Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS CYPERUS ESCULENTUS L. AND CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. (CYPERACEAE)","authors":"Ugiomoh Gi, E. C, O. CHIBEOSO H","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46589","url":null,"abstract":"The provision of adequate and sufficient nutrition is of paramount importance, especially in developing nations. Thus to ensure the provision of proper and adequate nutrition to such populations, exploitation of underutilized food varieties is crucial; however, Cyperus esculentus is widely consumed in Nigeria but its close relative Cyperus rotundus is sparingly eaten. The phytochemical and nutritional compositions of two Cyperus species, namely, C. rotundus (nutsedge) and C. esculentus (tiger nut) of Cyperaceae were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The phytochemical analysis reveals total alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and glycoside concentrations (g/100 g) of 14.14, 35.55, 29.23, and 14.74, respectively, in tiger nut while that of nutsedge is 16.44, 38.68, 23.23, and 13.26, respectively. Tiger nut vitamin composition includes Vit. B1 3.00%, Vit. B2 0.72%, Vit. B3 0.042%, Vit. B6 0.93%, Vit. B12 4.00%, Vit. C 0.07%, and Vit. E 0.05% while that of nut sedge includes Vit. B1 1.00%, Vit. B2 0.0.97%, Vit. B3 0.05%, Vit. B6 1.00%, Vit. B12 3.00%, Vit. C 0.10%, and Vit. E 0.03%. The concentration of these vitamins (Vit.) in both species was relatively low compared to Vit. A with 19.02% in tiger nut and 15.02% in nutsedge. Other phytochemicals detected include saponins (5.00 ppm for tiger nut and 7.00 ppm for nutsedge), tannins (6.00 ppm for tiger nut and 8.00 ppm for nutsedge), oxalate (4.01 ppm for tiger nut and 3.01 ppm for nut edge), and phytates (6.04 ppm for tiger nut and 7.05 ppm for nutsedge). The presence of these phytochemicals confirms the medicinal abilities of these two Cyperus species.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116160649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THEMATIC MEASURES FOR REDUCING POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF VEGETABLE CROPS AMONG FARMERS IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"Mbah En, Amah Ne, Okeke Mn","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46590","url":null,"abstract":"The survey was carried out to ascertain thematic measures for reducing post-harvest losses of vegetable crops among farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. Questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 96 respondents used for the study. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean score, and standard deviation. Findings of the study revealed that about 57% of the respondents were females while 42.7% were males, 46.9% of the respondents were aged 31–40 years, and majority (80.2%) were married with 75.0% of the respondents having farming as a major occupation. A greater percentage (78.1%) of the respondents had between 6 and 10 years of farming experience and mean household size of about six persons. Results show effects of post-harvest losses to include reduction in income generation (M=3.80), decrease in quality of produce (M=3.66), unstable supply of produce (M=3.39), high cost of vegetable (M=3.30), decrease in nutritional content of the produce (M=3.26), loss of investment made by the farmer (M=3.25), and reduction on availability of vegetables for household consumption (M=3.24). Adequate provision of storage facilities (M=3.85), proper cleaning of produce (M=3.65), proper packaging of produce (M=3.60), adequate transportation facilities (M=3.56), sale of produce immediately after harvest (M=3.45), and harvesting at the right time (M=3.45) were measures indicated by the respondents for reducing post-harvest losses of vegetable crops. The study therefore recommends that there is a need for provision of adequate storage facilities to prevent losses of vegetable crops after harvesting. It also highlights that good sanitation practices in all post-harvest operations are very important factors in eliminating sources of infection and reducing contamination.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122677564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QUALITY ASSURANCE, SAFETY, AND ACCEPTABILITY OF STORED YELLOW LACTIC LAFUN: AN INDEX OF INCREASING IT SHELF LIFE","authors":"A. Fawole, K. Ogungbemi, Emmanuel Odunayo Okedara, A. Kolapo, Oladotun AYODELE FATOKI","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46513","url":null,"abstract":"Storability and shelf life of lafun has been a major challenge, especially in Nigeria, being a developing country that has limited or no storage facilities. Hence, necessitates a continuous search for remedies. This study thus evaluates the quality, safety, and acceptability of stored lactic lafun using different packaging materials. A 120 kg of cassava “TMS – IBA 01137” was procured from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo state, Nigeria, and was fermented using Weissella koreensis stock culture obtained from University of Readings, United Kingdom. The fermented product was allowed for further processing; to obtain the end product “Lactic lafun.” The samples were then introduced into four different packaging materials which include Ziploc transparent bag, Ziploc opaque bag, vacuum sealed transparent bag, and vacuum sealed opaque bag for 90 days. Physicochemical, pasting, sensory, and microbial analyses were carried out every 30 days. The results showed for microbial analysis, showed that the Ziploc materials contain high microbial count as it has the highest count of bacteria (6.8–7.5 LogCFU) and fungi (7.0–9.0 LogCFU) throughout the storage period. The proximate analysis also showed increase in moisture content (p<0.05) in transparent packaging materials when compared with their baseline sample at day 0 (3.5±0.09) whereas, there was no significant changes in the ash, fiber, CHO, and lipid across all the samples. The carotenoid content level decreased significantly (0.212±0.04) in the transparent packaging materials with increasing days of storage when compared to the baseline sample (1.977±0.012). There is a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the hydrogen cyanide of the lafun sample when compared to the baseline. The organoleptic property showed no significant difference in the acceptability of all the samples. It can, therefore, be concluded that lactic lafun produced from yellow cassava stored in opaque materials presents a viable and sustainable means of tackling carotenoid deficiencies and spoilage of lafun over a long period of time.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114910563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GENETIC RELATEDNESS AMONG MAIZE INBRED LINES BASED ON ISSR MARKERS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HETEROSIS AND HYBRID PERFORMANCE","authors":"A. Al-Naggar, A. Soliman, Mona Hashem Hussien, S. Ibrahim, Elham Mohamed HASSAN MOHAMED","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46548","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of the present study were to measure the genetic diversity among eight inbred lines of maize using ISSR markers and the correlation coefficients between genetic diversity and each of heterosis and mean performance of hybrids for grain yield. Ten ISSR primers were used in the detection of polymorphism of the eight inbred lines in a laboratorial experiment. Heterosis and mean performance of grain yield/ha in their F1 diallel crosses were measured in a 2-year field experiment using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Based on ISSR markers, the genetic similarity coefficients among the eight maize inbred lines ranged from 0.798 (between L17 and IL53) to 0.943 (between IL80 and IL84) with an average of 0.869. Unique bands associated with maize inbred lines were identified. The results revealed that the genetic diversity among the inbred lines based on ISSR markers showed a significant, and negative relationship with mid-parent heterosis and mean performance of grain yield/ha. Further, intensive investigation of a large set of maize inbred lines from diverse populations using a large number of ISSR primers is required for proper understanding of genetic diversity of maize crop. Findings will be valuable for maize breeder, to practice effective selection of parental inbred lines for obtaining maximum heterosis and high mean grain yield/ha in their hybrids.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124923387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SURVEY OF EDIBLE FOREST INSECTS UTILIZED BY THE PEOPLE IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA","authors":"Olujobi Oj, Abdul-Hussein Ma","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i6.46536","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to take inventory of edible forest insects and evaluate their contributions to the livelihood of the people of southwest Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select three states (Lagos, Ogun and Kwara). Four towns were selected in each of the states while five respondents were randomly selected from each town. Sixty (60) Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to selected respondents in the study area. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study showed that majority of the respondents are married (53.4 %), female (61.7 %) with (75 %) having at least secondary education. The study also revealed that 10 different insects were collected and utilized for various purposes by the respondents with Macrotermes bellicosus and Apis mellifera being the most sort after insects, (18.2 %) each, while 66.7 % of the respondents collect/harvest their products during raining season mostly by hunting (30.1 %). Majority (70.7 %) of the respondents generate over ₦20,000 from sales of edible insects annually, while 21.5 % of the respondents opined that seasonal availability and irritating physical structure are the major constraints militating against the consumption of edible insects in the study area. Avoiding deforestation and indiscriminate forest fire were the major conservation measures suggested by the respondents. It was recommended that government should enforce legislation against bush burning and illegal felling of trees.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128966013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REDUCED INSECTICIDE APPLICATIONS CAN ENHANCE NATURAL ENEMIES OF BEMISIA TABACI IN COTTON","authors":"J. Nazir, Muhammad Arshad Shakeel, Muhammad Asad Saleem, M. A. Qayyum, I. Naz","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i5.46498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i5.46498","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive amount of insecticides destroys natural enemies of cotton pests and consequently the population of whitefly flares up. The present research focused on the use of PB ropes to reduce application of insecticides and to investigate the ecological impact on Bemisia tabaci and beneficial fauna in cotton fields. Two cotton varieties (BS-15 and NIAB-878) were sown in research area of MNS University of Agriculture, Multan during 2018 on 30 acres. PB ropes dispensers (PB-ropes L®) were installed at 120/acre at pin head square stage of cotton. It was observed that application of PB ropes reduced need for insecticide applications, thus helped conservation of beneficial fauna in cotton fields throughout the season, which kept whitefly populations below EIL. Population of whitefly nymph was reduced after application (0.9/leaf-seasonal average) in PB ropes treated fields as compared to untreated check (8.1/leaf-seasonal average). Furthermore, higher population of green lacewing (4.00/plant) was observed in PB ropes treated field. It was concluded that populations of whiteflies were kept below EIL due to conservation of green lacewing. This positive effect of PB ropes is presumably due to increasing the number of cotton insect pest biological agents. This indirect effect of mating disruption (PB ropes) is of great value within the framework of IPM in cotton.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125567712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF COCOA BEAN DRIED USING DIFFERENT DRYING TECHNIQUES","authors":"Ogundare Oa, I. O, Oyewole Os, O. O., O. K","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i5.46510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i5.46510","url":null,"abstract":"Processing techniques, particularly drying because cocoa beans are extremely sensitive to moisture, have a significant impact on the quality of the final product. Fermented cocoa beans were dried using the NSPRI parabolic solar tent dryer (PSTD), wooden solar dryer (WSD), and open-air drying (OAD). The dried cocoa beans’ respective moisture contents (MCs) for PSTD, WSD, and OAD were 5.94%, 6.01%, and 6.82%, respectively. The corresponding MCs for the dried cocoa beans from PSTD, WSD, and OAD were 5.94%, 6.01%, and 6.82, respectively. It was found that the cut test scores for PSTD, WSD, and OAD were 1000, 985, and 965, respectively. This showed that, in contrast to those from WSD and OAD, the dried cocoa beans obtained from PSTD were fully brown. For WSD, OAD, and PSTD, respectively, the obtained pH values were 5.60, 5.65, and 5.80, and the total titratable acidity was 11.70 meq NaOH 100–1 g, 14.10 meq NaOH 100–1 g, and 18.30 meq NaOH 100–1 g for PSTD, WSD, and OAD, respectively. Food products’ shelf life may be indicated by the titratable acidity value. Due to its enclosed design, the NSPRI PSTD has an advantage over other drying methods because it completely eliminates the possibility of external and microbial contamination of the cocoa beans.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116488022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF SORTING AND SPACING ON THE GERMINATION OF COCONUT GROUND BED NURSERY","authors":"Koloche Musa Ibrahim, Odufale Oladapo Olanrewaju, Adaigbe Victor Chuks, Yahaya Sadiq Abdulrahman, ADEYEMI-AJIBULU Abimbola Mubo","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i5.46153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i5.46153","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation of coconut is deterred by unavailability of improved planting material. Reducing the quantity of un-germinated seed nuts will optimize nursery space as well as increase seedling production per cycle. The experimental design was randomized complete block with two treatments at two levels each and four replicates. Four hundred seed nuts were randomly selected while the remaining Four hundred were selected by sorting. The seed nuts were arranged in the seed beds in two treatment pattern “spaced” and “cluster” sowing methods with spacing of 30 cm by 30 cm and 5 cm by 5 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the spacing methods tested. As much as spacing is between 5 and 30 cm, the germination rate will be similar in ground bed nursery. There were differences in the germination parameters between the sorted and unsorted seed nuts. Sorting had significant effect on seed nut emergence 59.38A and 42.38B; p<0.05 for the unsorted and sorted, respectively. The number of days to emergence and germination was significant at 10% (84.50A; 72.72B), 25% (101.25A; 90.63B), and 50% (126.50A; 110.38B) for the unsorted and sorted respectively. The significant negative correlation coefficient (–0.56, p<0.05) between 50 and maximum germination (MGP) percentage indicated that sorted seed nuts attained 50% germination earlier than the unsorted ones. This will be effective in determining the duration of MGP percentage in the seed lots. Sorting before sowing is essential to ensure early germination of seed nuts and to achieve high germination percentage. It will as well save resources.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129144111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR [L.] MOENCH) BREEDING AND PRODUCTION IN SOUTHWESTERN PART OF ETHIOPIA-REVIEW ARTICLE","authors":"Tegegn Belete","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i4.45082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i4.45082","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, Poaceaea family) (2n = 20) is the 5th most important cereal crop and is the dietary staple of more than 500 million people in 30 countries. In Ethiopia, sorghum is the third largest cereal crop in area coverage and total production preceded by tef and maize. In Ethiopia, South and Southwestern part of Ethiopia were one of major coffee growing regions and have climatic and edaphic factors that combine well to meet the requirements of both coffee and cereals. In collaboration with sorghum improvement program, Jimma research center was conducting different sorghum experiments at Omonada, Kersa, Yem special wereda, and Shebe sombo to identify adaptable technologies for agro-ecologies of southwestern part of Ethiopia. Jimma research center conducted adaptable and high yielding technologies for mid altitude and lowland areas of southwestern part of Ethiopia. Major challenging factors for sorghum improvements were lack of varieties with specific trait and adaptatibility, diseases and insects’ threat, drought and limited availability of quality seed and instability of researchers, dieases, weeds, and birds were major breeding and production threat of Southwestern Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126961044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF RELEASED TEF (ERAGROSTIS TEF [ZUCC.] TROTTER) VARIETIES AT SOUTHWESTERN PART OF ETHIOPIA","authors":"Tegegn Belete","doi":"10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i4.45084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijags.2022.v10i4.45084","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate performance and identify high yielding and stable variety for southwestern part Ethiopia and recommend identified varieties for large scale production.\u0000Experimental Materials: Eight nationally released tef varieties were included in the study. The materials were obtained from Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC).\u0000Design and Trial Management: The experiment was conducted during the 2019 main cropping season at six locations, namely: Melko, Gechi, Omonada, Kersa, Mana, and Gooma weredas of Southwestern Ethiopia. The trial was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications at all locations under rain-fed conditions. Sowing was done manually. Spacing between plots was 1 m, whereas that between replications was 1.5 m and the total plot size was 2 m × 2 m. Seed rates were based on the recommendation which was 15 kg/ha.\u0000Result and Discussion: Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant (P < 0.05) differences among eight tef varieties of traits of days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, lodging index, above ground biomass, and grain yield across locations. This indicated the presence of performance variation among the tested varieties for grain yield and it is possible to identify high yielder varieties for possible use in these locations.\u0000Conclusion and Recommendation: In general, varieties Dagim and Kora were high yielding and stable across locations and variety Gibe, Tesfa, and Negus were stable and low yielders across locations. The high yielding and stable varieties were recommendable for large scale production in southwestern part of Ethiopia. The experiment used data collected for only one season, which may limit the strength of its recommendation. However, the results are crucial in directing the breeding decision following additional season evaluation of the varieties in the same locations.","PeriodicalId":235329,"journal":{"name":"Innovare Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130659737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}