Visual Neuroscience最新文献_第3页

The retinal pigments of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) and their role in visual foraging ecology-CORRIGENDUM. 鲸鲨(Rhincodon typus)视网膜色素及其在视觉觅食生态中的作用-勘误。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523820000103

Jeffry I Fasick, Haya Algrain, Katherine M Serba, Phyllis R Robinson

引用次数: 1

Response to Kuraku et al., 2020. 对Kuraku et al.， 2020的回应。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523820000085

Jeffry I Fasick, Phyllis R Robinson

{"title":"Response to Kuraku et al., 2020.","authors":"Jeffry I Fasick, Phyllis R Robinson","doi":"10.1017/S0952523820000085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523820000085","url":null,"abstract":"In our recent article, Fasick et al. (2019), we examined 18 amino acid positions in the whale shark Rh1 gene that have previously been identified to influence the spectral tuning of Rh1 pigments. Based on this analysis, we established a predicted absorbance value of 496 nm for whale shark Rh1. A recent paper by Hart et al. (2020) confirms the model that we presented by comparing spectral tuning residues between whale shark Rh1 and bamboo shark Rh1. Hart et al. examined 46 spectral tuning positions and concluded that the 2 Rh1 sequences possessed identical residues at all spectral tuning positions involved with the wavelength modulation of normal, wildtype Rh1 pigments. We came to the conclusion that Hara et al. may have expressed whale shark RRh rather than Rh1 based on the fact that RRh pigments typically maximally absorb light <480 nm; only the RRh and not the Rh1 opsin sequence was curated in the Hara et al. supplemental files; and that the current modeling data supported a whale shark Rh1 pigment that maximally absorbs light near 500nm. Given the fact that Hara et al. state that whale shark Rh1 and not RRh was expressed by Hara et al., we acknowledge that they expressed a pigment with an absorbance maximum of 478 nm.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":"37 ","pages":"E010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523820000085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38560741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Letter to the editor. 给编辑的信。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-08 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523820000073

Shigehiro Kuraku, Kazuaki Yamaguchi, Akihisa Terakita, Mitsumasa Koyanagi

引用次数: 1

Diabetic photoreceptors: Mechanisms underlying changes in structure and function. 糖尿病光感受器：结构和功能变化的机理。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-10-06 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523820000097

Silke Becker, Lara S Carroll, Frans Vinberg

{"title":"Diabetic photoreceptors: Mechanisms underlying changes in structure and function.","authors":"Silke Becker, Lara S Carroll, Frans Vinberg","doi":"10.1017/S0952523820000097","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0952523820000097","url":null,"abstract":"Based on clinical findings, diabetic retinopathy (DR) has traditionally been defined as a retinal microvasculopathy. Retinal neuronal dysfunction is now recognized as an early event in the diabetic retina before development of overt DR. While detrimental effects of diabetes on the survival and function of inner retinal cells, such as retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells, are widely recognized, evidence that photoreceptors in the outer retina undergo early alterations in diabetes has emerged more recently. We review data from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating a conserved reduction of electrophysiological function in diabetic retinas, as well as evidence for photoreceptor loss. Complementing in vivo studies, we discuss the ex vivo electroretinography technique as a useful method to investigate photoreceptor function in isolated retinas from diabetic animal models. Finally, we consider the possibility that early photoreceptor pathology contributes to the progression of DR, and discuss possible mechanisms of photoreceptor damage in the diabetic retina, such as enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory factors whose detrimental effects may be augmented by phototransduction.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":"37 ","pages":"E008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8694110/pdf/nihms-1761309.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38457997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of early diabetes on inner retinal neurons. 早期糖尿病对视网膜内神经元的影响。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-16 DOI: 10.1017/S095252382000005X

Erika D Eggers, Teresia A Carreon

{"title":"The effects of early diabetes on inner retinal neurons.","authors":"Erika D Eggers, Teresia A Carreon","doi":"10.1017/S095252382000005X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S095252382000005X","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic retinopathy is now well understood as a neurovascular disease. Significant deficits early in diabetes are found in the inner retina that consists of bipolar cells that receive inputs from rod and cone photoreceptors, ganglion cells that receive inputs from bipolar cells, and amacrine cells that modulate these connections. These functional deficits can be measured in vivo in diabetic humans and animal models using the electroretinogram (ERG) and behavioral visual testing. Early effects of diabetes on both the human and animal model ERGs are changes to the oscillatory potentials that suggest dysfunctional communication between amacrine cells and bipolar cells as well as ERG measures that suggest ganglion cell dysfunction. These are coupled with changes in contrast sensitivity that suggest inner retinal changes. Mechanistic in vitro neuronal studies have suggested that these inner retinal changes are due to decreased inhibition in the retina, potentially due to decreased gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, increased glutamate release, and increased excitation of retinal ganglion cells. Inner retinal deficits in dopamine levels have also been observed that can be reversed to limit inner retinal damage. Inner retinal targets present a promising new avenue for therapies for early-stage diabetic eye disease.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":"37 ","pages":"E006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S095252382000005X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38384280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Photoreceptor responses to light in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. 光感受器对光的反应在糖尿病视网膜病变的发病机制。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523820000061

Shahriyar P Majidi, Rithwick Rajagopal

{"title":"Photoreceptor responses to light in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Shahriyar P Majidi, Rithwick Rajagopal","doi":"10.1017/S0952523820000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523820000061","url":null,"abstract":"Vision loss, among the most feared complications of diabetes, is primarily caused by diabetic retinopathy, a disease that manifests in well-recognized, characteristic microvascular lesions. The reasons for retinal susceptibility to damage in diabetes are unclear, especially considering that microvascular networks are found in all tissues. However, the unique metabolic demands of retinal neurons could account for their vulnerability in diabetes. Photoreceptors are the first neurons in the visual circuit and are also the most energy-demanding cells of the retina. Here, we review experimental and clinical evidence linking photoreceptors to the development of diabetic retinopathy. We then describe the influence of retinal illumination on photoreceptor metabolism, effects of light modulation on the severity of diabetic retinopathy, and recent clinical trials testing the treatment of diabetic retinopathy with interventions that impact photoreceptor metabolism. Finally, we introduce several possible mechanisms that could link photoreceptor responses to light and the development of retinal vascular disease in diabetes. Collectively, these concepts form the basis for a growing body of investigative efforts aimed at developing novel pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic tools that target photoreceptor physiology to treat a very common cause of blindness across the world.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":"37 ","pages":"E007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523820000061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38471950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Of neurons and pericytes: The neuro-vascular approach to diabetic retinopathy. 神经元和周细胞:糖尿病视网膜病变的神经血管途径。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-08-11 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523820000048

Cyril G Eleftheriou, Elena Ivanova, Botir T Sagdullaev

{"title":"Of neurons and pericytes: The neuro-vascular approach to diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Cyril G Eleftheriou, Elena Ivanova, Botir T Sagdullaev","doi":"10.1017/S0952523820000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523820000048","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus and an increasingly common cause of visual impairment. Blood vessel damage occurs as the disease progresses, leading to ischemia, neovascularization, blood-retina barrier (BRB) failure and eventual blindness. Although detection and treatment strategies have improved considerably over the past years, there is room for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the diabetic retina. Indeed, it has been increasingly realized that DR is in fact a disease of the retina's neurovascular unit (NVU), the multi-cellular framework underlying functional hyperemia, coupling neuronal computations to blood flow. The accumulating evidence reveals that both neurochemical (synapses) and electrical (gap junctions) means of communications between retinal cells are affected at the onset of hyperglycemia, warranting a global assessment of cellular interactions and their role in DR. This is further supported by the recent data showing down-regulation of connexin 43 gap junctions along the vascular relay from capillary to feeding arteriole as one of the earliest indicators of experimental DR, with rippling consequences to the anatomical and physiological integrity of the retina. Here, recent advancements in our knowledge of mechanisms controlling the retinal neurovascular unit will be assessed, along with their implications for future treatment and diagnosis of DR.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":"37 ","pages":"E005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523820000048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38258787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Regulation of blood flow in diabetic retinopathy. 糖尿病视网膜病变的血流调节。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523820000036

Amy R Nippert, Eric A Newman

引用次数: 8

Two different areas of the nucleus glomerulosus in the South American pufferfish, Colomesus asellus. 南美河豚肾小球核的两个不同区域。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-06-17 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523820000012

Matthias Schmidt

{"title":"Two different areas of the nucleus glomerulosus in the South American pufferfish, Colomesus asellus.","authors":"Matthias Schmidt","doi":"10.1017/S0952523820000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523820000012","url":null,"abstract":"The nucleus glomerulosus (NG) in paracanthopterygian and acanthopterygian teleost fishes receives afferents from neurons of the nucleus corticalis (NC), whose dendrites extend to the layers, stratum fibrosum et griseum superficiale (SFGS) and stratum griseum centrale (SGC), of the tectum opticum. A re-examination in this study revealed, by means of tracer experiments using biotinylated dextran amine, a separation among both tectal layers, portions of the NC, and target areas in a laminated type of the NG in the South American pufferfish, Colomesus asellus. Neurons of the lateral part of the NC send their dendrites to the SFGS and project to an area located dorsolaterally and centrally in the NG. In contrast, dendrites from neurons of the medial part of the NC run to the SGC, and projections from these neurons terminate in the NG in an area extending from dorsomedial to ventrolateral in the outer portion. Therefore, these two areas in the NG receive input from different sources. The NG in the visual system of tetraodontids may be involved in higher cognitive functions requiring much energy, becoming apparent by its very high level of cytochrome c oxidase activity.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":"37 ","pages":"E003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523820000012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38109964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Preventing diabetic retinopathy by mitigating subretinal space oxidative stress in vivo. 通过减轻视网膜下空间氧化应激在体内预防糖尿病视网膜病变。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523820000024

Bruce A Berkowitz

{"title":"Preventing diabetic retinopathy by mitigating subretinal space oxidative stress in vivo.","authors":"Bruce A Berkowitz","doi":"10.1017/S0952523820000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523820000024","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with diabetes continue to suffer from impaired visual performance before the appearance of overt damage to the retinal microvasculature and later sight-threatening complications. This diabetic retinopathy (DR) has long been thought to start with endothelial cell oxidative stress. Yet newer data surprisingly finds that the avascular outer retina is the primary site of oxidative stress before microvascular histopathology in experimental DR. Importantly, correcting this early oxidative stress is sufficient to restore vision and mitigate the histopathology in diabetic models. However, translating these promising results into the clinic has been stymied by an absence of methods that can measure and optimize anti-oxidant treatment efficacy in vivo. Here, we review imaging approaches that address this problem. In particular, diabetes-induced oxidative stress impairs dark-light regulation of subretinal space hydration, which regulates the distribution of interphotoreceptor binding protein (IRBP). IRBP is a vision-critical, anti-oxidant, lipid transporter, and pro-survival factor. We show how optical coherence tomography can measure subretinal space oxidative stress thus setting the stage for personalizing anti-oxidant treatment and prevention of impactful declines and loss of vision in patients with diabetes.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":"37 ","pages":"E002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523820000024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38042325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10