Lit. Linguistic Comput.最新文献

{"title":"Annotating with Propp's Morphology of the Folktale: reproducibility and trainability","authors":"Bernhard Fisseni, Aadil Kurji, B. Löwe","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqu050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu050","url":null,"abstract":"We continue the study of the reproducibility of Propp’s annotations from Bod et al. (2012). We present four experiments in which test subjects were taught Propp’s annotation system; we conclude that Propp’s system needs a significant amount of training, but that with sufficient time investment, it can be reliably trained for simple tales.","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129268442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards modeling expressed emotions in oral history interviews: Using verbal and nonverbal signals to track personal narratives","authors":"K. Truong, G. Westerhof, S. Lamers, F. D. Jong","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqu041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu041","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to model the verbal and prosodic features of emotional expression in interviews to investigate the potential for synergy between scholarly fields that have the narrative as object of study. Using a digital collection of oral history interviews that contains narrative aspects addressing war and violence in Croatia, we analyzed emotional expression through the words spoken, and through the pitch, vocal effort, and pause duration in the speech signal. The findings were correlated with the linear structure of interviews as well as question type. Our analysis indicates that the weight of emotion words for the overall expressed emotion is stronger in later interview parts as well as after open questions and meaning questions. Similar patterns were found for pitch and pause duration, but not for vocal effort. Although the verbal expression of emotions was somewhat correlated to pause duration, the hypothesized correlation between the verbal and nonverbal features was not confirmed. The research also shows that the various expressive layers in the interviews as well as the relations between them are a suited basis for computational modeling that may help track emotional personal narratives in interview collections. Additional research is needed to further develop the framework for the automated analysis of verbal and nonverbal cues to automatically generate annotations to be used for exploring spoken word collections.","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127495573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composing narrative discourse for stories of many characters: A case study over a chess game","authors":"Pablo Gervás","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqu040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu040","url":null,"abstract":"Stories of several characters, where different characters may engage in separate activities at different locations over the same period, are produced by humans as linear discourses with no difficulty. The present article addresses this issue by engineering a computational model of the relevant task understood as that of composing a narrative discourse for the events in a chess game. The task of narrative composition is modelled as a set of operations that need to be carried out to obtain a span of narrative discourse from a set of events that inspire the narration. The model explores a set of intermediate representations required to capture the structure that is progressively imposed on the material, and connects this content planning task with a classic pipeline for natural language generation. Several strategies are explored for the linearization procedure and for the evaluation of its results. Additionally, the article considers this productive task immersed in a self-evaluation cycle where the produced discourse is validated via the construction of a possible interpretation (based exclusively on the information available in the discourse itself) and a comparison between this interpretation and the original source material.","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124133745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can believable characters act unexpectedly?","authors":"Antoine Saillenfest, J. Dessalles","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqu042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu042","url":null,"abstract":"Unexpectedness is a major factor controlling interest in narratives. Emotions, for instance, are felt intensely if they are associated with unexpected events. The problem with generating unexpected situations is that either characters, or the whole story, are at risk of being no longer believable. This issue is one of the main problems that make story design a hard task. Writers face it on a case by case basis. The automatic generation of interesting stories requires formal criteria to decide to what extent a given situation is unexpected and to what extent actions are kept believable. This paper proposes such formal criteria and makes suggestions concerning their use in story generation systems. 1. The unexpectedness-believability dilemma Interest in narratives crucially relies on the author’s ability to design unexpected situations. The exercise requires however a bit of caution, as the following example illustrates. The Knife Story. John and Mary are true lovers. Over time, their love is growing. On that Tuesday, Mary has breakfast with John as usual. She stands up, goes to the kitchen, grabs a knife, returns and stabs John in the back. This example illustrates the mutual exclusion between unexpectedness and believability. Mary’s action does not make sense at this point of the story. Readers are in a desperate need for an explanation that will restore Mary’s rationality. In the absence of such explanation, or if it comes too late, Mary’s character is at risk of appearing non believable, and the story’s attractiveness will suffer as a result. Few authors addressed the issue on a general basis. The narrative generator Prevoyant (Bae and Young, 2008) is an attempt to generate flashback and foreshadowing, specifically targeted at the evocation of surprise in the reader’s mind. Surprise is mainly aroused by the manipulation of temporal structures in the narrative. Foreshadowing provides the reader with expectations and flashback provides the reader with an explanation of the surprising event. Using a reader model, the system evaluates both the presence of an unexpected event and the fact that the story structure as a whole will hang together and make sense to the reader. Suspenser (Cheong and Young, 2008) is a framework that determines narrative contents intended to arouse high level of suspense in the reader. This system relies on the idea that a reader’s suspense level is affected by the problems that characters must face and by the number of solutions available to them. The system manipulates the story events in order to increase or decrease the chances of success and also proposes a measure of the level of suspense. Both studies, Prevoyant and Suspenser, address the question of generating coherent stories that arouse an effect in the reader. However, the problem of creating interesting situations by generating surprise or suspense is addressed considering only some specific aspect of these notions. No general theoretical framework that would se","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117187814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arguments as a new perspective on character motive in stories","authors":"Floris Bex, Katie Atkinson, Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon","doi":"10.1093/LLC/FQU054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LLC/FQU054","url":null,"abstract":"We often try to teach people through stories and narratives instead of giving them explicit facts and rules. But how do these stories influence us, how do they persuade us to change our attitudes? In this paper, we aim to answer these questions by providing a computational model that offers an internal perspective on character motives in stories. This model allows us to represent the deliberations of the main characters and how they weighed their values and motives given their attitudes. We illustrate out model by discussing the well known fable of the Ant and the Grasshopper and the parable of the Prodigal Son.","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130006609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative similarity as common summary: Evaluation of behavioral and computational aspects","authors":"Elektra Kypridemou, Loizos Michael","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqu046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122335527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An NLP-based cross-document approach to narrative structure discovery","authors":"Nils Reiter, A. Frank, Oliver Hellwig","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqu055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125279520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowdsourcing individual interpretations: Between microtasking and macrotasking","authors":"B. Walsh, C. Maiers, Gwen Nally, J. Boggs","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqu030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114956494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visibility and meaning in topic models and 18th-century subject indexes","authors":"J. M. Binder, Collin Jennings","doi":"10.1093/llc/fqu017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu017","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the ‘meaning problem’ of unsupervised topic modeling algorithms using a tool called the Networked Corpus, which offers a way to visualize topic models alongside the texts themselves. We argue that the relationship between quantitative methods and qualitative interpretation can be reframed by investigating the long history of machine learning procedures and their historical antecedents. The new method of visualization presented by the Networked Corpus enables users to compare the results of topic models with earlier methods of topical representation such as the 18th-century subject index. Although the article provides a brief description of the tool, the primary focus is to describe an argument for this kind of comparative analysis between topic models and older genres that perform similar tasks. Such comparative analysis provides a new method for developing conceptual histories of the categories of meaning on which the topic model and the index depend. These devices are linked by a shared attempt to represent what a text is ‘about’, but the concept of ‘aboutness’ has evolved over time. The Networked Corpus enables researchers to discover congruities and contradictions in how topic models and indexes represent texts in order to examine what kinds of information each historically situated device prioritizes. .................................................................................................................................................................................","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133484605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Web-based discovery and integration of archaeological historic properties inventory data: The Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA)","authors":"Joshua J. Wells, Eric C. Kansa, S. Kansa, Stephen J. Yerka, David G. Anderson, Thaddeus G. Bissett, K. Myers, R. DeMuth","doi":"10.1093/LLC/FQU028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/LLC/FQU028","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating data from different sources represents a tremendous research opportunity across the humanities, social, and natural sciences. However, repurposing data for uses not imagined or anticipated by their creators involves conceptual, methodological, and theoretical challenges. These are acute in archaeology, a discipline that straddles the humanities and sciences. Heritage protection laws shape archaeological practice and generate large bodies of data, largely untapped for research or other purposes. The Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA) project adapts heritage management data sets for broader open and public uses. DINAA’s initial goal is to integrate government-curated public data from off-line and online digital repositories, from up to twenty US states, and which qualitatively and quantitatively describe over 500,000 archaeological sites in eastern North America. DINAA hopes to promote extension and reuse by government personnel, as well as by domestic and international researchers interested in the cultures, histories, artifacts, and behaviors described within these public data sets. DINAA innovatively applies methodologies and workflows typical of many ‘open science’ and digital humanities programs to these data sets. The distributed nature of data production, coupled with protections for sensitive data, add layers of complexity. Ethically negotiating these issues can wider the collaboration between stakeholder communities, and offer an unprecedented new view on human use of the North American landscape across vast regions and time scales. ................................................................................................................................................................................. Correspondence:","PeriodicalId":235034,"journal":{"name":"Lit. Linguistic Comput.","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125430372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}