{"title":"Excitation design for air-coupled PMUTs for ring-down time reduction via time-domain equivalent circuit models","authors":"Zhongjie Zhang , Liang Zeng , Chunlei Xu , Rodrigo Tumolin Rocha , Tingzhong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an analytical approach to determine optimal offset signals for driving air-coupled piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs), aimed at effectively reducing ring-down time and broadening bandwidth without compromising transmission sensitivity. To achieve this, a time-domain equivalent circuit simulation platform for PMUTs is developed to quickly obtain and analyze the air-coupled PMUTs response. This platform facilitates to fast obtain the ring-down times for different excitation signals and allows continuous adjustment of parameters for the offset signal waveform. The optimal offset signal waveform is then identified by comparing ring-down times generated across various parameter configurations of offset signals in simulation. The effectiveness of these optimized offset signals achieved through the proposed method is confirmed experimentally with different driving signals. For example, for a PMUT cell with a radius of 360 μm, the ring-down time is decreased by at least 85.49 % with the obtained optimal offset signal for short-period driving signals, while the −6dB bandwidth of the PMUT is increased by more than 3.85 times with the obtained optimal offset signal for long-period driving signals. By suppressing ring-down, the proposed method minimizes the blind zone, sharpens the echo envelope, and enhances positioning accuracy for ultrasound applications. Furthermore, the developed simulation platform has significantly improved the efficiency of time-domain simulations for PMUTs research, providing a solid foundation for future system-level optimizations and studies on PMUTs applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 107711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107709
Simin Wang , Yang Liu , Chao Tao , Xiaojun Liu , Xiaoqin Qian
{"title":"Real-time super-resolution photoacoustic imaging based on speckle illumination and high-speed computed tomography","authors":"Simin Wang , Yang Liu , Chao Tao , Xiaojun Liu , Xiaoqin Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoacoustic imaging has demonstrated remarkable potential for providing both structural and functional information about biological tissue. However, acquiring real-time images with a resolution beyond acoustic resolution limit remains a critical challenge. In this study, we propose a speckle illumination photoacoustic computed tomography (SIPACT) system to overcome this limitation. This system combines high-repetition speckle illumination with rapid data acquisition, enabling real-time imaging. Leveraging multiple speckle-illuminated frames, the reconstruction method, based on the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm, produces images with the resolution exceeding the acoustic limit. Numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate that the SIPACT system improves the resolution of photoacoustic image from 78 μm to 44 μm, with acquisition time that takes only 0.1 ∼ 0.2 s. This advancement enables real-time imaging and enhances image quality, which might promise valuable imaging applications in biomedical fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 107709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2025-05-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107703
Gonglin Wang, Caibin Xu, Quanqing Lai, Mingxi Deng
{"title":"Zero-frequency wave based-SAFT imaging for high-density polyethylene with irregular surfaces","authors":"Gonglin Wang, Caibin Xu, Quanqing Lai, Mingxi Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When an ultrasound tone-burst propagates in an elastic solid with quadratic nonlinearities, a pulse wave with a carrier frequency of zero (referred to as zero-frequency wave, ZFW) will be generated due to material nonlinearity. The low acoustic attenuation characteristics of ZFW is particularly well-suited for defect detection of highly attenuative materials. In our previous study, large detection depths in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have been demonstrated using ZFW. However, in practical engineering applications, defect detection in HDPE with irregular surfaces is hindered by limitations in complex propagation path and low coupling efficiency. To address this issue, using ZFWs generated by the propagation of high-frequency ultrasonic waves, a water immersion SAFT imaging method is proposed for HDPE with irregular surfaces. The proposed method, based on the priori knowledge of geometric interface between water and the measured HDPE with irregular surface, utilizes the Snell’s law to get the propagation paths of the ZFWs. The propagation time of ZFW in water and HDPE is computed using these paths, through which its time-of-flight is obtained. The time-of-flight is subsequently utilized to calculate the intensity of each pixel. Finally, the normalized imaging results are finally generated after iterative computations across all scanning points. Experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of detecting side-drilled hole defects with a diameter of 1 mm and a longitudinal depth of approximately 100 mm in HDPE with irregular surfaces including incline surface, convex surface, and concave surface. These findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting defects in highly attenuative materials with irregular surface, demonstrating its potential as a valuable tool for non-destructive testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 107703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107700
Sourav Banerjee
{"title":"Quantized topological phase of ultrasonic guided wave with spin orbit interaction","authors":"Sourav Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acoustic and ultrasonic waves have recently been described to have quantifiable spin states. Polarization vectors that evolve over time carry information of the spin state of wave propagates in a media, that is generally non observable. Quantum analogous spin state of ultrasonic guided wave is primarily manifest nonzero spin angular momentum (SAM) and its integration over the wave path gives the topological phase acquired due to the modified polarity. The topological geometric phase gives a new opportunity to quantify damage state in materials using ultrasonic guided wave that were usually considered difficult. In this article it is shown that ultrasonic guided waves must demonstrate quantifiable topological phenomena, naturally, if specific spin orbit interaction (SOI) driven actuation is activated. By inducing artificially created SOI, SAM density can be calculated from the fundamental conserved quantity. They reveal material independent but polarity dependent behavior of wave propagation and manifest as a topological phenomenon. In this article SAM density of ultrasonic guided waves is found from the fundamentals of Noether current and three-dimensional SOI. It is shown that polarity driven manifestation of SAM can be quantified, and topological geometric phase can be calculated. Utilizing two mirrored damages in different quadrants in an isotropic media that are equivalent to each other and are indistinguishable, it is shown that SOI induced SAM and polarity driven topological phase have qualitative and quantitative differences and could be used as a parameter for ultrasonic NDE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 107700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107704
Hyunwoo Cho , Jaebin Lee , Seongjun Park , Yangmo Yoo
{"title":"Numerical investigation of optimal transmission-reception conditions for aliasing-free ultrasound localization microscopy","authors":"Hyunwoo Cho , Jaebin Lee , Seongjun Park , Yangmo Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) can surpass the diffraction-limited resolution of conventional ultrasound by localizing individual microbubbles with sub-pixel precision. However, if the point-spread function (PSF) of the imaging system is insufficiently sampled, aliasing artifacts arise and degrade both microbubble localization and motion correction accuracy. In this study, we derive and validate a set of transmit–receive conditions that ensure artifact-free PSFs without unnecessary computational overhead. We demonstrate that by appropriately selecting the plane-wave steering angles, transmit pulse cycle count, and receive aperture (F-number) in relation to the pixel spacing, high spatial frequencies in the PSF remain within the Nyquist limit for all imaging depths. Through a series of simulations, wire phantom tests, and custom flow phantom experiments, we compare undersampled, oversampled, and balanced parameters. The balanced configurations, where the maximum frequency of the PSF matches the beamforming grid, consistently mitigate aliasing artifacts, eliminate grid-like patterns, and preserve microbubble trajectories under sub-pixel translations. In a flow phantom study, we further confirm that ULM images obtained with these optimized settings retain fine details without incurring the substantial computational costs of an overly fine sampling grid. Our findings highlight the importance of analysing PSF bandwidth in both lateral and axial dimensions and offer a straightforward method to align transmit pulse width, receive aperture, and grid spacing. Ultimately, this approach provides a pathway toward efficient, high-fidelity ULM, with significant implications for real-time super-resolution imaging in clinical and preclinical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 107704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107670
Ibrahima Touré, Maxime Bilodeau, Nicolas Quaegebeur
{"title":"Ultrasonic transmission of longitudinal modes in miniaturized cylindrical waveguides","authors":"Ibrahima Touré, Maxime Bilodeau, Nicolas Quaegebeur","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the transmission and reflection of axisymmetric longitudinal L(0,<span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>) modes in miniaturized cylindrical waveguides. The theoretical framework developed herein focuses on the analysis of the propagation of longitudinal modes within a homogeneous, elastic, and isotropic cylindrical waveguide with a varying cross-section. The novelty of this paper is found in the energy calculations and the consideration of higher-order modes for accurately describing the transmission and reflection coefficients at waveguide transitions. A 2D axisymmetric Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to calculate these coefficients based on the modal energy of propagating modes across different frequencies. The influence of geometrical and material properties, along with modal density, is examined numerically. Results demonstrate that optimal transmission occurs when the wavenumber ratio of propagating modes in connected waveguides is an integer, leading to effective coupling. Experimental validation on steel rods with diameters from 4 mm to 0.8 mm shows strong agreement with numerical results. It is observed that the L(0,1) mode around 1 MHz is the most suitable mode for efficient transmission between the waveguides. In contrast, the higher-order modes (L(0,2) around 1.25 MHz, L(0,3) between 1.3 and 1.5 MHz, and L(0,4) from 2.25 MHz) exhibit weak or irregular transmission, with more pronounced reflection behaviors, indicating that they are not optimal for efficient transmission in this configuration. These findings underline the importance of an optimized geometric transition in enhancing the transmission efficiency in such miniaturized waveguides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 107670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107702
Meng Gao , DongXu Wen , Guan Liu , Liang Huang , JianJun Li
{"title":"Deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution of TC4 alloy during ultrasonic energy field-assisted deformation","authors":"Meng Gao , DongXu Wen , Guan Liu , Liang Huang , JianJun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic vibration-assisted compression tests on TC4 alloy are performed at room temperature under various deformation and ultrasonic conditions. The influence of strain rate and Ultrasonic Energy Field (UEF) on plastic deformation behaviors and microstructure evolution is analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the flow stress exhibits a decreasing trend either with the decrease of strain rate or the application of UEF. As the strain rate increases, the slip system activity is impaired with the deceleration of dislocation motion. The uneven intragranular deformation takes place, and the grain structure shows the severe elongation characteristics. With the application of UEF, the high activity of slip system enhances dislocation motion, and boosts the formation of soft orientations <span><math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>0001</mn><mo>></mo></mrow></math></span> in basal plane and <span><math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>10</mn><mover><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><mn>0</mn><mo>></mo></mrow></math></span> in prismatic plane, which further facilitates dislocation multiplication and uniform dislocation distribution. Moreover, due to high input ultrasonic energy, the highly active dislocations are rearranged into subgrain boundaries and are subsequently evolved into grain boundaries. Many new fine grains are formed around the initial large grains, and the UEF shows a positive effect on grain refinement. Additionally, grain rotation toward the soft orientations is promoted under the application of UEF, resulting in the formation of <span><math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>0001</mn><mo>></mo><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><mtext>ND</mtext></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>10</mn><mover><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><mn>0</mn><mo>></mo><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><mtext>ND</mtext></mrow></math></span> textures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 107702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of bulk wave EMAT sensors with enhanced Lorentz force through magnetic field concentration in eddy current regions","authors":"Vinay Mudapaka , Thulsiram Gantala , Krishnan Balasubramaniam","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose the development of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) to generate ultrasonic bulk waves and inspect metallic specimens at elevated temperatures. EMATs play a vital role in the NDE due to their non-contact inspection behavior; however, they are constrained by their low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), especially under high-temperature conditions. This work addresses the challenges by developing EMAT configurations that enhance the Lorentz force and ultrasonic wave generation by optimizing the magnetic field in the region of eddy current generation. The Finite Element (FE) simulations were performed in aluminum samples to study the eddy current through varying coil widths, liftoffs, and static magnetic field intensity concentration. The FE simulations on eddy current revealed that eddy current intensity is independent of the coil widths. Different EMAT configurations were designed and developed by concentrating the static magnetic field intensity in the region of the eddy current generation by considering the simulation results. Various EMAT configurations were fabricated and tested on 26 mm and 50 mm aluminum samples to measure their SNR. The configuration with the highest SNR was further tested at elevated temperatures under proper insulation techniques. These advancements have the potential to enhance the capabilities of NDE techniques in challenging industrial environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 107687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2025-05-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107701
Nura Habbaba , Samir Mustapha , Ye Lu
{"title":"Early detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete using ultrasonic guided wave technique correlated with embedded fiber bragg grating strain sensors","authors":"Nura Habbaba , Samir Mustapha , Ye Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reinforced concrete (RC) is commonly utilized in construction, but corrosion, particularly in marine environments, causes considerable challenges, resulting in high maintenance costs. Non-destructive corrosion detection techniques are critical to ensure structural safety. This study aims to detect early corrosion in steel-reinforced concrete using leaking UGW. UGW propagation in steel bars embedded in concrete and energy leakage through the concrete medium were explored experimentally and numerically. The study also aims to provide passive corrosion monitoring using embedded Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) strain sensors. An accelerated corrosion setup using the impressed voltage technique was employed to simulate natural corrosion in RC specimens. The results reveal that the first longitudinal mode, L(0,1), is dominant and its amplitude is sensitive to corrosion, even when monitored away from the corrosion source. Different corrosion stages (initiation, progression, and diameter reduction) were distinguished by variations in signal strength and L(0,1) characteristics. The leaky wave observed from bar 2, which was subjected to corrosion and propagated to neighboring bars, showed sensitivity to the diameter reduction phase and crack propagation. This was indicated by a significant drop in amplitude during that phase. Additionally, the integration of FBG sensors provided further insights into the correlation between strain and GW readings, particularly during the diameter reduction phase. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of UGW for the detection and assessment of corrosion in steel-reinforced concrete structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 107701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UltrasonicsPub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107689
Jacob Brody , Prabhakaran Manogharan , Nathan Moore , Alper Erturk
{"title":"High intensity focused ultrasound for high strain rate material testing and delamination","authors":"Jacob Brody , Prabhakaran Manogharan , Nathan Moore , Alper Erturk","doi":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-contact method of focusing energy through acoustic waves at high frequencies. HIFU is attractive in nature due to its ability to produce highly focused energy both spatially and temporally. Besides its biomedical applications such as tumor ablation, recently, HIFU has been proposed as a remote excitation mechanism for shape recovery and surface treatment of polymers, among others. However, HIFU has not received much attention as a dynamic characterization technique for materials at high strain rates. Here, we report the potential of HIFU as a stress-generating apparatus for material testing. Specifically, we show that adhesively bonded thin-film laminates can be selectively delaminated at the interface via HIFU, demonstrating its capacity as a compact and non-contact mechanism of shock wave generation. Acoustic intensity and duration are varied to understand the interaction of HIFU and adhesive interfaces without contact. This indicates that high strain rate material testing, which is typically performed at strain rates of 10<sup>-3</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, can be done at the high end of the strain rate regime (up to 10<sup>6</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) using our method. Compared to existing techniques, HIFU therefore presents a key opportunity to induce and analyze impact stresses in materials in a low-cost, compact, and non-contact manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23522,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 107689"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}