Ukrainian Biochemical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Bioenergetic functions of mitochondria in liver, pancreatic acinar cells, and sperm cells of rats fed short-term high-fat or high-fat high-sugar diets","authors":"B. V. Manko, N. M. Kozopas, , H. M. Mazur, A. М. Voityk, B. O. Manko, V. V. Manko","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.05.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.05.051","url":null,"abstract":"An unhealthy diet often is a cause of obesity, chronic inflammation, and metabolic disruption in multiple organs. However, the direct influence of elevated lipid or sugar consumption on liver, pancreatic, and sperm mitochondria is not well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the functional activity of mitochondria of liver, pancreatic acinar cells, and sperm cells in rats on a short-term (7 weeks) diet with high fat or high fat and high sugar content. Male Wistar rats were on a basic, high-fat or high-fat high-sugar diet for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, visceral fat mass, blood glucose and lipids were measured. Mitochondrial functional activity was evaluated with oxygen consumption assay. In isolated pancreatic acinar cells, NAD(P)H autofluorescence and mitochondrial membrane potential were also studied. No difference in body mass was observed between the 3 groups at the end of the experiment. Visceral fat mass was slightly but significantly elevated in rats on a high-fat high-sugar diet. Both diets did not affect plasma glucose or triglyceride levels but caused a modest elevation of total plasma cholesterol. Respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated liver mitochondria were not affected by any experimental diet. In pancreatic acinar cells, a high-fat diet caused a significant decrease of basal respiration by ~15%, but no effects were observed on the maximal rate of uncoupled respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, or NAD(P)H autofluorescence. In these cells, a ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate caused elevation of uncoupled respiration and NAD(P)H level irrespectively of the diet. Diets did not cause any change in sperm concentration, viability or motility. Surprisingly, in animals on a high-fat high-sugar diet, a significant increase in both basal and maximal respiration of sperm cells was observed. Collectively, these data show that while the elevated fat and sugar content in the diet does not cause significant obesity, no detrimental effects on mitochondria of the liver, pancreas, and sperm cells are observed. Keywords: diet, liver, mitochondria, pancreatic acinar cells, sperm","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel biochemical markers for the prediction of renal injury in beta-thalassemia major pediatric patients","authors":"A. J. Shwayel, A. M. Jewad, M. Q. Abdulsattar","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.05.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.05.041","url":null,"abstract":"Beta-thalassemia major is a severe inherited disorder characterized by inadequate production of hemoglobin beta chains, ineffective erythropoiesis, chronic hemolysis and necessitates lifelong transfusions, which lead to iron overload. The disease manifests itself in early childhood and persists throughout an individual’s life with a high risk of developing renal impairment, which cannot be reliably determined using routine markers. The objective of this research was to apply biomarkers to the evaluation of renal injury in pediatric­ patients within the age range of 1–14 years diagnosed with beta-thalassemia major. In the case-control study, the blood samples obtained in the Genetic Hematology Center in Thi-Qar Iraq Province were used: 60 samples from healthy individuals and 60 samples from the patients with beta-thalassemia, subdivided into 1-7 and 8-14 years old groups. The levels of hemoglobin, ferritin, creatinine and potassium were estimated with standard tests, enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to determine the level of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and beta-2-microglobulin (β2M) as novel markers of tubular and glomerular dysfunctions. The study revealed a statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin, serum potassium levels and an increase in ferritin, NGAL and β2M levels in the patients from both groups compared to controls and elevation of creatinine level in the 8–14-year-old group. It was concluded that NGAL and β2M levels may be considered indicators for the early diagnosis of renal injury in pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia, as these biomarkers exhibit elevated levels before an increase in creatinine is observed. Keywords: beta-2-microglobulin, beta-thalassemia major, creatinine, ferritin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, renal injury","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"2020 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the relationship between organ function test results and COVID-19 severity","authors":"A. K. Yadav, M. K. Mishra, S. Prasad, S. Singh","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.05.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.05.022","url":null,"abstract":"A number of recent reports have indicated the association of COVID-19 with multiple organ failure and the need to clarify the relationship between organ testing parameters and disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the degree of abnormal organ function test parameters and its correlation with COVID-19 severity. A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 patients admitted at Sanaka hospital, India, from August to September 2020. A total of 100 qRT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients divided into groups with mild or severe cases were enrolled. The data from venous blood samples for liver, renal, cardiac and inflammatory test parameters were included from the Sanaka hospital laboratory database. Biochemical prognostic tests were carried out using a clinical automated ERBA analyzer, cardiac markers were estimated with Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the data. Aspartate/Alanine aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase activity, creatinine, urea and troponin levels were higher in the confirmed positive cases of COVID-19. Significantly higher levels of troponin, D-dimer and C reactive protein (CRP) were found in patients with severe COVID form compared to a mild one. A strong positive correlation between elevated D-dimer and Ferritin with CRP level was revealed in this group of patients. It was concluded that the positive relationship between serum D-dimer, ferritin levels and CRP level in patients can be considered a stable indicator of disease severity. Keywords: COVID-19, CRP, D-dimer, ferritin, liver function test, renal function test","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Bacillus sp. IMV B-7883 proteases","authors":"O. V. Gudzenko, L. D. Varbanets","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.05.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.05.098","url":null,"abstract":"The representatives of Bacillus are some of the best protease producers studied so far since they exhibit broad substrate specificity, significant activity, stability, simple downstream purification, short period of fermentation and low cost. Earlier, we showed that Bacillus sp. IMV B-7883 strain synthesizes an extracellular proteases, which exhibit elastolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity. The aim of the work was to isolate and purify these enzymes from the culture liquid of the Bacillus sp. IMV B-7883 strain, as well as to study their properties. Isolation and purification of proteases was carried out by precipitation of the culture liquid with ammonium sulfate, gel permeation and ion exchange chromatography and rechromatography on Sepharose 6B. As a result, proteases with elastolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity with a molecular weight of 23 and 20 kDa respectively were isolated with elastase activity increased by 63.6 and fibrinogenolytic activity by 44.1 times. The enzyme with elastase activity had a pH-optimum of 7.0 and hydrolyzed only elastin, while the enzyme with fibrinogenolytic activity was an alkaline protease with a pH-optimum of 8.0 and in addition to fibrinogen, showed specificity for fibrin and, in trace amounts, for collagen. Keywords: Bacillus sp. IMV B-7883, elastase, fibrinogenase, pH optimum, substrate specificity","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"2018 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of 4a/4b polymorphic variants of the eNOS gene introne in patients with different types of encephalopathies","authors":"K. V. Duve","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.05.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.05.076","url":null,"abstract":"Questions related to the disruption of vasoregulatory processes as essential factor in neurological pathology require further study. The leading role in the vasoregulatory mechanisms is played by endothelial NO synthase which gene has 15 allelic variants. Recent data indicated a probable association between eNOS gene polymorphism and cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of the present work was to study the prevalence of the 4a/4b introne polymorphism of the eNOS gene in patients with various types of encephalopathies and to evaluate the influence of a particular genotype of the studied gene on the occurrence and/or progression of encephalopathy. A total of 96 patients with encephalopathies of various genesis: chronic traumatic encephalopathy, chronic alcohol-induced encephalopathy, chronic vascular encephalopathy, post-infectious encephalopathy were involved in the study. The patients received inpatient treatment in the neurological department of “Ternopil Regional Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital”. Molecular and genetic differentiation of the studied gene variants was carried out by allele-specific PCR or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis by standard operational protocols. Analysis of the frequency distribution of eNOS gene 4a/4b polymorphic variant showed that 4b allele prevailed among patients with all types of encephalopathies carriers­. Relative to practically healthy individuals the difference was found only in patients with chronic vascular encephalopathy (CVE), among whom about 39% were carriers of the 4a allele. The presence of the 4a allele was shown to increased the risk of CVE occurrence and/or progression by 4.5 times. The results obtained suggest the reasonability to include the 4a/b intron polymorphism of the eNOS gene in a genetic panel to monitor patients CVE. Keywords: 4a/4b introne, encephalopathies, endothelial NO-synthase, eNOS gene polymorphism","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"2 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C(60) fullerene attenuates the signs of acute renal failure in rats under rhabdomyolysis due to inhibition of oxidative stress","authors":"O. Omelchuk, S. Prylutska, D. Nozdrenko, O. Motuziuk, I. Vareniuk, K. Bogutska, O. Vygovska, I. O. Zholos, Yu. Prylutskyy","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.05.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.05.061","url":null,"abstract":"Rhabdomyolysis, as an acute stage of myopathy is known to be associated with the accumulation of muscle breakdown products, acute renal failure and oxidative stress. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of C60 fullerene as an antioxidant on kidney damage in the model of glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis in rats. The study was conducted on male Wistar rats, divided into the following experimental groups: control animals, animals intramuscularly injected with glycerol in a doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg and those intraperitoneally injected daily with C60 fullerene aqueous solution (C60FAS) in a dose of 1 or 2 mg/kg at 48 h after glycerol administration­. Monitoring of the biochemical and morphological indicators was carried out on 3rd, 6th and 9th days of the experiment. A close correlation between the acute renal damage severity, increased creatinine and urea level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the blood of rats was observed. It was shown that in rats which received 2 mg/kg of C60FAS the renal glomeruli size and necrosis manifestations were attenuated, whereas SOD and CAT activity in the blood was significantly decreased. The results obtained may be useful for developing approaches to the treatment of pathological conditions of the muscular system caused by rhabdomyolysis and associated oxidative stress. Keywords: acute renal failure, biochemical parameters, C60 fullerene, histopathology, muscle soleus, rhabdomyolysis","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"2018 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new affine inhibitor of sodium pump thiacalix[4]arene С-1193 increases the intracellular concentration of Ca ions and modifies myometrium contractility","authors":"Т. О. Veklich, S. О. Cherenok, О. V. Tsymbalyuk, О. A. Shkrabak, S. O. Karakhim, A. I. Selihova, V. І. Kalchenko, S. O. Kosterin","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"The methods of enzymatic and kinetic analysis were used to demonstrate that thiacalix[4]arene-bis-hydroxymethylphosphonic acid С-1193 had the inhibitory effect (І0.5 = 42.1 ± 0.6 nM) on Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the plasma membrane of myometrium cells with no effect on the relative activity of other ATPases localized in this subcellular structure. The method of confocal microscopy and Са2+-sensitive fluorescent probe fluo-4 were used to demonstrate that thiacalix[4]arene С-1193 increased the intracellular concentration of Ca ions in the immobilized uterine myocytes. The tenzometric studies proved that С-1193 (10 and 100 μМ) increased the isometric phasic contractions, induced via the paths of both electromechanical (depolarization with high-potassium solution) and pharmacomechanical (application of uterotonic hormone oxytocin, neurotransmitter acetylcholine or selective agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors cevimeline) coupling. Application of thiacalix[4]arene С-1193 as a selective and effective inhibitor of Nа+,K+-ATPase may be useful both for studyng the regulation of ion homeostasis in smooth muscle cells and creation of new uterotonics based on the calixarene core. Keywords: contractility mechanokinetics, myometrium, Na+‚K+-АТРase, thiacalix[4]arene","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of urinary podocalyxin as a biomarker of early diagnosis of hypertensive nephropathy","authors":"I. Kostovska, K. Tosheska-Trajkovska, D. Labudovic, S. Cekovska, O. Kostovski,, G. Spasovski","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.05.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.05.031","url":null,"abstract":"Chronically high blood pressure-related kidney injury is known as hypertensive nephropathy (HN). Podocyte damage in the pathogenesis of this disease can result in the release of the sialoglycoprotein podocalyxin into the urine, so podocalyxin may be useful in the early diagnosis of HN. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between urine podocalyxin level and clinical and biochemical parameters in individuals with HN and to assess the diagnostic utility of urinary podocalyxin as an early marker of HN. Participants (114 individuals) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 30 healthy controls and 84 patients with clinically proven chronic hypertension (CH). Biochemical tests were performed on the blood samples. Urinary microalbumin and creatinine levels were measured using immunoturbidimetric and spectrophotometric methods, respectively; urinary podocalyxin level was estimated with ELISA. All CH patients were classified into subgroups according to urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UM/CR) and the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results obtained showed that urinary podocalyxin level was significantly increased in both UM/CR and CKD staging subgroups compared with the healthy control group. A gradual increase in urinary podocalyxin level with CKD stage, especially in IV and V stages, and the higher sensitivi­ty of urinary podocalyxin as compared to UM/CR ratio in early detection of HN was demonstrated. It was concluded that urinary podocalyxin may be an important and highly sensitive marker for early diagnosis of hypertensive nephropathy in patients with chronic hypertension. Keywords: creatinine, diagnostic marker, hypertensive nephropathy, microalbumin, podocalyxin, urine","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"2020 28","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid modulates antioxidant and osmoprotective systems in seedlings of Triticum aestivum cultivars differing in drought tolerance","authors":"Yu. E. Kolupaev, I. V. Shakhov, A. I. Kokorev, L. Kryvoruchko, T. O. Yastreb","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.05.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.05.085","url":null,"abstract":"The stress-protective effects of plant neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been intensively examined in recent years. However, studies on the GABA influence on stress protective systems in bread wheat cultivars with different drought adaptation strategies are still lacking. The aim of this work was to estimate the GABA effect on the state of antioxidant and osmoprotective systems in etiolated seedlings of two wheat cultivars differing significantly in drought tolerance, namely Doskonala (non-drought-resistant) and Tobak (drought-resistant) under model drought induced by PEG 6000. Two-day-old seedlings were transferred to 15% PEG 6000 and incubated for two days in the absence or presence of GABA. Treatment with 0.1 and 0.5 mM GABA significantly reduced the growth-inhibitory effect of PEG 6000 on the roots and shoots of both cultivars, but to a greater extent on those of non-resistant Doskonala. It was shown that GABA treatment reduced drought-induced accumulation of H2O2 and MDA, stabilized SOD and GPX activity, the level of sugars, anthocyanins and flavonoids in seedlings of both cultivars. Meanwhile GABA treatment enhanced the stress-induced increase in proline content in the Doskonala cultivar, but decreased it in the Tobak, completely prevented stress induced decrease in anthocyanins and flavonoids level in the Tobak and only partially in Doskonala cultivar. Thus, the stabilization of the stress-protective systems functioning in the wheat cultivars and variety-dependent differences in response to GABA were revealed. Keywords: anthocyanins, antioxidant system, drought resistance, gamma-aminobutyric acid, oxidative stress, proline, Triticum aestivum","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"2018 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitric oxide cycle activity in rat biceps femoris muscle under conditions of bacterial lipopolysaccharide influence, experimental metabolic syndrome and their combination","authors":"O. Ye. Akimov, A. O. Mykytenko, V. O. Kostenko","doi":"10.15407/ubj95.04.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ubj95.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"There is evidence that long-term organism stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which promotes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, may play an important role in metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. Changes in NO production under conditions of MetS have different directions and depend on a specific organ. The purpose of this work was to study the production of nitric oxide and its metabolites in the biceps femoris muscle of rats under conditions of lipopolysaccharide stimulation of the organism, metabolic syndrome and their combination. The study was conducted for 60 days on 24 male Wistar rats divided into control, MetS, LPS and LPS+MetS groups. MetS was reproduced by adding 20% fructose solution to food, LPS stimulation was carried out by intraperitoneal injection of S. typhi LPS. It was demonstrated that stimulation of the rat organism with LPS under conditions of experimental metabolic syndrome increased the production of nitric oxide by L-arginine-dependent pathway, but limited metabolic syndrome-induced increase in nitric oxide production by L-arginine-independent pathway, reduced the concentration of S-nitrosothiols, while increasing the concentration of peroxynitrites and nitrites in the biceps femoris muscle of rats. Keywords: bacterial lipopolysaccharide, biceps femoris, metabolic syndrome, nitric oxide, reactive nitrogen species","PeriodicalId":23448,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Biochemical Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135982097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}