Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Management of tea (Camellia sinensis) diseases with application of microbes: A Review","authors":"Kishor Chand Kumhar","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i2.44271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i2.44271","url":null,"abstract":"Tea (Camellia sp) is one of the most economically important plantation crops and the second-largest non-alcoholic beverage in the world next to water being consumed by people in different forms. It is cultivated mainly in Assam, West Bengal covering the regions such as Darjeeling, Dooars, Terai, and Southern India in about 6.36 lakh hectares with a production of about 1338 million Kg made teas. Darjeeling tea is world-famous for its specific aroma and flavor whereas Assam is known for premier CTC teas. Among various challenges encounter on its bountiful production and desired quality, the occurrence of numerous diseases is one of the major factors. Different fungal and one algal genus are considered as the major phytopathogens to cause leaf, stem, and root diseases. Blight (blister, grey and brown), dieback, charcoal stem rot, root rot (brown, violet) and black rot are the major threat to tea sustainability. These diseases can be managed through the timely adoption of good agricultural practices (GAP). For the past couple of decades, owing to the increased awareness about the adverse effects of synthetic fungicides usage, people have been looking for ideal alternative strategies to take care of tea diseases in India under the organic production system. Microbes such as genus Trichoderma, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Actinomycetes etc. are capable of providing a protective umbrella to this crop against different diseases. This review article highlights the possible uses of different microorganisms in managing the diseases and it covers almost till date development in this field.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128272912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SELECTION OF POTATO APICAL LEAF CURL VIRUS DISEASE-RESISTANT GENOTYPES, PEST SURVEILLANCE, SEED DEGENERATION, AND MANAGEMENT OF APHID IN FIELD CONDITIONS","authors":"K. Kumhar, A. Bhatia, Dalvinder PAL SINGH","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i1.44223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i1.44223","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Under All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Potato, studies on the selection of potato apical leaf curl virus disease-resistant genotypes, pest surveillance, seed degeneration, and management of aphid in field conditions were conducted at Hisar during 2017–2018.\u0000Methods: Sowing of seed tubers was done at recommended time and spacing in every experiment followed by spraying of required insecticides. Observations on different aspects were recorded and statistically analyzed to present results in tabular format.\u0000Results and Discussion: Out of 100 germplasm, seven were resistant and one was moderately resistant to potato apical leaf curl New Delhi virus, all the local genotypes were susceptible to disease. There was infestation of aphids, jassids, thrips, and whitefly irrespective of cultivars. Severe mosaic incidence ranged from 63.6 to 93.2%. The breeder seed was superior as it resulted in the highest seed tuber emergence (98.94%) and the least incidence of leafroll disease (0.80%) followed by seed tuber of seed plot technique (SPT). The conventional seed performed the poorest in terms of emergence and exhibited the highest disease incidence. Aphid appeared in the 47th meteorological week and it approached the ET level in the 52nd week. Whitefly population was the highest in the 47th week which continuously declined. Jassid population was very mild and thrips appeared in the 52nd week. Flonicamid 50 WG caused higher aphid mortality than imidacloprid after 24 h of spray. The maximum and minimum temperatures varied from 16.9 to 35.7 and 2.6 to 16.2° C, respectively. The morning and evening relative humidity was in the range of 82–100 and 24–75%, respectively. The wind speed ranged from 1.0 to 3.6 KMPH and the sun was shined from 0.3 to 7.6 h. The results of this study are close conformity of earlier researchers.\u0000Conclusion: It is concluded that resistant genotypes, breeder seed, and seed produced through SPT are promising in managing the disease successfully. Flonicamid is a good alternative of imidacloprid. Aphid is a major pest that plays a key role in transmitting viral disease of this crop, its population touched ET level in the 52nd week.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116500642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF FOOD PRICE INFLATION ON RURAL HOUSEHOLDS’ FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Ifeoma Q. ANUGWA, Sam C. Ugwu","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i1.43671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i1.43671","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study examined the perceived effects of food price inflation on the food security status of rural farming households’ in Enugu state, Nigeria.\u0000Methods: The 18-item USDA household food security survey module was used in determining the food security status of the respondents. Mean scores were used to analyze the perceived causes and effects of food price inflation, respectively.\u0000Results: Majority of the households were food insecure, and the cost of production of major crops and prices of major stable foods had been on the increase for the 3 years (2016, 2015, and 2014) reviewed. The major cause of food price inflation was climate change while its major effects on household food insecurity were reduction in caloric intake, among others. Eating foods that are less preferred were the most frequently used coping strategy in cushioning the effects of food insecurity.\u0000Conclusion: The findings reveal how food price inflation affects rural farming households’ food security situation and thus assist the government and policy-makers to design and implement appropriate policy interventions.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114885038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACCESS AND USE OF PRINT MEDIA IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AMONG RURAL FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Njoku Jik, Mbah Go","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i1.43099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i1.43099","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: of the study analyzed the use and effectiveness of print media in technology transfer among rural farm households in Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to; describe the socio-economic profile of the respondent; ascertain the access to print media by rural farm households; determine the frequency of print media in technology transfer in the study area; examine the perceived effectiveness of print media technology transferred; Identify the constraints affecting the use of print media in the transfer of agricultural technologies in Imo State, and determine the factors influencing the use of print media in technology transfer among rural households in Imo State.\u0000Methodology: Multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 126 farm households for the study. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the ordinary least square multiple regression model.\u0000Result and Discussion: Result revealed that 48.4% and 51.9% of the farmers were males and females respectively, with a mean age of 43 years, mean household size of 5 persons, mean farming experience of 29 years, mean education of 14 years, mean annual income ofN31,573.8 and majority (81.7%) were married. A majority (x̅ =2.92%) had highest access to posters and flyers (87.3%). The highest frequently used print media was flyers (x̅ = 2.9). Result also showed that the use of print media in technology transfer among rural farmers was effective although all (100%) the respondents were not giving the opportunity to ask questions. the coefficient of age, cost, farming experience, farm size household size, frequency of extension contact and access to print media significantly influenced the use of print media in technology transfer. Time-consuming (x̅ = 2.8), high cost (x̅ = 2.6), limited space (x̅ = 2.6), inaccessible roads, (x̅ = 2.3) political censor (2.6) and no interaction (x̅ = 2.5) were serious constraints to the use of print media in technology transfer.\u0000Conclusion: The study concluded that the socioeconomic characteristics of the farmers influenced the use of print media in technology transfer that could improve their farm activities.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115120250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTRODUCTION TO AFRICA YAM BEAN (SPHENOSTYLIS STENOCARPA (HOCHST. EX A. RICH.) HARMS)","authors":"Gbenga OLUWAYOMI AGBOWURO","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i4.43171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i4.43171","url":null,"abstract":"Food security and malnutrition are great concerns in developing and under-developed nations. Climate change, political unrest, and all sorts of crises within these nations and their neighboring nations have contributed greatly to the issue of food insecurity, malnutrition, and hunger. Many food plants that have the potential to combat the challenges of food insecurities and malnutrition in the face of climate change have been neglected, under-utilized and some of the crops are on their way to extinction. African yam bean (AYB) is one of the numerous crops with great potential in overcoming the problems associated with food and nutritional insecurities. AYB under-utilization, poor acceptance, and neglect by the farmers and consumers may be a result of poor awareness about its nutritional and health benefits, poor agronomy practices adopted by the farmers, and other production limiting factors such as low yield and long maturity period. Information that can guide the farmers and consumers for the commercial production and processing of AYB is not readily available. This review aims to summarize and made available information on AYB for the farmers and the consumers for it to be commercialized and for the researchers to see reasons and areas to make improvements on the crop.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133780645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT, FABRICATION, AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF INDIRECT MULTI-PORTIONED TYPE SOLAR DRYER FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE","authors":"I. Haq, Husnain Azam, N. Firdous, M. Muddassir, A. Sahar, Haroon Saleem, M. Usman, Adil Majeed","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i5.41847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i5.41847","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to minimize post-harvest damages and improve the handling of agricultural commodities. The secondary objective was to assess the performance of the dryer by varying inlet velocity of air on temperature, final moisture of the product, drying period, and drying rate\u0000METHODS: The present research was carried out for the development, fabrication, and testing of a multi-portioned type solar dryer. The multi-portioned dryer consisted of a collector unit, air storage chamber, drying cabins, and a chimney. A fan assembly was also attached at the inlet of the collector and at the outlet of the drying compartment to control the air velocity and to remove the moist air.\u0000RESULTS: The data obtained from the experiments revealed that the maximum temperature elevation of 36.5oC was attained during a no-load test. The results obtained after carrying out load tests revealed that the maximum drying rate of 47 g/hr was achieved at the air inlet velocity of 3.2 m/s. The initial moisture content of 80.50% was brought down to 3.31% in five sunshine hours of 150 gram sliced potatoes. Each portion received air at varying speeds, and it was observed that the portion receiving air at the lowest speed had the maximum temperature.\u0000CONCLUSION: The lowest temperature elevation was recorded for the portion receiving air at the highest speed. The dryer was also found to be suitable for the on-field practical application for the drying of perishable commodities.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127028467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRODUCTION ECONOMICS AND MARKETING OF POTATO IN OKHALDHUNGA, NEPAL","authors":"Bibek Phulara, B. Acharya, S. Adhikari, Bhawana Ojha, U. Sigdel","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i5.42515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i5.42515","url":null,"abstract":"Potato is a major staple food crops in the hilly region of Nepal. To assess the production economics and marketing of potato, a study was conducted at Siddicharan municipality and Molung rural municipality of Okhaldhunga, Nepal in 2019. Altogether 60 samples, 30 from each location were selected randomly. Economic analysis was performed through cost benefit analysis and Cobb Douglas Production function. Among the different variety used by the farmers, Kufri Jyoti was the most preferred variety. The main constraints in potato production were shortage of irrigational structure followed by low information on use of chemical fertilizer, lack of labor at the time of harvesting, insufficient quantity of manure, prevalence of middle man, high cost of transportation, and unavailability of improved seed. The mean difference between the farm gate price and market price of Siddicharan and Molung was 7.33 and 5.96, respectively, which were statistically significant at p<0.1. The overall average benefit cost ratio was found to be 1.23 in which Siddicharan and Molung had BC ratio of 1.55 and 0.99, respectively, which was significant at p<0.01 which indicated that farming in Molung was not profitable. Overall the seed cost, labor cost, FYM cost, and bullocks cost should be increased by 900%, 186.95%, 101.88%, and 626.31%, respectively, and chemical cost, machinery cost, and transportation cost should be decreased by 99.98%, 73.11%, and 99.57%, respectively. Return to scale was found to be 0.227 which implies that it was increasing at decreasing rate of return.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132683647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT USING RAINFALL DEFICIT INDEX FOR EFFECTIVE CROP PRODUCTION IN YOLA SOUTH LGA, ADAMAWA STATE NIGERIA","authors":"Sadiq Aa","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i4.40771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i4.40771","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at characterization of meteorological drought using rainfall deficit index (RDI) for effective Crop Production in Yola South LGA, Adamawa State Nigeria. Rainfall data for the period of 50 years (1969–2018) were analyzed using RDI. The results revealed that the month of March, April, May, June, and October were characterized as severe drought episodes with <26% of mean rainfall in 34–50 years of the study period. The month of July experienced severe drought in 21 years and 16 years (33%) in September. August was characterized with normal rainfall in 17 years (34%) and no drought episodes occurred in 16 years (32%), respectively. The annual drought characterization shows that 39 years (78%) were classified with no drought where only 10% (5 years) were quantified as severe drought which mostly occurred in the first (1969–1978) and fourth (1999–2008) decades under the study. To realize effective crop production, farmers are, therefore, recommended to adjust the planting dates and also to adopt the use of early maturing crop varieties with low water use efficiency in the area.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USING HISTORIC SITES IN DETERMINING PLANT-SOIL INTERACTIONS UNDER LONG TERM CONTAMINATED SOILS","authors":"E. Lateef, J. Hall, A. Yassen, M. A. El-Salam, A. Salem","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i5.41763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i5.41763","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships between heavy metals in soils and crop tissues are critical in understanding the potential risk to crop yields from Zn, Cu and Ni (the principal phytotoxic elements of concern in sludge), and the possible effects on dietary Cd (the critical zootoxic element that is labile in sludge-treated soil and readily absorbed by plants. These relationships cannot be derived from the agronomic trials because the quantities of heavy metals applied to the soil in sludge are small. These are field sites have been treated with sludge for many years in operational practice and where the oncentrations of heavy metals have been significantly raised above background values, representing potentially a worse-case of soil contamination. The purpose of the study was to provide a surrogate for long-term sludge-treated agricultural soil by examining the effects on crops of heavy metals in soil irrigated with raw sewage effluent for periods of more than 80 years and containing significantly elevated concentrations of heavy metals. Methodology: Two surveys of the Gabal El Asfar Old Farm were undertaken to assess the long-term effects of heavy metals in sludge-treated soil on crop quality. In the first survey, the relationships between total and DTPA extractable heavy metals in soil and concentrations in citrus fruit were examined. Concentrations of heavy metals in leaves of citrus were measured in the second survey and related to total and DTPA extractable metals in soil.\u0000The heavy metal contents of citrus leaves and fruit (orange - eleven sampling sites; mandarin - four sampling sites), and total and DTPA extractable concentrations in soils were measured in samples collected from different areas of the Farm during two site surveys. Total and DTPA concentrations of heavy metals in the surveyed soils showed significant enrichment by long-term irrigation with sewage effluent. For example, the maximum total concentrations of Zn and Cu were 530 and 366 mg kg-1, respectively, representing a potential risk to crop yields The maximum Cd concentration detected was 9 mg kg-1 and may be a potential risk to the human food chain from uptake into staple crops grown at the farm. DTPA extractable metals were significantly (P<0.001) correlated with the total contents of Zn (r=0.91***), Cu (r=0.83***), Ni (r=0.63***) and Pb (r=0.85***) in soil when data from both surveys were pooled for statistical evaluation. There was also evidence of a weak relationship between DTPA extractable Cd and the total soil Cadmium is the only element of concern in terms of the risk to human health from uptake into food crops grown on sludge-treated soil. The total Cd concentration in soil was raised to a value 3 times the maximum EU limit for this element in sludge-treated agricultural soil. Despite the marked increase in soil Cd content, there was no detectable transfer into citrus leaves or fruit (Figure 1). The absence of Cd uptake into citrus fruit is to be expected because fruits are amon","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123533746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CRAYFISH PROCESSING IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Ahamefule Ba, Okpara Bo, Peter Li","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i6.41591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2021.v9i6.41591","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Crayfish production is a source of both direct and indirect employment. It is a major income generating activity that offers substantial economic benefits to traders and has the potential to address food security problems. Hence, the work analyzed the profitability of crayfish production and the determinants while highlighting the constraints to crayfish production.\u0000Methods: The multistage random sampling procedure was used to select 120 crayfish producers. Quantitative analytical techniques were employed in the analysis. Socioeconomic characteristics and constraints were assessed using descriptive statistical tools, while the level of profit and its determinants were evaluated using the farm budgeting technique and ordinary least square multiple regression techniques, respectively.\u0000Results: Crayfish production is a profitable venture with a return on investment of ₦45,585.1. Primary occupation, household size, processing experience, and quantity processed positively affected the performance of the enterprise while labor cost, association membership, and processing costs negatively influenced the enterprise.\u0000Conclusion: Efficiency of resource use, enhanced profitability, and livelihoods can be achieved through the provision of infrastructures and improved processing equipment at subsidized rates.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127660478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}