Universal Journal of Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Analytical Study of Styles of Love among Secondary School Adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"U. C. Nwanna","doi":"10.13189/ujp.2020.080101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujp.2020.080101","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is an important developmental period when there is increase in adolescents’ quest for romantic relationships; love at this period can become confusing. This study analysed the styles of love among adolescents of secondary schools in Anambra state, Nigeria. One research question guided the study and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A sample size of 1015 secondary school adolescents was selected from a population size of 32,217 adolescents through simple random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Research question was answered using range of summated scores and percentages while z-test and ANOVA were respectively used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings from the study revealed among others that majority of the adolescents are aware of the different styles of love. Based on the findings, implications of the study were noted and recommendations made that school guidance and counselling services and programmes for educating the students should focus on how to make the best of relationship choice based on the styles of love and the dangers of making the wrong choice of love in such early stage of development.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77817327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Evolutionary Psychology on Human Mating and Sexual Behavior","authors":"N. Fayyaz","doi":"10.13189/ujp.2019.070401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujp.2019.070401","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of history, human beings have taken keen interest in the mating activity. The survival of the human species has been dependent on sexual mating and human reproduction; the need for sexual companionship has played a pivotal role in building societies and establishing social as well as intimate relationships. To overcome the problem of finding a suitable sexual partner, men and women adopt different strategies, based on their roles in the society. This paper discusses the impact of Evolutionary Psychology on Human mating and sexual behavior. David Buss's Sexual Strategies Theory is considered one of the major research programs to investigate how this relationship works. This paper aims to provide an emotional and cultural perspective on how evolutionary psychology has influenced human sexual and mating behaviors. It can be said that Buss's theory, despite being one of its kind, has failed to look at the complete picture. These limitations are due to various reasons; such as over emphasis on the polygamous nature of men, the evaluation of parental investment of both sexes, the problems each of the sexes can solve by using these strategies and how mating is considered an individual activity instead of a cooperative one. The cultural, philosophical and emotional take on the evolution of human sexual behavior brings a fresh and creative outlook.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89733155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness and Divergent Thinking: The Value of Heart Rate Variability as an Objective Manipulation Check","authors":"Julia Keller, E. Ruthruff, Patrick Keller","doi":"10.13189/UJP.2017.050301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJP.2017.050301","url":null,"abstract":"Mindfulness (MF) is a form of mental training that has been linked to increased creativity in problem-solving. Most MF studies recruit participants interested in meditation, and thus are biased towards positive effects. Participants in this study (n = 73) therefore signed up for \"mental training,\" not \"mindfulness meditation\"; the vast majority (54) had little to no prior meditation experience. This is also the first such experiment to use an objective measure of MF (coherence, a physiological correlate of MF that can be indexed by heart rate variability or HRV) as a manipulation check. Participants were randomly assigned to either MF training or a control condition (a memory exercise), and completed a test of divergent thinking (Unusual Uses Task) before and after mental training. Coherence was significantly higher in the MF group and heart rate was significantly lower in the MF group.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91433255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Cognitive Distortion and Antisocial Behavior among Bangladeshi Adolescent in Higher Secondary School","authors":"T. Begum","doi":"10.13189/UJP.2019.070301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJP.2019.070301","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 50 years, the rate of antisocial behaviors have increased in frequency and severity among children and adolescent. In a number of studies, cognitive distortions have been shown to be directly related to criminal and antisocial behavior. Hence, it is important to check the frequency of antisocial behavior among adolescent in every society. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of cognitive distortion or antisocial behavior among higher secondary adolescent. To determine the cognitive distortion and antisocial behavior the study used the Bangla Version of HIT questionnaire. To measure the prevalence, at first we determine the cutoff score for cognitive distortion and antisocial behavior using ROC curve, sensitivity, specificity and Youden Index. The target sample were 191 higher secondary school going adolescent who are consider as not delinquent or normal sample. Another group of 30 samples was included from juvenile Correction Center considering as delinquent sample to determine the cutoff score. The result found the cutoff score for cognitive distortion or antisocial behavior is 76.5. The result of the study was alarming and found that 42.7% adolescent were cognitively distorted and had antisocial behavior. The study also found that boys had more antisocial behavior than girls (44.6% vs 42.7%). The result also found that socio economic status was related to cognitive distortion and antisocial behavior. These findings suggest that cognitive distortion and antisocial behavior among higher secondary adolescent in Bangladeshi population are public health concern and assumed to threats for society. Since, cognitive distortion of adolescent should be prevented by imposing interventions. In a consequence, we will able to contribute the future national developmental process by reducing crime from Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82588980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of Children Sexual Abuse by Active Learning to Elementary School Students in West Jakarta Indonesia","authors":"M. Safitri, Aziz Luthfi, E. Heryati","doi":"10.13189/UJP.2019.070302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJP.2019.070302","url":null,"abstract":"The number of sexual abuse in children as the victims has increased year to year. Technology development is believed as one of the reasons the increasement of sexual abuse. The purpose of this research is to give the knowledge and get a picture that happened to children about sexual abuse by making visual model and share it by active learning method. This study is using quasi experiment method, through training with Active learning method. The respondents are 232 students from 3 elementary school in West Jakarta Indonesia. The measurement data of sexual abuse knowledge with pre and post questionnaire, and peer group discussion. The results showed that many students still in the not knowing the kinds of sexual abuse and or who possibly could be the offender, but few of them already recognized the kind of sexual behavior, either self-experience or from what they saw around them. The active learning method was effective to increase knowledge about the offender and the type of sexual abuse to Elementary School Students in West Jakarta Indonesia, with test results differ to p0, 00.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90203896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction of the Codependent Behavior: Propose a Psychological Program","authors":"Yekaterina Raklova","doi":"10.13189/UJP.2019.070201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJP.2019.070201","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of codependence, which occupies an important place in the research of individual human features, is reviewed in this article. Codependency is one of the most complex and actively investigated problems. It is explained by its exceptional role in the formation of personality individual uniqueness, its role in a person's interaction with the environment as well as its close relationship with his/her mental and physical health. In the process of theoretical and practical development of the problem, the basic principles of psycho-pedagogical correction approaches were formulated, the necessity of using a number of means, influencing on the dynamics of codependent personality states was founded. The choice of specific tools to work with codependent personality states was tested in the psychological and social centers. During the experiment the programme of codependent personality states correction has been elaborated and conducted. This programme, which considers the data, got during the diagnostic research, allowed to decrease the level of psycho-emotional tension, to develop the ability to self-regulate behavior and it contributed to enhancing the overall activity of codependent women. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time a systematic approach to the correction of codependent personality states was considered: the factors of adaptive behavior of a person, after participating in a correction program, were identified; the relationship between the system of psychological means and the adaptability of behavior of codependent women was established; a model of psychological support for codependent women was developed.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77734423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relational Matching-to-Sample Concept Learning in Children","authors":"Md. Abu Bokor Siddik, H. Lata, Abu Yusuf Mahmud","doi":"10.13189/UJP.2019.070202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJP.2019.070202","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was formulated with an aim to examine the identical relational matching-to-sample concept learning in children, in which five students of kindergarten aged 7-8 were concurrently trained with two-choice relational matching-to-sample (RMTS) tasks by using various shapes as stimuli under the conditions of no reinforcement for making correct responses. In particular, the RMTS tasks allowed subjects to see a sample of pair of stimuli at first, and then two comparison pair of stimuli. Subjects were trained to choose one of the two comparison pair of stimuli that matched the sample one. The number of tasks (e.g., AA vs. BB & MA in phase 1; BB vs. AA & MA in phase 2) was gradually increased. Research findings showed around or more than chance level performances made by three subjects out of five during the initial performances of the acquisition training in phase 1(e.g., AA vs. BB & MA). Subsequently, subjects were able to rapidly master the acquisition tasks with higher accuracy. After learning these RMTS tasks, they transferred the discriminative responding to two novel sets of stimuli securing higher accuracy in both baseline and test performances suggesting that they might have perceived and compared the relationship between objects in the sample pair of stimuli to the relationship between objects in the comparison pair of stimuli. Our findings suggest that children seemed to adopt the relational strategy to learn the RMTS tasks. These findings are considered in light of the implications for understanding the nature of the relational learning and their evolutionary origins.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84964417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practices and Challenges of Cooperative Learning in Selected College of Arsi University: As a Motivational Factor on Enhancing Students' Learning","authors":"Birhanu Moges","doi":"10.13189/UJP.2019.070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJP.2019.070101","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine the practices and challenges of cooperative learning as a motivational factor on enhancing students' learning in selected colleges of Arsi University. This research has mixed approach both qualitative and quantitative; while its method is descriptive and explorative in their nature. The total sample of the study was 421, 330 graduate students, 85 instructors and the 8 deans and vice deans were included as a sample through stratified random sampling technique. Instruments employed in this study included questionnaire, semi-structured interview and observation. For questionnaire a five point Likert scale was adopted. Frequencies, percentage, mean and SD was used to analyze the data. Information generated from interview and classroom observation was described qualitatively. The findings indicate that instructors and students have positive attitudes towards cooperative learning and they prefer it to lecture-style. The findings suggest that training in cooperative learning is important to implement it. Accordingly the following findings were obtained: instructors' lack of knowledge and training on cooperative learning; students' lack of interest to participate in cooperative learning and passive style of learning; lack of enough support from administrative and unavailability of instructional materials were among the challenges which hinder the implementation of cooperative learning. Consequently, instructors are practicing traditional teaching methods. Similarly, students indicated that they are not willing to participate in group discussion while the researcher observed in the actual classroom. The challenge for instructors is to develop skills to facilitate positive teamwork experience among their students who will need to interact with each others in transnational teams in the workplace of the future. It can be recommend, providing adequate administrative support, preparing supplementary materials, preparing cooperative learning training for instructors and inviting experts to share experience about cooperative learning. Cooperative learning method should be adopted by all instructors as an effective learning strategy in order to improve students' learning.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86317575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivation to Achievement in Adolescents: Differences in Sexes between Public and Private High Schools","authors":"Mary Carmen Moreira, Virginia Galindo, Angélica Ojeda García","doi":"10.13189/UJP.2019.070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJP.2019.070102","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents go through a critical period of development. Therefore, they have to face various challenges, changes and decisions. One of them, it is that they live frequently in environments with a lot of risk factors, which influence in them and generates feelings as frustration, aphaty and uninteresting for their wishing, but in the same time, a feeling of greatness with they respond their environment. The study’s aim was to know the relationship between the different risk factors and motivation to achievement by Mexican adolescents between public and private high schools. The results showed a positive and negative correlation toward more motivation increase the protective factors and less motivation of achievement in presence the risk factors. The intrinsic motivation was marked by the three types of protection factors (self-discipline, self-respect and self-acceptance) and extrinsic motivation was integrated by environment’s risk factors. Both are determinant over the motivation of achievement in this population. The risk factor unconsciousness and impulsive showed difference between public and private school. It is crucial to develop in them a project of life toward integral self-realisation.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74555546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color Preferences for Private and Semi-private Areas in Hotels","authors":"L. Prado-León, Perla Zambrano-Prado, Susana Herrada-Rodríguez, Sonia Felizardo-Gómez","doi":"10.13189/UJP.2018.060401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/UJP.2018.060401","url":null,"abstract":"Soft ergonomics comprises emotional needs and other qualitative features which affect the relationship of the user to the product. In Interior Design, subjective aspects such as color preference can influence user experiences. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of color in the choice of the interior design on private and semi-private areas of hotel areas displayed by renders and to establish whether there is a relationship between color preference and gender. This study included 197 volunteers. The experimental stimuli (nine chromatic and three achromatic) were applied to three different hotel places; all of these stimuli were presented on a computer screen, one at a time in random order. A continuous scale ranging from 0 (null liking) to 100 (absolute liking) indicated to what degree the viewer liked the image. As a whole, for all the hotel spaces, a higher preference was found for achromatic colors, especially white (74.0); even gray (57.8) surpassed the most preferred chromatic color, which was royal blue, with a score of (56.5). Some significant sex differences were distinguished in the results. These findings emphasize the importance of gaining information about color preferences in the discipline of Interior Design with the aim to satisfy users' expectations and to improve their experience.","PeriodicalId":23456,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88798336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}