Visual Neuroscience最新文献_第10页

The multifaceted role of inhibitory interneurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. 抑制中间神经元在膝状核背外侧的多方面作用。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523817000141

Charles L Cox, Joseph A Beatty

{"title":"The multifaceted role of inhibitory interneurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus.","authors":"Charles L Cox, Joseph A Beatty","doi":"10.1017/S0952523817000141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523817000141","url":null,"abstract":"Intrinsic interneurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) provide a feed-forward inhibitory pathway for afferent visual information originating from the retina. These interneurons are unique because in addition to traditional axodendritic output onto thalamocortical neurons, these interneurons have presynaptic dendrites that form dendrodendritic synapses onto thalamocortical neurons as well. These presynaptic dendrites, termed F2 terminals, are tightly coupled to the retinogeniculate afferents that synapse onto thalamocortical relay neurons. Retinogeniculate stimulation of F2 terminals can occur through the activation of ionotropic and/or metabotropic glutamate receptors. The stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors can occur with single stimuli and produces a short-lasting inhibition of the thalamocortical neuron. By contrast, activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors requires tetanic activation and results in longer-lasting inhibition in the thalamocortical neuron. The F2 terminals are predominantly localized to the distal dendrites of interneurons, and the excitation and output of F2 terminals can occur independent of somatic activity within the interneuron thereby allowing these F2 terminals to serve as independent processors, giving rise to focal inhibition. By contrast, strong transient depolarizations at the soma can initiate a backpropagating calcium-mediated potential that invades the dendritic arbor activating F2 terminals and leading to a global form of inhibition. These distinct types of output, focal versus global, could play an important role in the temporal and spatial roles of inhibition that in turn impacts thalamocortical information processing.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523817000141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35458479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The mouse pulvinar nucleus: Organization of the tectorecipient zones. 小鼠枕核:构造受体区的组织。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523817000050

N A Zhou, Phillip S Maire, Sean P Masterson, Martha E Bickford

引用次数: 69

Loss of CD40 attenuates experimental diabetes-induced retinal inflammation but does not protect mice from electroretinogram defects. CD40的缺失减轻了实验性糖尿病诱导的视网膜炎症，但不能保护小鼠免受视网膜电图缺陷的影响。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523817000074

Ivy S Samuels, Jose-Andres C Portillo, Yanling Miao, Timothy S Kern, Carlos S Subauste

引用次数: 8

The retina visual cycle is driven by cis retinol oxidation in the outer segments of cones. 视网膜的视觉循环是由顺式视黄醇氧化在锥体的外部部分驱动的。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523817000013

Shinya Sato, Rikard Frederiksen, M Carter Cornwall, Vladimir J Kefalov

{"title":"The retina visual cycle is driven by cis retinol oxidation in the outer segments of cones.","authors":"Shinya Sato, Rikard Frederiksen, M Carter Cornwall, Vladimir J Kefalov","doi":"10.1017/S0952523817000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523817000013","url":null,"abstract":"Vertebrate rod and cone photoreceptors require continuous supply of chromophore for regenerating their visual pigments after photoactivation. Cones, which mediate our daytime vision, demand a particularly rapid supply of 11-cis retinal chromophore in order to maintain their function in bright light. An important contribution to this process is thought to be the chromophore precursor 11-cis retinol, which is supplied to cones from Müller cells in the retina and subsequently oxidized to 11-cis retinal as part of the retina visual cycle. However, the molecular identity of the cis retinol oxidase in cones remains unclear. Here, as a first step in characterizing this enzymatic reaction, we sought to determine the subcellular localization of this activity in salamander red cones. We found that the onset of dark adaptation of isolated salamander red cones was substantially faster when exposing directly their outer vs. their inner segment to 9-cis retinol, an analogue of 11-cis retinol. In contrast, this difference was not observed when treating the outer vs. inner segment with 9-cis retinal, a chromophore analogue which can directly support pigment regeneration. These results suggest, surprisingly, that the cis-retinol oxidation occurs in the outer segments of cone photoreceptors. Confirming this notion, pigment regeneration with exogenously added 9-cis retinol was directly observed in the truncated outer segments of cones, but not in rods. We conclude that the enzymatic machinery required for the oxidation of recycled cis retinol as part of the retina visual cycle is present in the outer segments of cones.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523817000013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34869923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Retinal A2A and A3 adenosine receptors modulate the components of the rat electroretinogram. 视网膜A2A和A3腺苷受体调节大鼠视网膜电图成分。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523816000171

Gudmundur Jonsson, Thor Eysteinsson

{"title":"Retinal A2A and A3 adenosine receptors modulate the components of the rat electroretinogram.","authors":"Gudmundur Jonsson, Thor Eysteinsson","doi":"10.1017/S0952523816000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523816000171","url":null,"abstract":"Adenosine is a neuromodulator present in various areas of the central nervous system, including the retina. Adenosine may serve a neuroprotective role in the retina, based on electroretinogram (ERG) recordings from the rat retina. Our purpose was to assess the role of A2A and A3 adenosine receptors in the generation and modulation of the rat ERG. The flash ERG was recorded with corneal electrodes from Sprague Dawley rats. Agonists and antagonists for A2A and A3 receptors, and adenosine were injected (5 µl) into the vitreous. The effects on the components of the single flash scotopic and photopic ERGs were examined, and ERG flicker. Adenosine (0.5 mM) increased the mean amplitudes of the scotopic ERG a-waves (68 ± 8 to 97 ± 14 µV, P = 0.042), and b-waves (236 ± 38 µV to 305 ± 42 µV). A2A agonist CGS21680 (2 mM) reduced the mean amplitude of the ERG b-wave, from 298 ± 21 µV in response to the brightest stimulus to 212 ± 19 µV (P = 0.005), and mean scotopic oscillatory potentials (OPs) from 100 ± 9 µV to 47 ± 11 µV (P = 0.023). ZM241385 [4 mM], an A2A antagonist, decreased the scotopic b-wave of the ERG. A3 agonist 2-CI-IB-MECA (0.5 mM) increased the a-wave, while decreasing the scotopic and photopic ERG b-waves, and the scotopic OPs. A3 antagonist VUF5574 (1 mM) increased the mean amplitude of the scotopic a-wave (66 ± 8 to 140 ± 29 µV, P = 0.046) and b-wave (224 ± 20 to 312 ± 39 µV, P = 0.0037). No significant effects on ERG flicker were found. We conclude that retinal neurons containing A2A and/or A3 adenosine receptors contribute to the generation of the ERG a- and b-waves and OPs.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523816000171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34821530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Connexin 36 expression is required for electrical coupling between mouse rods and cones. 小鼠视杆细胞和视锥细胞之间的电耦合需要连接蛋白 36 的表达。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523817000037

Sabrina Asteriti, Claudia Gargini, Lorenzo Cangiano

{"title":"Connexin 36 expression is required for electrical coupling between mouse rods and cones.","authors":"Sabrina Asteriti, Claudia Gargini, Lorenzo Cangiano","doi":"10.1017/S0952523817000037","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0952523817000037","url":null,"abstract":"Rod-cone gap junctions mediate the so-called \"secondary rod pathway\", one of three routes that convey rod photoreceptor signals across the retina. Connexin 36 (Cx36) is expressed at these gap junctions, but an unidentified connexin protein also seems to be expressed. Cx36 knockout mice have been used extensively in the quest to dissect the roles in vision of all three pathways, with the assumption, never directly tested, that rod-cone electrical coupling is abolished by deletion of this connexin isoform. We previously showed that when wild type mouse cones couple to rods, their apparent dynamic range is extended toward lower light intensities, with the appearance of large responses to dim flashes (up to several mV) originating in rods. Here we recorded from the cones of Cx36del[LacZ]/del[LacZ] mice and found that dim flashes of the same intensity evoked at most small sub-millivolt responses. Moreover, these residual responses originated in the cones themselves, since: (i) their spectral preference matched that of the recorded cone and not of rods, (ii) their time-to-peak was shorter than in coupled wild type cones, (iii) a pharmacological block of gap junctions did not reduce their amplitude. Taken together, our data show that rod signals are indeed absent in the cones of Cx36 knockout mice. This study is the first direct demonstration that Cx36 is crucial for the assembly of functional rod-cone gap junctional channels, implying that its genetic deletion is a reliable experimental approach to eliminate rod-cone coupling.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523817000037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35458480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Not a one-trick pony: Diverse connectivity and functions of the rodent lateral geniculate complex. 不是一招鲜啮齿动物外侧膝曲复合体的多种连接和功能

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523817000098

Aboozar Monavarfeshani, Ubadah Sabbagh, Michael A Fox

{"title":"Not a one-trick pony: Diverse connectivity and functions of the rodent lateral geniculate complex.","authors":"Aboozar Monavarfeshani, Ubadah Sabbagh, Michael A Fox","doi":"10.1017/S0952523817000098","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0952523817000098","url":null,"abstract":"Often mislabeled as a simple relay of sensory information, the thalamus is a complicated structure with diverse functions. This diversity is exemplified by roles visual thalamus plays in processing and transmitting light-derived stimuli. Such light-derived signals are transmitted to the thalamus by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the sole projection neurons of the retina. Axons from RGCs innervate more than ten distinct nuclei within thalamus, including those of the lateral geniculate complex. Nuclei within the lateral geniculate complex of nocturnal rodents, which include the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), and intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), are each densely innervated by retinal projections, yet, exhibit distinct cytoarchitecture and connectivity. These features suggest that each nucleus within this complex plays a unique role in processing and transmitting light-derived signals. Here, we review the diverse cytoarchitecture and connectivity of these nuclei in nocturnal rodents, in an effort to highlight roles for dLGN in vision and for vLGN and IGL in visuomotor, vestibular, ocular, and circadian function.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755970/pdf/nihms929595.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35458478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The interaction between orientation and motion signals in moving oriented Glass patterns. 移动取向玻璃图案中取向与运动信号的相互作用。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523817000086

Andrea Pavan, Lucy M Bimson, Martin G Gall, Filippo Ghin, George Mather

{"title":"The interaction between orientation and motion signals in moving oriented Glass patterns.","authors":"Andrea Pavan, Lucy M Bimson, Martin G Gall, Filippo Ghin, George Mather","doi":"10.1017/S0952523817000086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523817000086","url":null,"abstract":"Previous psychophysical evidence suggests that motion and orientation processing systems interact asymmetrically in the human visual system, with orientation information having a stronger influence on the perceived motion direction than vice versa. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this motion-form interaction we used moving and oriented Glass patterns (GPs), which consist of randomly distributed dot pairs (dipoles) that induce the percept of an oriented texture. In Experiment 1 we varied the angle between dipole orientation and motion direction (conflict angle). In separate sessions participants either judged the orientation or motion direction of the GP. In addition, the spatiotemporal characteristics of dipole motion were manipulated as a way to limit (Experiment 1) or favor (Experiment 2) the availability of orientation signals from motion (motion streaks). The results of Experiment 1 showed that apparent GP motion direction is attracted toward dipole orientation, and apparent GP orientation is repulsed from GP motion. The results of Experiment 2 showed stronger repulsion effects when judging the GP orientation, but stronger motion streaks from the GP motion can dominate over the signals provided by conflicting dipole orientation. These results are consistent with the proposal that two separate mechanisms contribute to our perception of stimuli which contain conflicting orientation and motion information: (i) perceived GP motion is mediated by spatial motion-direction sensors, in which signals from motion sensors are combined with excitatory input from orientation-tuned sensors tuned to orientations parallel to the axis of GP motion, (ii) perceived GP orientation is mediated by orientation-tuned sensors which mutually inhibit each other. The two mechanisms are revealed by the different effects of conflict angle and dipole lifetime on perceived orientation and motion direction.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523817000086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35457555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Purinergic modulation of frog electroretinographic responses: The role of the ionotropic receptor P2X7. 青蛙视网膜电图反应的嘌呤能调节:嗜离子受体P2X7的作用。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523817000128

Petia Kupenova, Elka Popova, Liliya Vitanova

{"title":"Purinergic modulation of frog electroretinographic responses: The role of the ionotropic receptor P2X7.","authors":"Petia Kupenova, Elka Popova, Liliya Vitanova","doi":"10.1017/S0952523817000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523817000128","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of the purinergic receptors P2X7 (P2X7Rs) to the electroretinographic (ERG) responses was studied by testing the effects of the selective P2X7R antagonist A438079 and the selective P2X7R agonist Bz-ATP on the electroretinograms obtained in perfused frog (Rana ridibunda) eyecup preparations under a variety of stimulation conditions. The P2X7R blockade by 200 µM A438079 diminished the amplitude of the photoreceptor components: the a-wave and the pharmacologically isolated mass receptor potential. In the pure rod-driven and pure cone-driven responses, the amplitude of the postreceptoral ON (b-wave) and OFF (d-wave) components was also diminished. The OFF responses were affected to a greater extent compared to the ON responses. In the mixed rod- and cone-driven responses, obtained in the mesopic intensity range, the b-wave amplitude was increased, while the d-wave amplitude was decreased. The amplitude of the oscillatory potentials was diminished. The relative amplitude changes produced by the P2X7R blockade were greater in the dark-adapted compared to the light-adapted eyes. The application of 100 µM Bz-ATP produced small effects opposite to those of the antagonist, while a prolonged (>20 min) treatment with 1 mM Bz-ATP resulted in a significant amplitude reduction or even abolishment of b- and d-waves. Our results show that endogenous ATP through its P2X7Rs exerts significant, mostly potentiating effects on the ERG photoreceptor and postreceptoral responses. There is a clear ON/OFF asymmetry of the effects on the ERG postreceptoral responses favoring OFF responses: they are always strongly potentiated, while the ON responses are either less potentiated (in the rod-driven and most of the cone-driven responses) or even inhibited (in the mixed rod- and cone-driven responses). The overstimulation of P2X7Rs can produce acute pathological changes, that is, a decrease or abolishment of the ERG responses.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523817000128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35462248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Imaging the adult zebrafish cone mosaic using optical coherence tomography-CORRIGENDUM. 使用光学相干层析成像成年斑马鱼锥体马赛克-勘误。

IF 1.9 4区医学

Visual Neuroscience Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0952523817000025

Alison L Huckenpahler, Melissa A Wilk, Robert F Cooper, Francie Moehring, Brian A Link, Joseph Carroll, Ross F Collery

{"title":"Imaging the adult zebrafish cone mosaic using optical coherence tomography-CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Alison L Huckenpahler, Melissa A Wilk, Robert F Cooper, Francie Moehring, Brian A Link, Joseph Carroll, Ross F Collery","doi":"10.1017/S0952523817000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523817000025","url":null,"abstract":"Fig. 2. Deriving the lateral scale of in vivo OCT images of the fl i1 : eGFP zebrafi sh retina. ( A ) En face image generated by positioning the custom contour within the RNFL. Measurements (in pixels) were taken between multiple blood vessel branch points (white dots). ( B ) Corresponding ex vivo fl uorescent microscopy image of the same retina, with measurements (in μm) taken between the same blood vessel branch points in ( A ). The OCT:microscopy measurements were averaged for each eye and used to determine the size of the OCT scan in μm. A scaling coeffi cient for each scan was calculated as the ratio between the measured size of the OCT scan to the nominal OCT scan size (in this case, 1200 μm). ( C ) The scaling coeffi cient for each scan was plotted against the axial length for that eye and fi t with a linear model. Error bars represent one standard deviation for each eye. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523816000092 . Published by Cambridge University Press, 17 October, 2016.","PeriodicalId":23556,"journal":{"name":"Visual Neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0952523817000025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35458482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0