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The (Afro)Future of a Diverse Marvel: Gender, Race and Empire in Thor: Ragnarok and Black Panther 《雷神3:诸神黄昏》和《黑豹》中多元化漫威的(非洲裔)未来:性别、种族和帝国
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0011
Miriam Kent
{"title":"The (Afro)Future of a Diverse Marvel: Gender, Race and Empire in Thor: Ragnarok and Black Panther","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This final chapter culminates in a meditation on the significance of Marvel’s Black Panther adaptation, alongside Thor: Ragnarok regarding wider social and political issues. Both films are concerned with similar themes of ethnic bloodlines, royalty and marginalisation. The Trump era gave rise to media texts which have been characterised as reigniting and normalising a politic of white supremacy alongside an overblown neoliberal, capitalist conservatism. These films are therefore positioned within this context, which is both heavily racialised and somewhat naïve in its striving for a postracial utopia. While Black Panther heavily draws from Afrofuturist aesthetics and themes to project empowered black superheroic female subjectivities, Thor: Ragnarok struggles to reconcile the potentially white-supremacist leanings of its Norse source material with an outlook that rests on racial diversity and inclusion.","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115617756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mutants, Cyborgs and Femininity Unfixed? Addressing the Gendered Bodies of Mystique and Nebula 变种人、半机械人和未固定的女性特质?对魔形女和星云的性别化身体的描述
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0008
Miriam Kent
{"title":"Mutants, Cyborgs and Femininity Unfixed? Addressing the Gendered Bodies of Mystique and Nebula","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Though Marvel superhero films often display a need to maintain gender rigidity, two interesting cases are the mutant shapeshifter Mystique, who appears in the X-Men films, and the female cyborg Nebula of the Guardians of the Galaxy films. This chapter addresses the potential for queer readings of these characters, while also examining how they are placed within postfeminist boundaries. The simultaneous queering and de-queering of Mystique that occurs throughout the X-Men films is a notable paradox. Meanwhile, Nebula can be read in terms of the radical politics of the gendered cyborg, especially concerning subjectivity and family. These characters pose excellent case studies for the subject of the posthuman (but still gendered) body due to the representation of their bodies as explicitly pliable and questioning hegemonic gender norms. Both characters have an alien appearance, harnessing the generic potential of the science fiction-superhero hybrid genre that more recent superhero films make use of since the initial success of 2014’s Guardians of the Galaxy.","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"64 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131127290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
With Great Power Comes Great Frustration? Configurations of Hero(ine)ism in Marvel Films 权力越大，挫折越大?漫威电影中英雄(线)主义的配置
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0004
Miriam Kent
{"title":"With Great Power Comes Great Frustration? Configurations of Hero(ine)ism in Marvel Films","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an initial discussion of the superheroines represented in Marvel films. While examinations of postfeminist action heroines have proliferated in recent years, this chapter proposes some new approaches to considering these characters, narratives and cinematic elements. It discusses how the gendered phenomenon of power is negotiated within these highly contested characters who in previous analyses—both scholarly and popular—have been characterised as ‘men in drag’ due to the masculine signifiers inherent in their portrayals as heroic. The contradictory nature of postfeminist culture produces a vision of empowered superheroic femininity that is often limited in its potential for action, physicality and heroism. This is frequently facilitated by the very machinations of postfeminist discourse—which ever invokes the notion of power—itself.","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132217079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mad With Power: Female Villainy in Marvel Films 疯狂的力量:漫威电影中的女性反派
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0007
Miriam Kent
{"title":"Mad With Power: Female Villainy in Marvel Films","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter takes as its focus another rarely examined subject—Marvel’s villainesses and evil women. It examines how and why comic book notions of feminine villainy are appropriated and exaggerated to shape a version of the Marvel villainess as aberrant and culturally abject. Keeping in mind existing debates about the gendered meaning of evil, characters such as the evil Jean Grey and snake-woman Viper of the X-Men films, and Hela in Thor: Ragnarok (2017) are historically contextualised. In these, fissures in the discourses of postfeminism—so often engaged with the empowering qualities of feminine heterosexuality—become more disjointed when considering the denigration of female sexual assertion present in these portrayals. Such representations signal postfeminist culture’s complex relationship with issues of feminine sexuality, linking also to themes of mental distress and the toxicity of the abject female body. These narratives amplify the oppressive tendencies of such discourses when considering both the comics on which they are based and their ultimate outcomes, which usually involve narrative punishment such as death, for the villainess. These characters indicate the ways in which discourses of sexual liberation and pleasure are still highly regulated within postfeminist culture.","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115192910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disrupting the Rainbow Bridge: Dysfunctional Heterosexuality and Reinforcing Gender Difference in Marvel Adaptations 破坏彩虹桥:在漫威改编中不正常的异性恋和强化性别差异
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0009
Miriam Kent
{"title":"Disrupting the Rainbow Bridge: Dysfunctional Heterosexuality and Reinforcing Gender Difference in Marvel Adaptations","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Taking as its subject wider issues of sexuality and Marvel women, this chapter thoroughly interrogates the role of heterosexuality in the presentation of women in Marvel films. A critique of gender representation necessarily incorporates a consideration of dominant structures of heterosexuality that are ultimately linked to gender in complex ways. This chapter questions how women in Marvel films are overwhelmingly represented as heterosexual, the role of heterosexuality within the film narratives, and how female characters are drawn into the narrative through their statuses as heterosexual women. This reliance on the heterosexual gender binary is then linked to the projection of a universal heterosexuality intertwined with the superheroic narrative. Taking the theoretical position of gender as a social construct, the chapter begins with an examination of how Marvel films take for granted the binaristic nature of gender. The reassertion of gender difference likewise ties to postfeminist culture.","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116226266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Afterword: Some Concluding Remarks on Marvel Women … Thus Far! 后记:对漫威女侠的总结……到目前为止!
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0012
Miriam Kent
{"title":"Afterword: Some Concluding Remarks on Marvel Women … Thus Far!","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter recaps the ways in which postfeminist culture shapes understandings of women’s empowerment through the women portrayed in Marvel superhero films. Looking ahead, the book concludes by remarking on current politics and their relationship to the future of the Marvel film adaptation. Further avenues of investigation with particular reference to issues of reception and quality as well as the current state of superheroines on the small screen are also considered. The conclusion draws attention to Marvel films as worthwhile objects of interrogation, representing issues of gender representation that are still prevalent in Western media culture. The overarching argument regarding the heterogeneous but often problematic representations of Marvel women is reiterated, while hope for the future of both comics and film in using the potential of the superhero genre to validate the existence of marginalised and disempowered peoples is expressed.","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"03 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128275222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pepper Potts and Gwen Stacy: Recuperating the Superhero Girlfriend 小辣椒波茨和格温史黛西:恢复超级英雄女友
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0003
Miriam Kent
{"title":"Pepper Potts and Gwen Stacy: Recuperating the Superhero Girlfriend","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter further complexifies understandings of superhero girlfriends as being inherently limiting and highlights the potential for disruption within such characters. Pepper Potts of the Iron Man films (2008–2 013) and Gwen Stacy in the rebooted The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) are positioned as figures who complicate notions of empowered femininity within a generic framework that heavily draws from images of feminine victimisation. Significantly, Pepper and Gwen’s respective characterisations as quirky, loveable and resourceful ties into contemporary postfeminist notions of empowered femininity while reaching back to a model of quick-witted and fast-talking female characters that proliferated in the Classic Hollywood era, thereby complexifying the temporal location and cultural meaning of these characters. Whereas Pepper’s role can be linked to issues of working womanhood and postfeminist notions of ‘having it all,’ analysis of Gwen’s characterisation in The Amazing Spider-Man, and subsequent death in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014), illustrate the negotiation of meanings when considering the superhero girlfriend’s adaptation from comic to screen.","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126389943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marvel Legacy: Girl Heroism and Intergenerationality in Marvel Films 漫威遗产:漫威电影中的女孩英雄主义和代际性
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0006
Miriam Kent
{"title":"Marvel Legacy: Girl Heroism and Intergenerationality in Marvel Films","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The fascinating but remarkably rarely portrayed teen heroine in Marvel films is examined in this chapter. It provides commentary regarding the placement of these characters within themes of ‘womanhood’ and intergenerational women’s solidarity, using the teen heroine Abby from Elektra (2005) as a unique case study. Drawing from postfeminist ideals of self-actualization and being true to oneself, the film actively participates in discussions around what it means for girls to become women via a female superhero narrative. Subsequently, the chapter builds on this discussion to consider the theme of superhero legacy through the character of Wolverine clone Laura Kinney in Logan (2017).","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130095930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Black Skin, Blue Skin: Race and Femininity in Marvel Films 黑皮肤，蓝皮肤:漫威电影中的种族和女性气质
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0010
Miriam Kent
{"title":"Black Skin, Blue Skin: Race and Femininity in Marvel Films","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the issue of race representation in Marvel films with specific reference to the portrayal of women of colour. Themes of whiteness and privilege run throughout each of the previous chapters; this chapter therefore interrogates many of the discourses of inclusion and equality central to some of these films, while querying the notion of a postracial culture. Continuing discussions from the previous chapters, Marvel films are positioned within a globalised, postfeminist and postracial media culture that encourages a notion of universal womanhood based on the oppression of all women. Women of colour remain marginalised in Marvel films through a range of cultural and industrial practices, regardless of the character types they play. The representations of characters such as Storm in the X-Men films and Dr Karen Jenson in Blade are discussed.","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128723171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introducing … The Mighty Women of Marvel! 介绍……神奇女侠!
Women in Marvel Films Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0001
Miriam Kent
{"title":"Introducing … The Mighty Women of Marvel!","authors":"Miriam Kent","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448826.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter sets established the ensuing discussion with a brief account of current popular debates within both superhero comic books and film: the supposed embrace of diversity and inclusion of non-normative subjectivities. Marvel’s teen Muslim superheroine Kamala Khan (Ms. Marvel) is offered as a short but insightful case study to outline some of the crucial issues presented in the rest of the book. The chapter also highlights the twinned historical trajectories of comics and film and their entanglement with American (gender) politics throughout their existence, while also providing an overview of postfeminist culture and the implications of adaptation in these films. A chapter breakdown is provided, as well as an overview of the book’s key arguments.","PeriodicalId":234519,"journal":{"name":"Women in Marvel Films","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127016114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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