Ultrasonics最新文献

{"title":"On the use of a Transformer Neural Network to deconvolve ultrasonic signals","authors":"T. Sendra,&nbsp;P. Belanger","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulse-echo ultrasonic techniques play a crucial role in assessing wall thickness deterioration in safety-critical industries. Current approaches face limitations with low signal-to-noise ratios, weak echoes, or vague echo patterns typical of heavily corroded profiles. This study proposes a novel combination of Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and Transformer Neural Networks (TNN) to improve thickness gauging accuracy for complex geometries and echo patterns. Recognizing the strength of TNN in language processing and speech recognition, the proposed network comprises three modules: 1. pre-processing CNN, 2. a Transformer model and 3. a post-processing CNN. Two datasets, one being simulation-generated, and the other, experimentally gathered from a corroded carbon steel staircase specimen, support the training and testing processes. Results indicate that the proposed model outperforms other AI architectures and traditional methods, providing a 5.45% improvement over CNN architectures from NDE literature, a 1.81% improvement over ResNet-50, and a 17.5% improvement compared to conventional thresholding techniques in accurately detecting depths with a precision under 0.5<span><math><mi>λ</mi></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising bulk-driven acoustic streaming in air","authors":"Christopher Stone,&nbsp;Mahdi Azarpeyvand,&nbsp;Anthony Croxford,&nbsp;Bruce Drinkwater","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bulk-driven acoustic streaming flows induced by two different high-powered ultrasonic sources in air have been measured and characterised using particle image velocimetry (PIV). These time-averaged flows are driven by the attenuation of the acoustic energy, and appear as jets in the direction of the acoustic propagation. Langevin horns and a focussed array of transducers, which operate at acoustic frequencies of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>27</mn></mrow></math></span> kHz and <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>40</mn></mrow></math></span> kHz respectively, were used to create high pressure acoustic fields, with local sound pressure levels of over 160 dB. The magnitude of the acoustic streaming flows that resulted from the Langevin horn and the focussed array were up to <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>15</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m/s</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m/s</mi></mrow></math></span> respectively. For a given peak acoustic pressure, the focussed array yielded higher acoustic streaming velocities due to the increased acoustic attenuation at the higher driving frequency. The shape of the acoustic field was found to govern the shape of the acoustic streaming velocity field, with the Langevin horn producing a wider jet with a more gradual velocity increase and decay than the focussed array. The focussed array induced a streaming velocity field where the maximum velocity occurred at a similar location to the peak acoustic pressure. Experimental PIV results were compared to a numerical model based on assumed weak non-linearity in which the attenuation of the first order pressure drives the streaming. The numerical model was able to predict the streaming velocity field with good qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution pressure imaging via background-oriented schlieren tomography: A spatiotemporal measurement for MHz ultrasound fields and hydrophone calibration","authors":"Sayaka Ichihara ,&nbsp;Masato Yamagishi ,&nbsp;Yuta Kurashina ,&nbsp;Masanori Ota ,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Tagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the spatiotemporal pressure field of MHz-focused ultrasound is measured using a background-oriented schlieren technique combined with fast checkerboard demodulation and vector tomography (VT-BOS). Hydrophones have been commonly employed to directly measure the local pressure in underwater ultrasound. However, their limitations include that they disturb the acoustic field and affect the measured pressure through the spatial averaging effect. To overcome such limitations, we propose VT-BOS as a non-contact technique for acoustic field measurements using only a background image and a camera. In our experiments, VT-BOS measures focused acoustic fields with a focal width of 1.0 mm and a frequency of 4.55 MHz, capturing traveling, reflected, and standing waves. We discuss three key features of this approach: (1) the temporal evolution of pressure measured by VT-BOS and hydrophones, (2) the differences in computational cost and spatial resolution between VT-BOS and other techniques, and (3) the measurement range of VT-BOS. The results demonstrate that VT-BOS successfully quantifies spatiotemporal acoustic fields and can estimate the hydrophones’ spatial averaging effect over a finite area. VT-BOS measures pressure fields of several MPa with high spatiotemporal resolution, requiring less computational and measurement time. It is used to measure pressure amplitudes from 0.4 to 6.4 MPa, with the potential to extend the range to 0.3–201.6 MPa by adjusting the background-to-target distance. VT-BOS is a promising tool for measuring acoustic pressure in the MHz and MPa ranges, critical for applications such as vessel flow measurement and hydrophone calibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seepage and wetting evolution characteristics of coal fracture under the dual influence of ultrasonic stimulation and surfactant modification","authors":"Qiming Huang ,&nbsp;Bo Yu ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhai ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Haonan Shi ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Hongzhan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal seam water injection can effectively improve the water content of the coal seam and control the dust pollution in the mining process from the source. In this paper, we investigate the changes in internal fracture structure and water transport in coal samples by double treatment of surfactant and ultrasonic wave on anthracite samples. Ultrasonic treatment of coal samples immersed in water and observation of the difference in wetting characteristics before and after treatment. The results demonstrate that the primary fracture in the coal samples expands within 4–5 h of ultrasonic stimulation, a new fracture with an opening between 10 and 15 µm is generated during the stimulation process and the permeability of the coal samples increases by four to eight times compared with the untreated one. It is worth noting that water can fully penetrate the newly formed fracture during the ultrasonic intervals. Ultrasound can make surfactants dissolve better, but the thermal and cavitation effects of ultrasound can also inhibit the effect of surfactants in promoting water absorption in coal. The results guide future research and development of ultrasonic-enhanced water injection technology in coal seams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex amplitude encoding metalens realizing arbitrary ultrasonic needle beams","authors":"Yu-Hang Lv ,&nbsp;Xing Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Yao ,&nbsp;Xing-Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Da-Jian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extending the depth of focus is necessary in many scenarios. Recent progress in ultrasonic applications demands various kinds of foci and poses challenges to science and technologies. Here, we propose to connect individual foci forming an ultrasonic needle beam (UNB) through complex amplitude encoding with super-units. Two phase distributions are encoded into one metalens through super-units, which realizes a complex-amplitude modulation and achieve multifocal points in space. The performance of the metalens can be improved by adjusting the parameters of super-units. Both simulations and experiments have demonstrated that the metalens designed through the proposed method can efficiently produce single or twin UNBs. Our work has potential applications in biomedical treatment and imaging, remote communication, and nondestructive detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultra-thin MXene film with high conversion efficiency for broadband ultrasonic photoacoustic transducer","authors":"Wenqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruolan Yang ,&nbsp;Lai Wei ,&nbsp;Jinxu Wei ,&nbsp;Xiangying Meng ,&nbsp;Hanyue Ma ,&nbsp;Yujia Pang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Li ,&nbsp;Hui Xia ,&nbsp;Songmei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-pressure, broadband, and miniatured ultrasound emitters are urgently needed in biomedical imaging and treatment as well as non-destructive detection. In this work, we report a laser generated ultrasonic photoacoustic transducer (LGUPT) based on an ultra-thin layer of MXene (Ti<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>C<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>T<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) nanosheets. Under the excitation of <span><math><mrow><mn>532</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>nm</mi></mrow></math></span> nanosecond laser pulses, the amplitude of the generated sound pressure can reach <span><math><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MPa</mi></mrow></math></span>, with a bandwidth of <span><math><mrow><mn>17</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MHz</mi></mrow></math></span> at the irradiation intensity of <span><math><mrow><mn>17</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>72</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>mJ</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The photoacoustic conversion efficiency of the <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>-thick MXene film/PDMS transducer was found to be <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>21</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, which is among the highest values reported to date. The MXene thin film can also be drop-casted on the curved surface of a focusing lens. The amplitude of the sound pressure signal can reach 25.3 <span><math><mi>MPa</mi></math></span> and the bandwidth <span><math><mrow><mn>19</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>7</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>MHz</mi></mrow></math></span> at a pulse laser energy of <span><math><mrow><mn>28</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>12</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>mJ</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The width of the focal spot at −3 dB of maximum amplitude was found in the range of <span><math><mrow><mi>0.14</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>mm</mi></mrow></math></span> for the optical lens based LGUPT under the condition of a laser spot diameter of <span><math><mrow><mi>15</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>mm</mi></mrow></math></span> by theoretical simulation. The water processable focusing LGUPT demonstrated excellent ultrasonic cavitation effect on the tissue mimicking agar plate. Our experimental and theoretical work highlights the potential of ultra-thin MXene film based LGUPTs for high precision photoacoustic therapy, integrated imaging and sensing instruments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial adaptive aberration correction using deep learning for phased-array ultrasound therapy","authors":"Quan Zhang,&nbsp;Weihao Sun,&nbsp;Jie Deng,&nbsp;Tingting Qi,&nbsp;Mingxi Wan,&nbsp;Mingzhu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the feasibility of a deep learning approach to correct the distortion caused by the skull, thereby developing a transcranial adaptive focusing method for safe ultrasonic treatment in opening of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). However, aberration correction often requires significant computing power and time to ensure the accuracy of phase correction. This is due to the need to solve the evolution procedure of the sound field represented by numerous discretized grids. A combined method is proposed to train the phase prediction model for correcting the phase accurately and quickly. The method comprises pre-segmentation, k-Wave simulation, and a 3D U-net-based network. We use the k-Wave toolbox to construct a nonlinear simulation environment consisting of a 256-element phased array, a small piece of skull, and water. The skull sound speed sample combining with the phase delay serves as input for the model training. The focus volume and grating lobe level obtained by the proposed approach were the closest to those obtained by the time reversal method in all relevant approaches. Furthermore, the mean peak value obtained by the proposed approach was no less than 77% of that of the time reversal method. In this study, the computational cost of each sample’s phase delay was no more than 0.05 s, which was 1/200th of the time reversal method. The proposed method eliminates the complexity of numerical calculation processes requiring consideration of more acoustic parameters, while circumventing the substantial computational resource demands and time-consuming challenges to traditional numerical approaches. The proposed method enables rapid, precise, and adaptive transcranial aberration correction on the 3D skull-based conditions, overcoming the potential inaccuracies in predicting the focal position or the acoustic energy distribution from 2D simulations. These results show the possibility of the proposed approach enabling near-real-time correction of skull-induced phase aberrations to achieve transcranial focus, thereby offering a novel option for treating brain diseases through temporary BBB opening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 107641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic emission with simulation of simultaneous ultrasonic guided wave propagation & crack propagation","authors":"Fahim Md Mushfiqur Rahman,&nbsp;Sourav Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancement of computation nondestructive evaluation (CNDE) creates an opportunity to visualize predicted signals received by sensors and may aid the development of artificial intelligence (AI) for NDE 4.0. However, traditional methods face limitations for crack propagation and guided wave propagation simulation, <em>simultaneously.</em> Modeling crack propagation using mesh-based method requires remeshing and implementation of cohesive zone model to name a few alternatives. Multiple meshfree methods have also been implemented for crack propagation but did not immediately translate to simulate the guided waves that are used to interrogate the cracks under nondestructive evaluation (NDE) framework. Ultrasonic CNDE with new era of Machine Learning (ML)/AI requires understanding the signals and its physics-based features when the guided waves propagate to interact with the crack while the crack is simultaneously growing at different time scales. To enable the future of physics to be informed and physics driven ML/AI this article presents a framework of CNDE where guided wave propagation and crack propagation are simultaneously simulated without remeshing and creates an enabling approach for the future AI implementation. A few successful case studies are presented for feasibility demonstration. Detailed flowcharts are presented for easy implementation of the method for the ultrasonic NDE community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 107637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic nonlinearity parameters in hyperelastic solids with quadratic nonlinearity","authors":"Jianmin Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In general, the nonlinear behavior of an elastic wave in isotropic hyperelastic solids with quadratic nonlinearity depends on five independent elastic constants, namely, the three third-order elastic constants and two second-order elastic constants. In this article, we show that such nonlinear behavior can be described fully by only three independent non-dimensional parameters if the wave motion is two-dimensional. Furthermore, if the motion is a plane wave, only two independent non-dimensional parameters are needed to fully describe the nonlinear behavior of the wave. These results are useful for conducting numerical simulations and for interpreting experimental measurement data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 107621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic black hole ultrasonic radiator for high-efficiency radiation","authors":"Yang Liu,&nbsp;Cheng Chen,&nbsp;Shuyu Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of conventional longitudinal transducers in the field of ultrasonic liquid processing is constrained by limitations in radiation area and directional characteristics. These limitations can be addressed through the implementation of mode conversion techniques. However, an expanded radiation area may also result in reduced acoustic radiation intensity. To mitigate this issue, this study proposes an Acoustic Black Hole Ultrasonic Radiator (ABHUR) designed to enhance ultrasound intensity and thereby achieve high-efficiency radiation. The proposed ABHUR comprises a Bolted Langevin-type Transducer (BLT) and a Curved Acoustic Black Hole (CABH) ring. A theoretical model, based on the transfer matrix method, is developed to analyze the in-plane vibrational behavior of the CABH ring, and its validity is confirmed through Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. The underwater vibrational and sound field distribution properties of the ABHUR are investigated using FEM and compared with two alternative radiators employing longitudinal-bending (L-B) and longitudinal-radial (L-R) modes. Owing to the unique properties of the Acoustic Black Hole structure (ABHs), which amplify bending wave amplitudes and concentrate energy, the ABHUR operating in L-B mode demonstrates superior ultrasound intensity. Furthermore, a prototype of the ABHUR is fabricated, and a series of three experiments are conducted to validate the operational feasibility of the proposed system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 107630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}