatürk University Veterinary Hospital. ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro independently assigned ASA classifications and generated anaesthetic protocols using standardised prompts. Protocol adequacy was evaluated for all cases, regardless of ASA classification agreement, by two experienced veterinary anaesthesiologists using a four-point scale. Statistical analyses included Friedman and Bonferroni-adjusted Wilcoxon tests, effect sizes and inter-panelist reliability (assessed by quadratic-weighted Cohen's kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT-5 achieved the highest ASA classification accuracy (53.3%), followed by ChatGPT-4o (46.7%) and Gemini 2.5 Pro (30.7%). The performance was strongest for ASA 3‒5, whereas ASA 1 cases were frequently misclassified, mainly due to ASA overestimation. ChatGPT-5 generated the most clinically sufficient anaesthetic protocols, outperforming the other models.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The retrospective, single-centre design and inclusion of only feline and canine cases may limit generalisability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LLMs can generate clinically relevant ASA classifications and anaesthetic protocols in veterinary anaesthesiology, although performance varies across models. However, expert oversight remains essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":" ","pages":"e304-e311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147875856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential benefits and pitfalls of using large language models as decision-support tools in veterinary anaesthesia.","authors":"Federico Corletto","doi":"10.1002/vetr.71235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.71235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":"199 7","pages":"321-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventilatory compensation for metabolic acidosis is independent of hypertension in dogs with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Letícia da Silva Rueda, André Leal Raymundo Pessina, Igor Luiz Salardani Senhorello, Rodrigo Prevedello Franco, Paulo Sérgio Patto Dos Santos, Maria Vitoria Magalhães Dias, Lucas Ferreira Gomes, Wagner Luis Ferreira","doi":"10.1002/vetr.71219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.71219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Metabolic acidosis is common in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and induces ventilatory compensation. Systemic arterial hypertension frequently accompanies CKD, but its influence on the ventilatory response remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This ambispective observational study included 42 dogs with CKD and metabolic acidosis. Venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO₂) was compared between normotensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] < 150 mmHg) and hypertensive (SBP ≥ 150 mmHg) dogs. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate base excess (BE), SBP and serum creatinine as predictors of venous PCO₂.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metabolic acidosis severity (BE) was associated with ventilatory response (PCO₂) (p < 0.001), whereas SBP showed no association. Mean PCO₂ did not differ between normotensive and hypertensive dogs (p = 0.373). Serum creatinine independently predicted PCO₂ (p < 0.001), with higher concentrations associated with higher PCO₂.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The observational design, limited sample size and incomplete International Renal Interest Society staging may limit the generalisability of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In dogs with CKD and metabolic acidosis, ventilatory compensation, assessed by venous PCO₂, was primarily associated with the severity of the metabolic disturbance and showed no significant association with blood pressure status. Compensation may be attenuated as azotaemia worsens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":" ","pages":"e71219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine viral arteritis in horses undergoing pre-export testing in Spain (2016-2023): Seroprevalence estimates and diagnostic performance of a commercial indirect ELISA.","authors":"Paloma Gago, Abel Dorrego, Pilar Pozo, Alejandra Raez, Belen Rivera, Lucía de Juan, Fatima Cruz-Lopez","doi":"10.1002/vetr.71223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.71223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a contagious disease that affects equine reproduction and international trade. Despite its importance, epidemiological data from Spain are limited. This study aimed to assess EVA seroprevalence and evaluate the diagnostic performance of a commercial ELISA in horses before export.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2016 to 2023, 5000 serum samples from horses across 16 Spanish autonomous communities were tested using a commercial indirect ELISA. Samples with inconclusive results, or those submitted with specific requests, underwent virus neutralisation testing (VNT). Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the kappa coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The apparent seroprevalence was 13.3% (664/5000), and the Rogan-Gladen-adjusted seroprevalence was 2.3%. Apparent seroprevalence decreased over time, and adjusted estimates reached 0.0% from 2020 onwards. ELISA showed 98.9% sensitivity and 88.7% specificity, with substantial agreement with the VNT (κ = 0.68). Seroprevalence increased with age and was highest in Andalusia and Castile and Leon.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The study included only horses undergoing pre-export testing and was dominated by Spanish purebred horses; therefore, findings may not represent the wider Spanish equine population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The declining EVA seroprevalence among horses undergoing pre-export testing may reflect improved control measures. ELISA may be suitable for pre-export screening, with VNT confirmation recommended for values above 37.14%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational study investigating the efficacy of heated general anaesthetic circuits during feline flank ovariohysterectomies.","authors":"Emma Attwood, Kim Smith, Loni Loftus","doi":"10.1002/vetr.71217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.71217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This pilot observational study evaluated the efficacy of the Humphrey ADE-heated general anaesthetic circuit (HGAC) in reducing perioperative inadvertent hypothermia (PIH) by assessing its mitigation of thermal decline in feline patients undergoing flank ovariohysterectomies (OVHs) under general anaesthesia (GA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Perioperative rectal temperatures (RTemps) were collected from 20 cats undergoing OVH, with randomised allocation to either the standard general anaesthetic circuit (SGAC; control group) or the HGAC (experimental group). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean perioperative RTemps did not differ significantly between the HGAC and SGAC groups across the entire perioperative period. However, from 35 minutes onwards, RTemps were higher in the HGAC group than in the SGAC group, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.066). RTemps in the HGAC group fluctuated less and increased significantly and gradually as GA progressed (phase 2-3: p = 0.016; phase 1-3: p = 0.011), whereas RTemps in the SGAC group decreased significantly (phase 1-3: p = 0.034), becoming borderline hypothermic at approximately 50 minutes of operating time.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The study was limited by its small sample size, which is consistent with a pilot study, and by the involvement of multiple veterinary surgeons in performing the procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HGACs may be beneficial tools warranting further investigation in modern veterinary practice, with the potential to improve patient welfare standards by promoting normothermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomised controlled trial to investigate an online compassionate imagery intervention for improving veterinarian mental wellbeing.","authors":"Sarah E Corthorne, Katherine E Wakelin, Christina J Jones","doi":"10.1002/vetr.71214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.71214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Veterinarians are at increased risk of psychological distress due to the regular experience of moral dilemmas, leading to compassion fatigue and burnout. This study explored the efficacy of a 2-week, modified online compassionate imagery intervention for improving veterinarian mental wellbeing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomised controlled trial design was used with two parallel arms (intervention vs. wait-list control group). One hundred and sixty-two students and qualified veterinarians were randomly allocated to each arm. The intervention group watched a 10-15-minute video every day for 14 days to increase their self-compassion. Participants completed questionnaires to measure outcomes across four time points (baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 1- and 2-month follow-ups).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and one participants were included in the analysis of variance. The intervention significantly improved resilience (F[2, 198] = 4.39, p = 0.014, <math><msubsup><mi>η</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math>  = 0.043), self-reassurance (F[2, 198] = 4.61, p = 0.01, <math><msubsup><mi>η</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math>  = 0.045), self-compassion (F[2, 198] = 8.80, p ≤ 0.001, <math><msubsup><mi>η</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math>  = 0.08), work-related rumination (distraction detachment: F[2, 198] = 4.92, p = 0.008, <math><msubsup><mi>η</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math>  = 0.047, problem-solving pondering: F[1.86, 184.82] = 5.88, p = 0.004, <math><msubsup><mi>η</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math>  = 0.056) and self-criticism (F[1.80, 136.94] = 3.60, p = 0.03, <math><msubsup><mi>η</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math>  = 0.045). These findings were sustained at follow-up and were associated with small-to-medium and medium-to-large effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Randomisation was not entirely successful. Due to missing data, an intention-to-treat analysis was not feasible, raising the possibility of an inflated treatment effect. Blinding was not possible due to resource constraints.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An online compassionate imagery intervention was efficacious at improving multiple outcomes associated with veterinarian mental wellbeing. These findings provide a rationale for developing and delivering compassion-based interventions to veterinarians.</p>","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of erythromycin and colistin ophthalmic ointment on post-race keratitis in Thoroughbred racehorses.","authors":"Hiroki Ueshiba, Taisuke Kuroda, Hidekazu Niwa, Mai Iimori, Minoru Ohta, Shinjiro Kurimoto","doi":"10.1002/vetr.71221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.71221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the prophylactic efficacy of administering an ophthalmic ointment containing erythromycin and colistin (EC ointment) after racing to prevent post-race keratitis in Thoroughbred racehorses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The incidence of post-race keratitis following turf and dirt races was compared between treatment groups (non-ointment group: eye flushing only; ointment group: eye flushing and application of EC ointment) and between two randomly assigned groups (non-antimicrobial group: application of ophthalmic white petrolatum; antimicrobial group: application of EC ointment).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After turf races, the incidence of post-race keratitis was significantly higher in the non-ointment group (6.25%; 63/1008) than in the ointment group (0.55%; 53/9659) and in the non-antimicrobial group (8.18%; 13/159) than in the antimicrobial group (0%; 0/152). In contrast, after dirt races, no significant differences were found between the non-ointment (0.56%; 8/1420) and ointment (0.53%; 53/9986) groups, or between the non-antimicrobial (1.87%; 4/214) and antimicrobial (1.41%; 3/213) groups.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Microbiological and cytological testing was limited, and the pathogenesis of post-race keratitis remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EC ointment effectively reduced the incidence of post-race keratitis after turf races, but not after dirt races. Although the findings suggest bacterial involvement in the pathogenesis of post-turf-race keratitis, further microbiological and cytological testing is warranted to confirm this.</p>","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in trace element homeostasis in dogs with parvoviral enteritis.","authors":"Kübra Bekarer, Ebru Çetin","doi":"10.1002/vetr.71215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.71215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canine parvoviral enteritis (PE) is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease characterised by severe gastrointestinal disturbances and marked immunosuppression. Despite the critical role of micronutrients in immune responses and recovery, data on trace element concentrations in dogs with PE remain limited; findings across existing studies are inconsistent, and chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and molybdenum (Mo) have not previously been investigated in this condition. This study aimed to compare plasma concentrations of essential trace elements in dogs diagnosed with PE with those in healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), Cr, Mn and Mo were measured in 26 dogs with PE and 26 healthy dogs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In dogs with PE, plasma concentrations of Fe (p < 0.01), Mo (p < 0.001) and Se (p < 0.001) were significantly lower than those in healthy controls, whereas plasma concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Co and Mn did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The findings should be interpreted in light of several limitations, including the single-time-point sampling design, variation in disease severity among affected dogs, limited availability of detailed clinical data, and the potential influence of individual factors such as age, breed and nutritional status on plasma trace element concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings provide new insights into the disruption of Fe, Se and Mo homeostasis in dogs with PE. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23560,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Record","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}